Developmental Influences on Adult Intelligence The Seattle longitudinal study
The Seattle Longitudinal Study
1st Edition
Published on 24. February 2005
507 pages
978-0-19-803560-2 (ISBN)
Description
In Developmental Influences on Adult Intelligence, Warner Schaie lays out the reasons why we should continue to study cognitive development in adulthood, and presents the history, latest data, and results from the Seattle Longitudinal Study (SLS), which now extends to over 45 years. From his work on the SLS, Schaie derived a conceptual model that he presents in this volume. The model represents his view on what influences cognitive development throughout the lifespan, and provides a rationale for the various influences that he investigated - genetic factors, early and current family environment, life styles, the experience of chronic disease, and various personality attributes. The data in this volume include the 1998 longitudinal cycle of the SLS. In light of both new data and revised analyses, psychometric and neuropsychological assessments have been linked in long-term data to aid in the early identification of risk for dementia in later life. Schaie also presents new data and conclusions on the impact of personality on cognition.
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- 1. Introduction and Preview
- Origin of the Seattle Longitudinal Study
- Some Caveats
- Why Study Intelligence in Adulthood?
- A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Adult Intellectual Development
- History of the Seattle Longitudinal Study
- Objectives of the Seattle Longitudinal Study
- Plan for the Volume
- Chapter Summary
- 2. Methodological Issues
- Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data
- Threats to the Internal and External Validity of Developmental Studies
- Structural Equivalence
- The Differentiation-Dedifferentiation Hypothesis
- The Role of Postdiction in Longitudinal Studies
- Chapter Summary
- 3. The Database
- The Participant Population
- Characteristics of the Base Population
- The Measurement Battery
- Chapter Summary
- 4. Cross-Sectional Studies
- The Pilot Studies
- The 1956 Baseline Study
- Cross-Sectional Replications
- Practical Intelligence Data
- Chapter Summary
- 5. Longitudinal Studies
- Basic Cognitive Data
- Expanded Cognitive Data
- Practical Intelligence Data
- Cognitive Style Data
- Chapter Summary
- 6. Studies of Cohort and Period Differences
- Studies of Cohort Differences
- Studies of Period (Time-of-Measurement) Differences
- Interpretation and Application of Period Effect Estimates
- Chapter Summary
- 7. Intervention Studies
- Remediation Versus New Learning
- The 1983-1984 Cognitive Training Study
- Replication of Cognitive Training Effects
- Maintenance of Training
- The Role of Strategy Use in Training Success
- Chapter Summary
- 8. Methodological Studies
- Changing From Sampling Without Replacement to Sampling With Replacement (1974 Collateral Study)
- The Aging of Tests (1975 Study)
- Effects of Monetary Incentives
- Effects of Experimental Mortality: The Problem of Participant Attrition
- Effects of Practice in Repeated Testing
- Controlling for Effects of Attrition and Practice by an Independent Random Sampling Design
- Structural Equivalence
- Chapter Summary
- 9. The Relationship Between Cognitive Styles and Intellectual Functioning
- Does Flexibility-Rigidity Represent an Independent Domain?
- Does Rigidity-Flexibility Affect the Maintenance of Intellectual Abilities Into Old Age?
- Relationships Between the Latent Ability Constructs and the Cognitive Style Measures
- Chapter Summary
- 10. Health and Maintenance of Intellectual Functioning
- The Analysis of Health Histories
- Age and Health Histories
- Diseases That Affect Maintenance of Cognitive Functioning
- More Comprehensive Analyses of the Effects of Disease on Cognition
- The Study of Health Behaviors
- Intellectual Functioning as a Predictor of Physical Health
- Effects of Social Support on Illness
- Effects of Cognition on Medication Use
- Cognitive Decline and the Prediction of Mortality
- Chapter Summary
- 11. Lifestyle Variables That Affect Intellectual Functioning
- Lifestyle Characteristics and Cognitive Functioning: Initial Analyses
- Lifestyle Characteristics and Cognitive Functioning: More Recent Analyses
- Family Similarity in Lifestyle Characteristics
- Effects of Work Characteristics and Retirement Status on Cognitive Functioning
- Chapter Summary
- 12. The Sequential Study of Personality Traits and Attitudes
- Social Responsibility
- Other Personality Traits
- The NEO Personality Inventory
- Depression in Old Age
- Chapter Summary
- 13. Influences of Personality on Cognition
- Studying the Relation Between Personality and Cognition
- Concurrent Relationships
- Longitudinal Relationships
- Chapter Summary
- 14. Family Studies of Intellectual Abilities in Adulthood
- Married Couples
- Relevance of the Seattle Longitudinal Study to Developmental Behavior Genetics
- Parents and Adult Offspring
- Adult Siblings
- Chapter Summary
- 15. Subjective Perceptions of Cognitive Change
- Perception of Cognitive Change Over Seven Years
- Stability of Congruence Types
- Perception of Short-Term Cognitive Change and of Training Effects
- Chapter Summary
- 16. Influences of Family Environment on Cognition
- The Measurement of Family Environments
- Influences of Family Environment on Cognition
- Chapter Summary
- 17. The Role of Longitudinal Studies in the Early Detection of Dementia
- Genetic Markers of Dementia
- Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia in a Community-Dwelling Sample
- Projecting the CERAD Battery Into the Primary Mental Abilities Construct Space
- The Postdiction of Neuropsychology Measures From the Primary Mental Ability Scores
- Predicting Risk of Dementia From Young Adulthood and Middle Age Primary Mental Ability Assessments
- Chapter Summary
- 18. Summary and Conclusions
- The Course of Adult Intellectual Development
- Methodological Advances in the Seattle Longitudinal Study
- Family Similarity in Adult Intellectual Development
- The Role of Personality and Lifestyle Characteristics
- Early Detection of Risk for Dementia
- Relationship of the Empirical Data to the Conceptual Model
- What We Still Need to Learn
- Some Final Words
- Appendix
- References
- Author Index
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- Subject Index
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