CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Exam Cram
6th Edition
Published on 15. March 2021
752 pages
978-0-13-679868-2 (ISBN)
Description
Prepare for CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 exam success with this Exam Cram from Pearson IT Certification, a leader in IT certification.
This is the eBook edition of the CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Exam Cram, Sixth Edition. This eBook does not include access to the Pearson Test Prep practice exams that comes with the print edition.
CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Exam Cram, Sixth Edition, is the perfect study guide to help you pass the newly updated version of the CompTIA Security+ exam. It provides coverage and practice questions for every exam topic. Extensive prep tools include quizzes, Exam Alerts, and our essential last-minute review Cram Sheet.
Covers the critical information you'll need to know to score higher on your Security+ SY0-601 exam!
Assess the different types of threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities organizations face
Understand security concepts across traditional, cloud, mobile, and IoT environments
Explain and implement security controls across multiple environments
Identify, analyze, and respond to operational needs and security incidents
Understand and explain the relevance of concepts related to governance, risk and compliance
This is the eBook edition of the CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Exam Cram, Sixth Edition. This eBook does not include access to the Pearson Test Prep practice exams that comes with the print edition.
CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Exam Cram, Sixth Edition, is the perfect study guide to help you pass the newly updated version of the CompTIA Security+ exam. It provides coverage and practice questions for every exam topic. Extensive prep tools include quizzes, Exam Alerts, and our essential last-minute review Cram Sheet.
Covers the critical information you'll need to know to score higher on your Security+ SY0-601 exam!
Assess the different types of threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities organizations face
Understand security concepts across traditional, cloud, mobile, and IoT environments
Explain and implement security controls across multiple environments
Identify, analyze, and respond to operational needs and security incidents
Understand and explain the relevance of concepts related to governance, risk and compliance
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Edition
6th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
Upper Saddle River
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
File size
6,16 MB
ISBN-13
978-0-13-679868-2 (9780136798682)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Martin Weiss | Martin M. Weiss
CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Exam Cram
Book
01/2021
6th Edition
Pearson IT Certification
€41.72
Shipment within 15-20 days
Person
Marty M. Weiss has spent most of his career in information security and risk management, helping large organizations. Marty holds a bachelor of science degree in computer studies from the University of Maryland University College and an MBA from the Isenberg School of Management at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He holds several certifications, including CISSP, CISA, and Security+. Marty has authored and coauthored more than a half-dozen books on information technology, many that have been described as riveting and Dostoevsky-esque in reviews by his mother. A Florida native, he now lives in New England.
Content
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Part I: Attacks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities 1
CHAPTER 1: Social Engineering Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Social Engineer.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Phishing and Related Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Principles of Influence (Reasons for Effectiveness). . . . . . . . 10
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
CHAPTER 2: Attack Basics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Malware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Physical Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Adversarial Artificial Intelligence (AI).. . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Password Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Downgrade Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
CHAPTER 3: Application Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Race Conditions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Improper Software Handling.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Resource Exhaustion.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Overflows.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Code Injections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Driver Manipulation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Request Forgeries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Directory Traversal.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Replay Attack.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Stripping.. . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Application Programming Interface (API) Attacks.. . . . . . . . 47
Pass-the-Hash Attack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
CHAPTER 4: Network Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Wireless. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
On-Path Attack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Layer 2 Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Domain Name System (DNS) Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Denial of Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Malicious Code and Script Execution.. . . . . . . . . . . . 68
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CHAPTER 5: Threat Actors, Vectors, and Intelligence Sources. . . . . . . . . . 73
Threat Actor Attributes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Threat Actor Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Vectors.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Threat Intelligence and Research Sources.. . . . . . . . . . . 81
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
CHAPTER 6: Vulnerabilities.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Cloud-Based vs. On-Premises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Zero-Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Weak Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Third-Party Risks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Impacts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
CHAPTER 7: Security Assessment Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Vulnerability Scans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Threat Assessment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
CHAPTER 8: Penetration Testing Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Testing Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Team Exercises.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Part II: Architecture and Design 121
CHAPTER 9: Enterprise Security Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Configuration Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Data Confidentiality.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Deception and Disruption.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
CHAPTER 10: Virtualization and Cloud Computing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Virtualization.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
On-Premises vs. Off-Premises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Cloud Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
CHAPTER 11: Secure Application Development, Deployment, and Automation.. . . . 165
Application Environment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Integrity Measurement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Change Management and Version Control.. . . . . . . . . . . 169
Secure Coding Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Automation and Scripting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Scalability and Elasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
CHAPTER 12: Authentication and Authorization Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Identification and Authentication, Authorization, and
Accounting (AAA).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Multifactor Authentication.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Single Sign-on.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Authentication Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
CHAPTER 13: Cybersecurity Resilience.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Redundancy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Backups.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Defense in Depth.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
CHAPTER 14: Embedded and Specialized Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Embedded Systems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
SCADA and ICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Smart Devices and IoT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
CHAPTER 15: Physical Security Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Perimeter Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Internal Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Equipment Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Environmental Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Secure Data Destruction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
CHAPTER 16: Cryptographic Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Cryptosystems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Use of Proven Technologies and Implementation.. . . . . . . . 272
