
Meteorology For Pilots (3rd Edition)
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For aviation the study of meterology provides knowledge and awareness of the atmosphere, which is, after all, the medium within which the pilot works. A proper study of the subject will provide the basis that can enable a pilot to appreciate properly the weather forecast given to him for a flight - and indeed to forecast for himself. Technical aircraft safety is now approaching the highest standards, whilst safety affected by particular weather conditions remains a large problem.
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Content
- Intro
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- List of Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Centre Pages Photographs
- Preface
- Introduction
- CHAPTER 1 THE ATMOSPHERE
- Exosphere
- Ionosphere
- Mesosphere
- Stratosphere
- Troposphere
- Aviation Portion of the Atmosphere
- Tropopause
- Standard Atmospheres
- CHAPTER 2 WEATHER REPORTING
- Surface Reports
- Upper Air Data
- Radio and Satellite
- Communications
- Synoptic Chart
- CHAPTER 3 PRESSURE
- Pressure Measurement
- Corrected Pressure Values
- Variations in Pressure. QFF
- CHAPTER 4 DENSITY
- Variation at the Surface
- Effect of Water Vapour
- Variation with Height
- Density and Flight
- Density Altitude
- CHAPTER 5 ALTIMETRY
- Circuit Flying
- En-route Flying
- Flying in Controlled Airspace
- 'D' Value and Pressure Variations. QFE, QNH, QNE
- CHAPTER 6 WORLD AND SYNOPTIC PRESSURES
- Isobars
- Anticyclone
- Depression
- Ridge of High
- Trough of Low
- Col
- Secondary Low
- Pressure System Movement
- Pressure Gradient
- CHAPTER 7 TEMPERATURE
- Scales
- Temperatures on the Earth's Surface
- Solar Radiation
- Latent Heat
- Angular Elevation of the Sun
- Latitude
- Season of the Year
- Diurnal Variation
- Effect of Cloud
- Effect of Wind
- Nature of the Surface
- Location Effect
- Origin of the Air
- Temperatures in the Atmosphere
- Terrestrial Radiation at Night
- Inversion and Isothermal Layer
- CHAPTER 8 HUMIDITY
- Water Vapour in the Air
- Evaporation and Condensation
- Dewpoint
- Sublimation
- Saturation Vapour Pressure
- Latent Heat
- Relative Humidity
- Diurnal Variation of Relative Humidity
- Measurement of Humidity
- Dry Air
- CHAPTER 9 VERTICAL MOTIONS OF THE AIR
- Adiabatics
- Variable SALR
- Descending Air
- Stability
- Instability
- Conditional Instability
- Stability in Practice
- Turbulence Near the Surface
- Thermal Turbulence
- Mechanical Turbulence
- Friction Layer
- Turbulence in Clouds
- Turbulence Description
- CHAPTER 10 CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION
- Cloud Types
- Layer Clouds
- Heap Clouds
- Cloud Amounts, Base and Tops
- Cloud Formation
- Turbulence Cloud
- Convection
- Advection
- Orographic Lifting
- Frontal Lifting
- Convergence
- Convective Instability
- Precipitation
- CHAPTER 11 LOW LEVEL WINDS
- Surface Wind Forces
- Geostrophic Wind
- Gradient Wind
- Cyclostrophic Wind
- Wind in the Friction Layer
- Diurnal Variation of the Surface Wind
- Sea Breezes
- Practical Effects
- Katabatic/Anabatic Winds
- Fohn Wind
- Valley or Ravine Wind
- Low Level Jets
- Trade Winds and Monsoons
- CHAPTER 12 VISIBILITY
- Surface
- Flight and Oblique Visibility
- Hill Fog
- Radiation Fog
- Advection Fog
- Steaming Fog
- Frontal Fog
- Visibility from the Air
- Visual Illusions
- Approaching to Land with a Shallow Fog Layer
- Visibility with a Deep Haze Layer
- Runway Visual Range
- Optical Phenomena
