Biomedical Optics
Principles and Imaging
1st Edition
Published on 26. September 2012
376 pages
978-0-470-17700-6 (ISBN)
Description
This entry-level textbook, covering the area of tissue optics, is based on the lecture notes for a graduate course (Bio-optical Imaging) that has been taught six times by the authors at Texas A&M University. After the fundamentals of photon transport in biological tissues are established, various optical imaging techniques for biological tissues are covered. The imaging modalities include ballistic imaging, quasi-ballistic imaging (optical coherence tomography), diffusion imaging, and ultrasound-aided hybrid imaging. The basic physics and engineering of each imaging technique are emphasized.
Lihong V. Wang, PhD, is Gene K. Beare Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Director of the Optical Imaging Laboratory at Washington University in St. Louis. Dr. Wang is Chair of the International Biomedical Optics Society. His?Monte Carlo model of photon transport in biological tissues has been used worldwide. He has published more than 120 peer-reviewed journal articles and patents.
A solutions manual is available for instructors; to obtain a copy please email the editorial department at ialine@wiley.com.
Lihong V. Wang, PhD, is Gene K. Beare Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Director of the Optical Imaging Laboratory at Washington University in St. Louis. Dr. Wang is Chair of the International Biomedical Optics Society. His?Monte Carlo model of photon transport in biological tissues has been used worldwide. He has published more than 120 peer-reviewed journal articles and patents.
HSIN-I WU, PhD, is Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M University. He has published more than fifty peer-reviewed journal articles. Dr. Wu was a senior Fulbright scholar and is listed in Outstanding Educators of America. He serves on the Editorial Advisory Board of Biocomplexity and the Editorial Board of BioMedical Engineering OnLine.
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Content
- Intro
- Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging
- Contents
- Preface
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Motivation for Optical Imaging
- 1.2. General Behavior of Light in Biological Tissue
- 1.3. Basic Physics of Light-Matter Interaction
- 1.4. Absorption and its Biological Origins
- 1.5. Scattering and its Biological Origins
- 1.6. Polarization and its Biological Origins
- 1.7. Fluorescence and its Biological Origins
- 1.8. Image Characterization
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 2. Rayleigh Theory and Mie Theory for a Single Scatterer
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Summary of Rayleigh Theory
- 2.3. Numerical Example of Rayleigh Theory
- 2.4. Summary of Mie Theory
- 2.5. Numerical Example of Mie Theory
- Appendix 2A. Derivation of Rayleigh Theory
- Appendix 2B. Derivation of Mie Theory
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 3. Monte Carlo Modeling of Photon Transport in Biological Tissue
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Monte Carlo Method
- 3.3. Definition of Problem
- 3.4. Propagation of Photons
- 3.5. Physical Quantities
- 3.6. Computational Examples
- Appendix 3A. Summary of MCML
- Appendix 3B. Probability Density Function
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 4. Convolution for Broadbeam Responses
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. General Formulation of Convolution
- 4.3. Convolution over a Gaussian Beam
- 4.4. Convolution over a Top-Hat Beam
- 4.5. Numerical Solution to Convolution
- 4.6. Computational Examples
- Appendix 4A. Summary of CONV
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 5. Radiative Transfer Equation and Diffusion Theory
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Definitions of Physical Quantities
- 5.3. Derivation of Radiative Transport Equation
- 5.4. Diffusion Theory
- 5.5. Boundary Conditions
- 5.6. Diffuse Reflectance
- 5.7. Photon Propagation Regimes
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 6. Hybrid Model of Monte Carlo Method and Diffusion Theory
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Definition of Problem
- 6.3. Diffusion Theory
- 6.4. Hybrid Model
- 6.5. Numerical Computation
- 6.6. Computational Examples
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 7. Sensing of Optical Properties and Spectroscopy
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Collimated Transmission Method
- 7.3. Spectrophotometry
- 7.4. Oblique-Incidence Reflectometry
- 7.5. White-Light Spectroscopy
- 7.6. Time-Resolved Measurement
- 7.7. Fluorescence Spectroscopy
- 7.8. Fluorescence Modeling
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 8. Ballistic Imaging and Microscopy
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Characteristics of Ballistic Light
- 8.3. Time-Gated Imaging
- 8.4. Spatiofrequency-Filtered Imaging
- 8.5. Polarization-Difference Imaging
- 8.6. Coherence-Gated Holographic Imaging
- 8.7. Optical Heterodyne Imaging
- 8.8. Radon Transformation and Computed Tomography
- 8.9. Confocal Microscopy
- 8.10. Two-Photon Microscopy
- Appendix 8A. Holography
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 9. Optical Coherence Tomography
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Michelson Interferometry
- 9.3. Coherence Length and Coherence Time
- 9.4. Time-Domain OCT
- 9.5. Fourier-Domain Rapid-Scanning Optical Delay Line
- 9.6. Fourier-Domain OCT
- 9.7. Doppler OCT
- 9.8. Group Velocity Dispersion
- 9.9. Monte Carlo Modeling of OCT
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 10. Mueller Optical Coherence Tomography
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Mueller Calculus versus Jones Calculus
- 10.3. Polarization State
- 10.4. Stokes Vector
- 10.5. Mueller Matrix
- 10.6. Mueller Matrices for a Rotator, a Polarizer, and a Retarder
- 10.7. Measurement of Mueller Matrix
- 10.8. Jones Vector
- 10.9. Jones Matrix
- 10.10. Jones Matrices for a Rotator, a Polarizer, and a Retarder
- 10.11. Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues of Jones Matrix
- 10.12. Conversion from Jones Calculus to Mueller Calculus
- 10.13. Degree of Polarization in OCT
- 10.14. Serial Mueller OCT
- 10.15. Parallel Mueller OCT
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 11. Diffuse Optical Tomography
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Modes of Diffuse Optical Tomography
- 11.3. Time-Domain System
- 11.4. Direct-Current System
- 11.5. Frequency-Domain System
- 11.6. Frequency-Domain Theory: Basics
- 11.7. Frequency-Domain Theory: Linear Image Reconstruction
- 11.8. Frequency-Domain Theory: General Image Reconstruction
- Appendix 11 A. ART and SIRT
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 12. Photoacoustic Tomography
- 12.1. Introduction
- 12.2. Motivation for Photoacoustic Tomography
- 12.3. Initial Photoacoustic Pressure
- 12.4. General Photoacoustic Equation
- 12.5. General Forward Solution
- 12.6. Delta-Pulse Excitation of a Slab
- 12.7. Delta-Pulse Excitation of a Sphere
- 12.8. Finite-Duration Pulse Excitation of a Thin Slab
- 12.9. Finite-Duration Pulse Excitation of a Small Sphere
- 12.10. Dark-Field Confocal Photoacoustic Microscopy
- 12.11. Synthetic Aperture Image Reconstruction
- 12.12. General Image Reconstruction
- Appendix 12A. Derivation of Acoustic Wave Equation
- Appendix 12B. Green Function Approach
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- 13. Ultrasound-Modulated Optical Tomography
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Mechanisms of Ultrasonic Modulation of Coherent Light
- 13.3. Time-Resolved Frequency-Swept UOT
- 13.4. Frequency-Swept UOT with Parallel-Speckle Detection
- 13.5. Ultrasonically Modulated Virtual Optical Source
- 13.6. Reconstruction-Based UOT
- 13.7. UOT with Fabry-Perot Interferometry
- Problems
- Reading
- Further Reading
- Appendix A. Definitions of Optical Properties
- Appendix B. List of Acronyms
- Index
