
Ambient Intelligence, Wireless Networking, and Ubiquitous Computing
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Content
- Ambient Intelligence, Wireless Networking, and Ubiquitous Computing
- Contents vii
- Preface xvii
- Chapter 1 Ambient Intelligence: Visions and Technologies 1
- 1.1 Introduction 1
- 1.2 Basic Functions and Devices of Ambient Intelligence 3
- 1.3 The Processing Perspective 6
- 1.4 The Communication Perspective 8
- 1.5 The Software Perspective 8
- 1.6 Computational Intelligence as a Conceptual and Computing Environment of AmI 10
- 1.7 Conclusions 11
- References 11
- Chapter 2 Ambient Intelligence and Fuzzy Adaptive Embedded Agents 13
- 2.1 Introduction 13
- 2.2 Agents Meet AmI 14
- 2.3 Transparent Fuzzy Control 17
- 2.4 FML Environment Description 19
- 2.5 FML Agent Distribution 23
- 2.6 Adaptivity 26
- 2.7 Conclusions 32
- References 33
- Chapter 3 Ambient Intelligence: The MyCampus Experience
- 3.1 Introduction 35
- 3.2 Prior Work 37
- 3.4 A Semantic e-Wallet 40
- 3.5 Capturing User Preferences 46
- 3.6 Instantiating the MyCampus Infrastructure 49
- 3.7 Empirical Evaluation 54
- 3.8 Conclusions 57
- 3.9 Additional Sources of Information 58
- 3.10 Acknowledgments 58
- References 58
- Chapter 4 Physical Browsing 61
- 4.1 Introduction 61
- 4.2 Related Work 62
- 4.3 Physical Browsing Terms and Definitions 66
- 4.4 Physical Selection Methods 67
- 4.5 Physical Browsing and Context-Awareness 70
- 4.6 Visualizing Physical Hyperlinks 72
- 4.7 Implementing Physical Browsing 73
- 4.8 Demonstration Applications 75
- 4.9 Conclusion 79
- 4.10 Acknowledgments 80
- References 80
- Chapter 5 Ambient Interfaces for Distributed Workgroups: Design Challenges and Recommendations 83
- 5.1 Introduction 83
- 5.2 Ambient Displays and Ambient Interfaces 84
- 5.3 Ambient Interfaces in TOWER 86
- 5.4 User Involvement 94
- 5.5 Recommendations for the Design of Ambient Interfaces 96
- 5.6 Conclusions 100
- 5.7 Acknowledgments 100
- References 100
- Chapter 6 Expanding the Role of Wearable Computing in Business Transformation and Living
- 6.1 Introduction 103
- 6.2 Wearable Computers-History and Present Status 104
- 6.3 Wearable Computing Applications 110
- 6.4 Factors Limiting the Impact of Wearable Computers 112
- 6.5 Factors Providing Positive Feedback Loop 115
- 6.6 Middleware Components for Accelerating Transformation 117
- 6.7 Conclusions 122
- References 122
- Chapter 7 Grids for Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence 127
- 7.1 Introduction 127
- 7.2 Grid Computing 129
- 7.3 Towards Future Grids 133
- 7.4 Grids for Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence 137
- 7.5 Conclusion 140
- 7.6 Acknowledgments 140
- References 141
- Chapter 8 Peer-to-Peer Networks-Promises and Challenges 143
- 8.1 Introduction 143
- 8.2 Taxonomy of P2P Systems 145
- 8.3 P2P-The Promises 146
- 8.4 P2P-The Challenges 148
- 8.5 Unstructured P2P Systems 151
- 8.6 Structured P2P Systems 157
- 8.7 Conclusions 162
- References 163
- Chapter 9 Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks 167
- 9.1 Introduction 167
- 9.2 Communication Architecture 170
- 9.3 Design Factors 172
- 9.4 Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 173
- 9.5 IP Mobility Management in Wireless Sensor Networks 185
- 9.6 Conclusions 188
- References 189
- Chapter 10 Pose Awareness for Augmented Reality and Mobile Devices 193
- 10.1 Introduction 193
- 10.2 Notation 197
- 10.3 Fusion Framework 197
- 10.4 Kalman Filters 201
- 10.5 Camera Positioning 212
- 10.6 Determining the Pose from a Marker's Feature Points 220
- 10.7 First Experiment 223
- 10.8 Calibration 224
- 10.9 Measurements 225
- 10.10 Conclusions 233
- 10.11 Conclusions 235
