
Phonological Development
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Reviews / Votes
"This open-minded, comprehensive overview of the intersectingcomponents of phonological development is a masterpiece that shouldshape new directions of research for many years to come. Vihmanelucidates the many underlying assumptions, some in conflict withone another, that have guided research on phonological development,and lays out clearly the relevance of individual variability invery young children. Vihman's work will cause researchers inthe disparate areas of perception, production, word learning,variation, and phonological universals to be informed by eachother's results, potentially revolutionizing ourunderstanding of phonological development." -Sharon Inkelas, University of California, Berkeley "Phonological Development: The First Two Years (Second Edition)is essential reading and a primary text for all specialists andstudents in language development as well as those interested inphonological development in particular. It provides in-depth andup-to-date coverage of all areas of research relevant tounderstanding phonological development, with comprehensive reviewsof both empirical findings and theoretical frameworks. An emphasisis made on the need to relate the development of perception andproduction, and the study of phonological development to broaderareas of language acquisition. Besides eleven chapters, it alsocontains valuable appendices on protowords and template analyses.To my knowledge it is the most thorough and important book on thistopic to date." -David Ingram, Arizona State University "Marilyn Vihman's work unfolds on the center court ofchild phonology research. This book gives a broad and insightfulaccount of this complex topic--a treatment that is likely toserve, for a long time, as an indispensable reference on the earlystages of learning to speak." -Björn Lindblom,Stockholm University "This eagerly awaited second edition masterfully updatesVihman's review of research on earlier themes as well as on severalnew themes, much of which attests to the profound inspiration ofthe seminal first edition." -Mary Beckman, OhioState UniversityMore details
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Content
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Note on Second Edition
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Biological Foundations of Language Development
- Chomsky and the origins of the LAD and UG
- Analysis of an argument
- The course of language development
- Alternative approaches to Chomskyan biological foundations
- Phonological Development: Goals and Challenges
- Phonetics and phonology
- The interaction of perception and production
- Cross-linguistic perspectives
- The significance of individual differences
- Methodologies: Data sources and theoretical perspectives
- Overview
- Chapter 2 Precursors to Language: The First 18 Months of Life
- The Development of Linguistic Form and Function
- 1 Early Capacities: Birth to 2 Months
- (a) The child as experiencer and communicator
- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer
- (c) Linked form and function
- 2 Early Capacities: 2 to 4 Months
- (a) The child as experiencer and communicator
- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer
- (c) Linked form and function
- 3 Early Capacities: 4 to 6 Months
- (a) The child as experiencer and actor
- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer
- 4 First Advances: 6 to 9 Months
- (a) The child as experiencer and actor
- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer
- Attainments of the first 9 months
- 5 Bringing the Strands Together: 9 to 12 Months
- (a) The child as experiencer and communicator
- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer
- (c) Linked form and function
- 6 Transition to Language use: 12 to 18 Months
- (a) The child as experiencer/communicator
- (b) The child as listener/speaker
- (c) The child as both experiencer/communicator and listener/speaker
- Learning Mechanisms
- Distributional or statistical learning
- Lexical or symbolic (categorical) learning ('explicit' or 'declarative')
- Summary: Precursors and the Transition to Language
- Chapter 3 Development in Perception: Early Capacities, Rapid Change
- Issues that Motivated the Study of Infant Speech Perception
- Problems posed by speech perception
- Categorical perception
- Methods Used to Study Infant Speech Perception
- Discrimination: Infant Capacities
- Mechanisms Underlying Infant Perception
- Discrimination of speech vs. non-speech signals
- Speech perception by humans vs. other animals
- Within-category discrimination
- Developmental Change in Perception
- Discrimination of non-native contrasts
- What is the role of experience?
- 'Perceptual Narrowing': Models of Developmental Change
- Perceptual assimilation model
- A mechanism for perceptual narrowing
- Developmental change in vowel perception
- Cross-Modal Perception
- Mirror neurons
- Summary: The Infant Listener-From Universal to Particular
- Chapter 4 Infant Vocal Production
- Early Vocal Production
- Contemporary models: Goals and methods
- The first six months: Stage models
- The infant vocal tract
- The vocal substrate of speech
- The Social Context, I: Precanonical Period
- The Emergence of Adult-Like Syllables
- Rhythmicity and silent babbling
- Canonical vs. variegated 'stages'
- Vocal development in aphonic children
- The Social Context, II: Canonical Period
- Vowel Production in the First Year
- Vocal tract changes and vowel production
- Influence from the Ambient Language
- The role of proprioception in vocal advance
- Summary: Biological and Social Foundations
- Chapter 5 Perceptual Advances in the First Year: Prosody, Segmentation and Distributional Learning
- The Role of Prosody and Infant-Directed Speech (IDS)
- Newborn experience and the role of rhythm
- The salience and ubiquity of IDS
- What aspects of IDS are salient to the infant?
