Pedestrian Collisions
1st Edition
Published on 30. November 2018
178 pages
978-0-7680-9530-2 (ISBN)
Description
The last ten years have seen explosive growth in the technology available to the collision analyst, changing the way reconstruction is practiced in fundamental ways. The greatest technological advances for the crash reconstruction community have come in the realms of photogrammetry and digital media analysis. The widespread use of scanning technology has facilitated the implementation of powerful new tools to digitize forensic data, create 3D models and visualize and analyze crash vehicles and environments. The introduction of unmanned aerial systems and standardization of crash data recorders to the crash reconstruction community have enhanced the ability of a crash analyst to visualize and model the components of a crash reconstruction. Because of the technological changes occurring in the industry, many SAE papers have been written to address the validation and use of new tools for collision reconstruction. Collision Reconstruction Methodologies Volumes 1-12 bring together seminal SAE technical papers surrounding advancements in the crash reconstruction field. Topics featured in the series include: Night Vision Study and Photogrammetry, Vehicle Event Data Recorders, Motorcycle, Heavy Vehicle, Bicycle and Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction. The goal is to provide the latest technologies and methodologies being introduced into collision reconstruction - appealing to crash analysts, consultants and safety engineers alike.
More details
Other editions
Additional editions
Book
11/2018
SAE International
€167.87
Article not available at the moment
Content
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 1 Investigation and Analysis of Real-Life Pedestrian Collisions
- Introduction
- Methods
- Background
- Video Capture
- Calibration
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Wrap Trajectories
- Forward Projection Trajectories
- Fender Vault Trajectories
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 2 Different Factors Influencing Post-Crash Pedestrian Kinematics
- Introduction
- NASS-PCDS Analysis
- Principal Component Analysis
- Characteristics of Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction
- Fe Analysis of Human Model
- Adult Male
- 6-Year-Old Child
- Ground-To-Head-Contact Distance
- Head Injury
- Standing Posture
- Conclusions
- References
- Acknowledgments
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 3 Pedestrian Behavior at Signal-Controlled Crosswalks
- Introduction
- Experimental Methodology
- Experimental Setup
- Data Acquisition
- Results
- Perception/Reaction
- Pedestrian Speeds
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 4 Throw Model for Frontal Pedestrian Collisions
- Introduction
- Pedestrian Impact Model
- Throw Distance Model
- Modeling of xL
- Vehicle Motion
- Throw Distance Index
- Reconstruction Throw Model
- Experimental Data
- Pedestrian Drag Factors
- Experimental Values of Hill
- Correction for Impact
- Dummy Clothing Dependence
- Experimental Throw Data
- Preliminary Analysis of Experimental Data
- Comparison of Model With Data
- Reconstructed Wrap Collisions
- Adult Dummy Wrap Collisions
- Forward Projection Collisions
- Roof Vault and Somersault Collisions
- Fitting of the Reconstruction Model
- Discussion and Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 5 Pedestrian Throw Kinematics in Forward Projection Collisions
- Introduction
- Methodology
- Pedestrian Dummy
- Test Vehicles
- Data Acquisition and Post Processing
- Test Procedure
- Results
- Forward Projection Trajectory: Dry Surface
- Forward Projection Trajectory: Wet Surface
- Forward Projection Throw Distance
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 6 Use of Throw Distances of Pedestrians and Bicyclists as Part of a Scientific Accident Reconstruction Method
- Introduction
- Basis of Speed Calculation
- New Results Based on Real Accidents
- Kinematics of Impact
- Relation between Throw Distances and Impact Speed
- Injury Relation to Impact Speed and Throw Distance
- Conclusion
- References
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 7 Influence of Vehicle Body Type on Pedestrian Injury Distribution
- Introduction
- Methods
- Data Source
- Inclusion and Exclusion
- Injury Risk by Body Region and Vehicle Source
- Results
- Injury by Body Region
- Injury by Vehicle Component
- LTVs
- Cars
- Discussion
- Injury Distribution by Body Region
- Injury Distribution by Vehicle Source
- Conclusion
- References
- Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 8 Vehicle Lighting to Enhance Pedestrian Visibility
- Introduction
- Pedestrian Vulnerability
- Detection Distance Requirements
- Avoidance-Timing
- Perception/Reaction Time Delay
- The Temporal Bonus
- Time Needed to Walk Clear of Vehicle Path
- Estimating the Temporal Bonus
- Driver-Reaction-Distance
- Detection Distance Necessary to Avoid
- Where is The Pedestrian?
- Pedestrian Lateral Location
- Pedestrian Vertical Location
- How Much Illumination?
- Discussion - Part I - The Good News
- Discussion - Part II - Some Alternatives
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Appendix A Pedestrian Location with Respect to Headlamps
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 9 Uncertainty Analysis of the Preimpact Phase of a Pedestrian Collision
- Introduction
- Sensitivity to Uncertainty
- Maximum Uncertainty and Mean Square Uncertainty
- Monte Carlo Simulation
- Example and Discussion
- Accident Scenario
- Data
- Accident Reconstruction. Time-Distance Analysis
- Graphical Method
- Criterion of Driver's Reaction Time Delay Evaluation
- Analytical Method and Uncertainty Ranges
- Criterion of Driver's Reaction Time Delay Evaluation
- Monte Carlo Simulation
- Criterion of Driver's Reaction Time Delay Evaluation
- Comparison of Results
- Conclusion
- References
- VOLUME 10A: CHAPTER 10 Pedestrian Dummy Pelvis Impact Responses
- Introduction
- Materials and Method
- Data for Biofidelity Evaluation of Dummy Pelvis Response
- Lateral Loading Test to Isolated Pelvis by Salzar et al.
- Response Corridor for Dummy Pelvis
- Response Corridors Based on the Results from Salzar et al.
- Estimation of rev.1 Dummy Pelvis
- rev.1 Dummy Pelvis Development
- Validation of rev.1 Dummy Pelvis
- Biofidelity Evaluation of the rev.1 Dummy Pelvis Against Salzar et al.
- Estimation of rev.2 Dummy Pelvis
- rev.2 Dummy Pelvis Development
- Design of the rev.2 Dummy Pelvis
- rev.2 Pelvis Preliminary Lateral Loading Test
- Biofidelity Evaluation of the rev.2 Dummy Pelvis Against Preliminary Test
- Biofidelity Evaluation of the rev.2 Dummy Pelvis Against Salzar et al.
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendix A
- Dummy Pelvis FE Model Development
- Material Parameter Identification for Ilium (POM)
- POM Material Model Validation
- Material Parameter Identification for Pubic Symphysis (Rubber)
- Rubber Material Model Validation
- Quasi-static Lateral Compression Test for Isolated rev.1 Dummy Pelvis
- Validation of rev.1 Dummy Pelvis FE Model
- About the Author