- References 235
- Chapter 11 Dynamic Synthesis of Natural Human-Machine Interfaces in Ambient Intelligence Environments 237
- 11.1 Introduction 237
- 11.2 A Task Architectural Model for Ambient Intelligence 239
- 11.3 A Human-Machine Interface Functional Architecture for Ambient Intelligence 245
- 11.4 Synthesizing Natural Human-Machine Interfaces 251
- 11.5 Current Achievements and Future Perspectives 256
- 11.6 Conclusions 260
- References 260
- Chapter 12 Emotional Interfaces with Ambient Intelligence 263
- 12.1 Introduction 263
- 12.2 Background 264
- 12.3 Materials and Methods 269
- 12.4 The Data 269
- 12.5 The General Architecture 271
- 12.6 A Simulated Experiment 273
- 12.7 Current and Future Work 278
- 12.8 Conclusions 283
- References 284
- Chapter 13 A Sense of Context in Ubiquitous Computing 287
- 13.1 Introduction 287
- 13.2 Ubiquitous Computing: A Paradigm for the 21st Century 287
- 13.3 The Question of Context 289
- 13.4 Reflections on Context in Mobile Computing 290
- 13.5 Wireless Advertising 292
- 13.6 Ambient Sensors: Foundations of a Smart Environment 269
- 13.7 Conclusions 300
- References 300
- Chapter 14 Ad Hoc On-Demand Fuzzy Routing for Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 303
- 14.1 Introduction 303
- 14.2 Problem Statement 304
- 14.3 Brief Background of Fuzzy Logic 307
- 14.4 Cost Function for MANET Multiobjective Routing 308
- 14.5 Ad Hoc On-Demand Fuzzy Routing (AOFR) 312
- 14.6 Simulation Parameters 317
- 14.7 Performance Evaluation 320
- 14.8 Discussion 324
- 14.9 Conclusions 325
- References 326
- Chapter 15 Authentication and Security Protocols for Ubiquitous Wireless Networks 329
- 15.1 Introduction 329
- 15.2 System Architecture and Design Issues 330
- 15.3 Authentication Architecture for Interworking 3G/WLAN 332
- 15.4 Authentication in Wireless Security Protocols 336
- 15.5 Comparison Study of Wireless Security Protocols 339
- 15.6 Conclusions 341
- References 343
- Chapter 16 Learning in the AmI: from Web-Based Education to Ubiquitous Learning Experiences 345
- 16.1 Introduction 345
- 16.2 The Present Paradigm in Learning Technologies 346
- 16.3 The Emerging Paradigm: Mobile Learning 347
- 16.4 The Future Paradigm: Learning in the AmI 350
- 16.5 Enabling Technologies, Models, and Standards 351
- 16.6 Conclusions 356
- References 357
- Chapter 17 Meetings and Meeting Support in Ambient Intelligence 359
- 17.1 Introduction 359
- 17.2 What Are Meetings? 361
- 17.3 Technology: Mediation and Support 364
- 17.4 Projects on Meetings 371
- 17.5 Conclusions 374
- Acknowledgments 374
- References 374
- Chapter 18 Handling Uncertain Context Information in Pervasive Computing Environments 379
- 18.1 Extending Ontologies of Context with Fuzzy Logic 380
- 18.2 The Fuzzy Ontology 381
- 18.3 The Fuzzy Inference of Context 384
- 18.4 Prototype Implementation: The Event-Notification Service 396
- 18.5 Conclusions 399
- References 400
- Chapter 9 Anomaly Detection in Web Documents Using Computationally Intelligent Methods of Fuzzy-Based Clustering 401
- 19.1 Introduction 401
- 19.2 The Problem 403
- 19.3 Cosine-Based Algorithms 404
- 19.4 Fuzzy-based Global Clustering 407
- 19.5 Application: Terrorist Detection System 411
- 19.6 Conclusions 413
- Acknowledgments 414
- References 414
- Chapter 20 Intelligent Automatic Exploration of Virtual Worlds 417
- 20.1 Introduction 417
- 20.2 Why Explore Virtual Worlds? 418
- 20.3 Simple Virtual World Understanding 419
- 20.4 What is Visual Complexity of a Scene? 422
- 20.5 How to Compute Visual Complexity 424
- 20.6 Virtual World Exploration 427
- 20.7 Future Issues 431
- 20.8 Conclusions 433
- References 435
- Index 437
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