Clinical Guide to Paediatrics
Description
Clinical Guide to Paediatrics enables rapid reference to the common paediatric conditions, symptoms, and practical concerns seen in day-to-day practice. Focused on making differential diagnoses in acute settings, this comprehensive resource offers step-by-step guidance on clinical decision-making, investigations, and interventions. Junior doctors and medical students are provided with a clear and up-to-date evidence base supported by numerous diagnostic algorithms, diagrams, tables and bullet points throughout.
Organised into systems-based sections, the guide covers paediatric history taking, examination techniques, pharmacology, safeguarding, and a range of different diagnoses for presenting complaints in cardiology, infection and immunology, neurology, gastroenterology, accidents, poisoning, and more. Succinct chapters are logically structured to allow easy access to important concepts, key clinical details, and plans of investigation. Designed to complement the doctor-patient interaction in clinical practice, this valuable guide:
- Covers the most common presenting complaints encountered in acute paediatrics
- Provides evidence-based information on symptoms, disorders, and issues faced in paediatric medicine
- Addresses topics from the perspective of presenting complaints to provide a unique, highly practical approach to the subject
- Includes access to a companion website containing images and clinical photos, audio podcasts, clinical case studies, and self-assessment exercises
Clinical Guide to Paediatrics is essential reading for junior doctors, medical students, nurses and specialist trainees working on paediatric wards or emergency departments.
More details
Other editions
Additional editions
Persons
Rachel Varughese, Specialist Registrar in Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
Anna Mathew, Consultant Paediatrician, Chair of MRCPCH Clinical Examinations, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
Series editor: Christian Fielder Camm is a Cardiology Specialist Registrar, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK.
Content
List of Contributors vii
Acronyms and Abbreviations ix
About the Companion Website xiii
How to Use This Book xv
1.1 Wheeze 1
1.2 Stridor 15
1.3 Difficulty in Breathing 27
2.1 Cyanosis 37
2.2 Circulatory Collapse 53
2.3 Syncope 67
2.4 Chest Pain 79
2.5 Palpitations 93
3.1 Fever 107
3.2 Fever in the Returning Traveller 131
3.3 Lymphadenopathy 151
4.1 Bruising 165
4.2 Pallor 181
5.1 Abdominal Pain 203
5.2 Abdominal Mass 221
5.3 Vomiting 239
5.4 Diarrhoea 253
5.5 Jaundice 265
5.6 Faltering Growth 279
6.1 Haematuria 293
6.2 Oedema 303
6.3 Scrotal Swelling 317
7.1 Hypoglycaemia 329
7.2 Hyperglycaemia 343
8.1 Headache 353
8.2 Suspected Seizures 371
8.3 Acute Hemiparesis 387
8.4 Acute Lower-Limb Weakness 403
8.5 Delirium and Agitation 415
8.6 Decreased Level of Consciousness 427
8.7 Dizziness 441
9.1 Urticaria 451
9.2 Non-blanching Rash 461
9.3 Other Childhood Rashes 473
10.1 Limp 489
10.2 Swollen Joint 503
11.1 Neonatal Jaundice 513
11.2 The Unsettled Baby 527
11.3 Breastfeeding Advice 537
12.1 The A to E Assessment 543
12.2 Assessment of Consciousness 549
12.3 Tips for Fluid Prescribing 551
12.4 Childhood Immunisations 557
12.5 Safeguarding 561
13.1 Sepsis Management 569
13.2 Anaphylaxis Management 571
13.3 Acute Asthma Management 575
13.4 Prolonged Seizure Management 577
13.5 Raised Intracranial Pressure Management 579
Guidelines 581
Index 591
Acronyms and Abbreviations
- AAT
- alpha-1-antitrypsin
- ABD
- acute behavioural disturbance
- ACE
- angiotensin-converting enzyme
- AChR
- acetylcholine receptor
- ACS
- acute chest syndrome
- ACTH
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- ADEM
- acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis
- AED
- anti-epileptic drug
- AFP
- alpha-fetoprotein
- AGN
- acute glomerulonephritis
- AIDS
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- AIHA
- autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- AIS
- arterial ischaemic stroke
- AKI
- acute kidney injury
- ALL
- acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
- ALP
- alkaline phosphatase
- ALT
- alanine aminotransferase
- ANA
- antinuclear antibody
- ANCA
- antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
- APTT
- activated partial thromboplastin time
- ARB
- angiotensin receptor blocker
- ARF
- acute rheumatic fever
- ASA
- anterior spinal artery
- ASD
- atrial septal defect
- ASOT
- anti-streptolysin O titre
- AST
- aspartate aminotransferase
- AVM
- arteriovenous malformation
- AVNRT
- AV nodal re-entry tachycardia
- AVRT
- atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia
- AVSD
- atrioventricular septal defect
- BIMDG
- British Inherited Metabolic Diseases Group
- BiPAP
- bilevel positive airway pressure
- BMI
- Body Mass Index
- BNF
- British National Formulary
- BNP
- B-type natriuretic peptide
- BP
- blood pressure
- BPPV
- benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- BPVC
- benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood
- BSPED
- British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes
- CAMHS
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service
- CF
- cystic fibrosis
- CFRD
- cystic fibrosis-related diabetes
- CFTR
- cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator
- CGD
- chronic granulomatous disease
- CHD
- congenital heart disease
- CMPA
- cow's milk protein allergy
- CMV
- cytomegalovirus
- CNS
- central nervous system
- COPD
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CPAP
- continuous positive airway pressure
- CPVT
- catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
- CRH
- corticotropin-releasing hormone
- CRP
- C-reactive protein
- CSF
- cerebrospinal fluid
- CT
- computed tomography
- CVST
- cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
- DAT
- direct antiglobulin test
- DCM
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- DDH
- developmental dysplasia of the hip
- DI
- diabetes insipidus
- DIC
- disseminated intravascular coagulation
- DJ
- duodenojejunal
- DKA
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- DMSA
- dimercaptosuccinic acid
- DOT
- directly observed therapy
- dsDNA
- double-stranded DNA
- DWI
- diffusion-weighted imaging
- EBV
- Epstein-Barr virus
- ECG
- electrocardiogram
- ECMO
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- EDS
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- EEG
- electroencephalogram
- EM
- erythema multiforme
- ENT
- Ear, Nose and Throat
- ERCP
- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
- ESR
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- ETN
- erythema toxic neonatorum
- FAOD
- fatty acid oxidation defect
- FBC
- full blood count
- FFA
- free fatty acids
- FFP
- fresh frozen plasma
- FHM
- familial hemiplegic migraine
- FII
- fabricated or induced illness
- FVC
- forced vital capacity
- ?-GT
- gamma-glutamyltransferase
- G6PD
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAL-1-PUT
- galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
- GAS
- group A Streptococcus
- GBS
- group B Streptococcus
- GBS
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- GCS
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- GGT
- gamma-glutamyltransferase
- GI
- gastrointestinal
- GOR
- gastro-oesophageal reflux
- GORD
- gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- GSD
- glycogen storage disorders
- GU
- genitourinary
- HACEK
- Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
- HbF
- foetal haemoglobin
- HCG
- human chorionic gonadotropin
- HCM
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- HCT
- haematocrit
- HDU
- high-dependency unit
- HHFNC
- heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula oxygen
- HHS
- hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
- HHV
- human herpesvirus
- Hib
- Haemophilus influenzae type B
- HIDA
- hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid
- HIV
- human immunodeficiency virus
- HLA
- human leucocyte antigen
- HLH
- haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- HNIg
- human normal immunoglobulin
- HONK
- hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma
- HPV
- human papillomavirus
- HR
- heart rate
- HS
- hereditary spherocytosis
- HSP
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- HSV
- herpes simplex virus
- HUS
- haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- HVA
- homovanillic acid
- IA
- innominate artery
- IBCLC
- International Board Certified Lactation Consultant
- IBD
- inflammatory bowel disease
- IBS
- irritable bowel syndrome
- ICD
- implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
- ICP
- intracranial pressure
- IDA
- iron-deficiency anaemia
- IEM
- inborn errors of metabolism
- Ig
- immunoglobulin
- IIH
- idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- ILCA
- International Lactation Consultant Association
- IM
- intramuscular
- INR
- international normalised ratio
- IOH
- initial orthostatic hypotension
- IST
- inappropriate sinus tachycardia
- ITP
- immune thrombocytopenia
- IUGR
- intrauterine growth restriction
- IV
- intravenous
- IVC
- inferior vena cava
- IVIg
- intravenous immunoglobulin
- JIA
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- JRA
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- JVP
- jugular venous pressure
- LA
- left atrium
- LAIV
- live attenuated influenza vaccine
- LCCA
- left common carotid artery
- LDH
- lactate dehydrogenase
- LFTs
- liver function tests
- LMA
- laryngeal mask airway
- LMWH
- low molecular weight heparin
- LP
- lumbar puncture
- LQT
- long QT
- LSA
- left subclavian artery
- LV
- left ventricle
- LVH
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- LVOT
- left ventricular outflow tract
- MAHA
- microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
- MAOI
- monoamine oxidase inhibitor
- MC&S
- microscopy, culture and sensitivity
- MCADD
- medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- MCHC
- mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
- MCUG
- micturating cystourethrogram
- MCV
- mean corpuscular volume
- MDT
- multi-disciplinary team
- MELAS
- mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes
- MEN1
- multiple endocrine neoplasia
- MenB
- meningococcal group B
- MG
- myasthenia gravis
- MMR
- measles, mumps, rubella
- MODY
- maturity-onset diabetes of the young
- MRCP
- magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatogram
- MRSA
- methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus
- MSH
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- MSSA
- methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
- NAC
- N-acetylcysteine
- NAI
- non-accidental injury
- NCSE
- non-convulsive status epilepticus
- NDM
- neonatal diabetes mellitus
- NEAD
- non-epileptic attack disorder
- NEC
- necrotising enterocolitis
- NG
- nasogastric
- NICE
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- NJ
- nasojejunal
- NMS
- neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- NPA
- naso-pharyngeal aspirate
- NSAIDs
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- NT-proBNP
- N-terminal-pro hormone BNP
- OGD
- oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy
- OH
- orthostatic...