- Affective and attentional functions of IDS prosody
- Prosodic Bootstrapping
- Advances in Knowledge of Accentual Patterns and Phonotactics
- Accentual patterns: English and other languages
- Phonotactic patterning
- Experimental Studies of Segmentation
- Evidence of infant ability to segment trained words from passages
- Cross-linguistic and cross-dialect attempts at replication
- The role of isolated words
- The role of production
- The role of memory
- Distributional or Statistical Learning
- Summary: Rhythms and Segmental Patterns
- Chapter 6 The Transition to Language Use
- Beginnings of Word Comprehension
- Word comprehension vs. word production
- Development of Intentional Communication
- Gesture
- Protowords
- Early words
- The role of onomatopoeia
- Referential Word Use
- Phonetic and Phonological Development
- Early word forms
- Influence from the ambient language
- Rhythm in Child Production
- Developmental studies of final syllable lengthening
- Phonological rhythm in development
- Emergence of Phonological Systematicity
- Word templates
- Summary: Continuity and Change
- Chapter 7 Experimental Studies of Word-Form Learning
- The Role of Phonology in Word Recognition and Word Learning
- The Perceptual Basis of Word Learning:How Detailed Are EarlyWord-Form Representations
- Untrained word-form recognition: Cross-linguistic differences
- Explorations of `Phonological Specificity'
- (a) Novel word-form learning: A naturalistic study
- (b)The switch paradigm
- (c) Preferential looking studies
- (d) Eye-tracking studies
- (e) Categorization studies
- Integrating the Findings
- Neurophysiological Investigation of Word Learning: Event Related Potentials
- Reorganization of the brain with lexical advance
- Establishing the onset of word-form recognition
- Relating word-form recognition to semantic processing
- Summary: Understanding the Development of Representation
- Chapter 8 Phonological Development in the Bilingual Child
- The Study of Child Bilingualism: Parental Strategy and Language Use
- 'Non-selectivity' in Adult Bilingual Processing: Implications for Children
- Speech Perception and Processing
- Language differentiation
- Vowel and consonant perception
- Stress perception
- Word-form recognition and word learning
- Processing efficiency
- Bilingual Production
- Early studies: One system or two?
- Later studies: Going beyond the 'unitary system' hypothesis
- The effects of ambient language rhythm on bilingual production
- Separate Systems with Interaction
- Summary: The Experience of the Bilingual Child
- Chapter 9 Theories, I: Formalist and Perception Models
- What is the Source of the Linguistic System?
- Some basic questions
- The First Linguistic Models
- The structuralist tradition: Jakobson
- The generative approach: Stampe and Smith
- Nonlinear phonology and principles and parameters
- Contemporary Formalist Models
- Prosodic phonology
- Optimality theory
- Contemporary Formalist Models: Critique and Appreciation
- Perception Models
- Perception Models: Critique and Appreciation
- Summary: Theory and Data in Developmental Models
- Chapter 10 Theories, II: Functionalist or Emergentist Models
- Biological Model
- Self-Organizing Models
- Dynamic systems theory
- Frame/Content model
- Lindblom's model
- Usage-Based Models
- Probabilistic phonological knowledge
- Exemplar learning
- The role of production in an emergentist framework
- Whole-Word Phonology
- Word templates: Some history
- Whole-word phonology: Some questions
- Generality of template use
- Generality of templatic patterns
- Challenges and opportunities
- Prosodic vs. segmental structure
- Typology by language
- Nature of representation
- The emergence of segments
- Linked-attractor model
- Functionalist or Emergentist Models: Critique and Appreciation
- Summary: Emergent Phonology
- Chapter 11 Conclusion
- Linking Perception and Production
- Phonological memory
- Effects of Lexical Learning and Language Use
- Appendix Data Sources
- References
- Index
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