Steganography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Cryptography Use Cases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Cryptography Constraints.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Part III: Implementation 279
CHAPTER 17: Secure Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Secure Web Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Secure File Transfer Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Secure Email Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Secure Internet Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Secure Protocol Use Cases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
CHAPTER 18: Host and Application Security Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Endpoint Protection.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Firewalls and HIPS/HIDS Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . 308
Anti-Malware and Other Host Protections. . . . . . . . . 310
Application Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Hardware and Firmware Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Operating System Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
CHAPTER 19: Secure Network Design.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Network Devices and Segmentation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Security Devices and Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
CHAPTER 20: Wireless Security Settings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Access Methods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Wireless Cryptographic Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Authentication Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Wireless Access Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
CHAPTER 21: Secure Mobile Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Communication Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Mobile Device Management Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Enforcement and Monitoring.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Deployment Models.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
CHAPTER 22: Cloud Cybersecurity Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Cloud Workloads.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Third-Party Cloud Security Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . 428
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
CHAPTER 23: Identity and Account Management Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . 433
Account Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Account Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Account Policy Enforcement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
CHAPTER 24: Authentication and Authorization Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Authentication.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Access Control.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
CHAPTER 25: Public Key Infrastructure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Part IV: Operations and Incident Response 491
CHAPTER 26: Organizational Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Shell and Script Environments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Network Reconnaissance and Discovery. . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Packet Capture and Replay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Password Crackers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Forensics and Data Sanitization.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
CHAPTER 27: Incident Response.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Attack Frameworks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Incident Response Plan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
Incident Response Process.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Continuity and Recovery Plans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
CHAPTER 28: Incident Investigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
SIEM Dashboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Network Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
CHAPTER 29: Incident Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Containment and Eradication.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
CHAPTER 30: Digital Forensics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Data Breach Notifications.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Strategic Intelligence/Counterintelligence Gathering. . . . . . . 554
Track Person-hours.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Order of Volatility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Chain of Custody.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Data Acquisition.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Capture System Images.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Capture Network Traffic and Logs.. . . . . . . . . . . 560
Capture Video and Photographs.. . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Record Time Offset.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Take Hashes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Capture Screenshots.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Collect Witness Interviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Part V: Governance, Risk, and Compliance 567
CHAPTER 31: Control Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Nature of Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Functional Use of Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Compensating Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
CHAPTER 32: Regulations, Standards, and Frameworks.. . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Industry-Standard Frameworks and Reference Architectures. . . . . 575
Benchmarks and Secure Configuration Guides.. . . . . . . . . 579
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
CHAPTER 33: Organizational Security Policies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Policy Framework.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Human Resource Management Policies.. . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Third-Party Risk Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
CHAPTER 34: Risk Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Risk Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Risk Assessment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
Business Impact Analysis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
CHAPTER 35: Sensitive Data and Privacy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Sensitive Data Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Privacy Impact Assessment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Glossary of Essential Terms and Components.. . . . . . . . . . . . 625
9780136798675, TOC, 10/9/2020
Part I: Attacks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities 1
CHAPTER 1: Social Engineering Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Social Engineer.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Phishing and Related Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Principles of Influence (Reasons for Effectiveness). . . . . . . . 10
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
CHAPTER 2: Attack Basics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Malware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Physical Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Adversarial Artificial Intelligence (AI).. . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Password Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Downgrade Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
CHAPTER 3: Application Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Race Conditions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Improper Software Handling.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Resource Exhaustion.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Overflows.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Code Injections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Driver Manipulation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Request Forgeries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Directory Traversal.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Replay Attack.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Stripping.. . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Application Programming Interface (API) Attacks.. . . . . . . . 47
Pass-the-Hash Attack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
CHAPTER 4: Network Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Wireless. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
On-Path Attack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Layer 2 Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Domain Name System (DNS) Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Denial of Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Malicious Code and Script Execution.. . . . . . . . . . . . 68
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CHAPTER 5: Threat Actors, Vectors, and Intelligence Sources. . . . . . . . . . 73
Threat Actor Attributes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Threat Actor Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Vectors.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Threat Intelligence and Research Sources.. . . . . . . . . . . 81
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
CHAPTER 6: Vulnerabilities.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Cloud-Based vs. On-Premises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Zero-Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Weak Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Third-Party Risks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Impacts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
CHAPTER 7: Security Assessment Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Vulnerability Scans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Threat Assessment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