- Halo
- Corona
- Brocken Spectre
- Mirage
- Aurora Borealis
- Effect of Ice Fog
- Green Water
- Blue Jets, Sprites and Elves
- CHAPTER 13 AIR MASSES AND FRONTS
- Air Masses Affecting UK and Europe
- Polar Maritime
- Polar Continental
- Tropical Continental
- Tropical Maritime
- Arctic
- Returning Polar Maritime
- Fronts
- Intertropical Convergence Zone
- Mediterranean Front
- Polar Front
- Arctic Front
- Frontal Factors
- Minor Fronts
- Cold Front
- Warm Front
- Other Fronts
- CHAPTER 14 DEPRESSIONS
- Polar Front Depressions
- Movement of Polar Front Depressions
- Weather with Passage of a Polar Front Low
- Occlusions
- Occlusion Weather
- Back Bent Occlusions
- Time Periods
- Southern Hemisphere
- Orographic Depressions
- Thermal Depressions
- Dust Devils
- Polar Air Depressions
- Thermal Lows Over Land in Mid-Latitudes
- Thermal Lows over Inland Seas
- Thermal Lows over Land in Low Latitudes
- Thermal Lows over Sea in Low Latitudes: The Tropical Cyclones
- Easterly Waves
- CHAPTER 15 UPPER WINDS
- Upper Level Pressure Systems
- Constant Pressure Charts/Contour Charts
- Wind Finding
- Radiosonde
- Thermal Wind Concept
- Thickness Charts
- Thermal Winds - Global
- Wind Charts
- Jet Streams
- Subtropical Jets
- Polar Front Jets
- Other Jet Streams
- CHAPTER 16 AVIATION HAZARDS
- Wake Turbulence
- Mountain Waves
- Rotor Streaming
- Low Level Windshear
- Inversions
- Thunderstorms/CB
- Microbursts
- Fronts
- Other Less Important Causes of Windshear
- Techniques to Counter Worse Effects
- Windshear Indicators
- Clear Air Turbulence
- Cumulonimbus - Thunderstorms
- Types of Thunderstorm
- Development
- Mature Stage
- Dissipating Stage
- Summary of Thunderstorm Hazards
- Tornadoes
- West African Tornadoes
- Airframe Icing
- Effects
- Conditions Where Icing Can Occur
- Supercooled Water Droplets
- Clear Ice
- Rime Ice
- Rain Ice
- Pack Snow
- Hoar Frost
- Factors Affecting Icing Severity
- Icing Description
- Icing Recognition
- Engine Icing
- Piston Engine Icing
- Carburettor Icing
- Turbine/Jet Engine Icing
- Tropical Cyclones
- CHAPTER 17 PRACTICAL FORECASTING FOR PILOTS
- Landing Forecasts
- Simple Route Forecasting
- Detailed Route Forecasting
- CHAPTER 18 CLIMATOLOGY
- General Circulation
- Climatic Zones
- Dominant Weather Factors
- Heat Equator
- Equatorial Trough
- ITCZ
- Monsoons
- GLOBAL FACTORS
- Temperature
- Land and Sea Surfaces
- Topography
- Sea Currents
- Upper Air Temperatures
- Tropopause Heights
- Icing Limits
- Pressure
- Surface Pressures
- Upper Level Pressures
- Wind
- Surface Winds
- Upper Winds
- Jet Streams
- Weather
- Average Cloud Amounts
- Precipitation
- Thunderstorms
- Visibility
- CLIMATE IN ROUTE AREAS
- Africa
- North America
- Atlantic North
- Atlantic South/South America
- Arabian Gulf Region
- Bangladesh/Burma/Malaysia/Thailand
- Northern Europe and the Mediterranean
- India/Pakistan
- North Polar Area
- North Pacific and the Rim
- South Pacific and the Rim
- Russia and the Adjacent Republics
- CHAPTER 19 SATELLITE WEATHER PICTURE INTERPRETATION AND USE OF AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR
- Meteostat
- Visual Imagery
- Infra-Red Images
- Cloud Images Over Sea Surfaces
- Weather Images
- Other Data
- Airborne Weather Radar Equipment
- Display System
- Display Interpretation
- APPENDICES
- 'A' Station Circle Decode of Figures and Symbols
- 'B' Decode of Symbols used in Climatology Figures at CHAPTER 18
- 'C' El Nino: La Nina
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