
Language Teaching
Description
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Content
- Intro
- CONTENTS
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- 1 - INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
- The Form/Function Divide
- Mentalist/Internal and Interactionist/External
- Linguistic vs Metalinguistic
- HOW DOES LANGUAGE DEVELOP?
- Nature vs Nurture?
- Native First Language Development and Adult Second Language Development
- What are the Implications for Language Learning and Teaching?
- OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- 2 - HISTORICAL OVERVIEW - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING
- INTRODUCTION
- LANGUAGE TEACHING: SHIFTS IN UNDERLYING AIMS AND BELIEFS
- MODERN FOUNDATIONS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING
- EARLY APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE TEACHING
- SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND LANGUAGE TEACHING
- CONCLUSION
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- 3 - LANGUAGE AS A BIOLOGICAL PROPERTY
- LANGUAGE: A GENERATIVE VIEW
- NATIVE LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- SECOND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- The Current Gap between Theoretical and Applied Linguistics
- Early Findings: Systematic Development
- UG-Constrained Development
- Instructed L2 Development
- Age and Language Development
- Differences by Linguistic Domains in Second Language Development
- CONCLUSION: WHAT A COMPLETE THEORY OF SLA NEEDS TO EXPLAIN
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- 4 - LANGUAGE AS A TOOL FOR COMMUNICATION
- INTRODUCTION
- THE NOTION OF COMPETENCE
- ACCOUNTING FOR MEANING: A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
- ACCOUNTING FOR SOCIAL CONTEXT: A SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH
- ACCOUNTING FOR EXPLICIT, PROCEDURAL LEARNING: A COGNITIVE APPROACH
- ONE COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK: MOGUL
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- 5 - IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING
- IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CLASSROOM
- OBSERVATION 1: EXPOSURE TO INPUT IS NECESSARY FOR SLA
- OBSERVATION 2: A GOOD DEAL OF SLA HAPPENS INCIDENTALLY
- OBSERVATION 3: LEARNERS COME TO KNOW MORE THAN WHAT THEY HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO IN THE INPUT
- OBSERVATION 4: LEARNERS' OUTPUT (SPEECH) OFTEN FOLLOWS PREDICTABLE PATHS WITH PREDICTABLE STAGES IN THE ACQUISITION OF A GIVEN STRUCTURE
- OBSERVATION 5: SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING IS VARIABLE IN ITS OUTCOME
- OBSERVATION 6: SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING IS VARIABLE ACROSS LINGUISTIC SUBSYSTEMS
- OBSERVATION 7: THERE ARE LIMITS ON THE EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY ON SLA
- OBSERVATION 8: THERE ARE LIMITS ON THE EFFECT OF A LEARNER'S FIRST LANGUAGE ON SLA
- OBSERVATION 9: THERE ARE LIMITS ON THE EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTION ON SLA
- OBSERVATION 10: THERE ARE LIMITS ON THE EFFECTS OF OUTPUT (LEARNER PRODUCTION) ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
- CONCLUSION
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- 6 - APPROACHES TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
- INTRODUCTION
- 'DESIGNER' APPROACHES
- CURRENT TREND: COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING
- POST-METHODS ERA
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- 7 - PUTTING THEORY INTO PRACTICE
- INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT
- A POST-METHODS LESSON PLAN
- DISCUSSION OF THE POST-METHODS LESSON
- Form and Function
- Providing Input and Fostering Output
- Accounting for Interlanguage Development
- Deciding What to Teach (and What Not to Teach)
- CONCLUSION
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- 8 - PRACTICE AND PRACTICES - RESPONDING TO STUDENT NEEDS
- INTRODUCTION
- LOW-LEVEL ADULT ESL LEARNERS
- ADVANCED-LEVEL ADULT EAP LEARNERS
- YOUNG LEARNERS
- THE GLOBAL CONTEXT: ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA
- CONCLUSION
- FOR DISCUSSION
- NOTES
- GLOSSARY
- REFERENCES
- INDEX
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