CHAPTER 8: Penetration Testing Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Testing Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Team Exercises.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Part II: Architecture and Design 121
CHAPTER 9: Enterprise Security Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Configuration Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Data Confidentiality.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Deception and Disruption.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
CHAPTER 10: Virtualization and Cloud Computing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Virtualization.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
On-Premises vs. Off-Premises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Cloud Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
CHAPTER 11: Secure Application Development, Deployment, and Automation.. . . . 165
Application Environment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Integrity Measurement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Change Management and Version Control.. . . . . . . . . . . 169
Secure Coding Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Automation and Scripting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Scalability and Elasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
CHAPTER 12: Authentication and Authorization Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Identification and Authentication, Authorization, and
Accounting (AAA).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Multifactor Authentication.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Single Sign-on.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Authentication Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
CHAPTER 13: Cybersecurity Resilience.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Redundancy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Backups.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Defense in Depth.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
CHAPTER 14: Embedded and Specialized Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Embedded Systems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
SCADA and ICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Smart Devices and IoT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
CHAPTER 15: Physical Security Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Perimeter Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Internal Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Equipment Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Environmental Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Secure Data Destruction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
CHAPTER 16: Cryptographic Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Cryptosystems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Use of Proven Technologies and Implementation.. . . . . . . . 272
Steganography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Cryptography Use Cases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Cryptography Constraints.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Part III: Implementation 279
CHAPTER 17: Secure Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Secure Web Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Secure File Transfer Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Secure Email Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Secure Internet Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Secure Protocol Use Cases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
CHAPTER 18: Host and Application Security Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Endpoint Protection.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Firewalls and HIPS/HIDS Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . 308
Anti-Malware and Other Host Protections. . . . . . . . . 310
Application Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Hardware and Firmware Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Operating System Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
CHAPTER 19: Secure Network Design.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Network Devices and Segmentation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Security Devices and Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
CHAPTER 20: Wireless Security Settings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Access Methods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Wireless Cryptographic Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Authentication Protocols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Wireless Access Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
CHAPTER 21: Secure Mobile Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Communication Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Mobile Device Management Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Enforcement and Monitoring.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Deployment Models.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
CHAPTER 22: Cloud Cybersecurity Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Cloud Workloads.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Third-Party Cloud Security Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . 428
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
CHAPTER 23: Identity and Account Management Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . 433
Account Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Account Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Account Policy Enforcement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
CHAPTER 24: Authentication and Authorization Solutions.. . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Authentication.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Access Control.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
CHAPTER 25: Public Key Infrastructure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Part IV: Operations and Incident Response 491
CHAPTER 26: Organizational Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Shell and Script Environments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Network Reconnaissance and Discovery. . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Packet Capture and Replay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Password Crackers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Forensics and Data Sanitization.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
CHAPTER 27: Incident Response.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Attack Frameworks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Incident Response Plan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
Incident Response Process.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Continuity and Recovery Plans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
CHAPTER 28: Incident Investigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
SIEM Dashboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Network Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
CHAPTER 29: Incident Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Containment and Eradication.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
CHAPTER 30: Digital Forensics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Data Breach Notifications.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Strategic Intelligence/Counterintelligence Gathering. . . . . . . 554
Track Person-hours.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Order of Volatility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Chain of Custody.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Data Acquisition.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Capture System Images.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Capture Network Traffic and Logs.. . . . . . . . . . . 560
Capture Video and Photographs.. . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Record Time Offset.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Take Hashes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Capture Screenshots.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Collect Witness Interviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Part V: Governance, Risk, and Compliance 567
CHAPTER 31: Control Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Nature of Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Functional Use of Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Compensating Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
CHAPTER 32: Regulations, Standards, and Frameworks.. . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Industry-Standard Frameworks and Reference Architectures. . . . . 575
Benchmarks and Secure Configuration Guides.. . . . . . . . . 579
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
CHAPTER 33: Organizational Security Policies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Policy Framework.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Human Resource Management Policies.. . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Third-Party Risk Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
CHAPTER 34: Risk Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Risk Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Risk Assessment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
Business Impact Analysis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
CHAPTER 35: Sensitive Data and Privacy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Sensitive Data Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Privacy Impact Assessment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
What Next?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Glossary of Essential Terms and Components.. . . . . . . . . . . . 625
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