Davies: The State of Open Data

Name: Davies: The State of Open Data | Histories and Horizons
Brand: African Minds
Price: 7.99 EUR
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Histories and Horizons

Unknown(Author)

Tim Davies B. Walker(Editor)

African Minds (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 22. May 2019

590 pages

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978-1-55250-612-7 (ISBN)

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Content

Cover
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Acknowledgements
Editorial Board
Peer reviewers
Environment scan and chapter contributors
About the editors
Foreword
Introduction
Histories and horizons
The evolution of a movement
Taking stock
Looking to the future: An impending identity crisis
A collaborative review: The approach
Targeting the core stakeholders
Endnotes
SECTION 1. Open Data Sectors and Communities
Introduction
Open data sectors .
. and communities
Future states
Endnotes
Chapter 1 - Accountability and anti-corruption
Key points
Introduction
Open data for accountability and anti-corruption
Top down and bottom up access to data
Moving from availability to use
Moving from use to impact
Reflections and the road ahead
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 2 - Agriculture
Key points
Introduction
A value chain perspective
Open data issues in agriculture
Connecting stakeholders
Standards
Policy
Ethics
Capacity
Looking ahead
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 3 - Corporate ownership
Key points
Introduction
Progress, impacts, and challenges
Progress: Data availability and technical infrastructure
Progress: Policy and legislation
Impacts: Markets for corporate data
Impacts: Civil society users of open corporate data
Challenges: Data quality
Challenges: Data protection and useful data
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 4 - Crime and justice
Key points
Introduction
Lessons learned: Open crime and justice data
Making crime and justice open data available
The potential impact on social and economic development
Conclusions
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 5 - Development assistance and humanitarian action
Key points
Introduction
Background
Progress
Gaps
(In)Consistencies in the supply of open data
Data privacy, protection, and responsible use
Technology and data literacy
Data culture
Evidence
Conclusions and recommendations
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 6 - Education
Key points
Introduction
Open data and the education landscape
Open data about educational institutions
Open data as an open educational resource
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 7 - Environment
Key points
Introduction
Earth, air, and water
Open data and climate change
Open data and air quality
Open data and biodiversity
Open data and water
Opportunities and challenges
Stakeholders and sustainability
Collaboration, cooperation, and benefit sharing
Standards
Capacity
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 8 - Extractives
Key points
Introduction
Improving disclosure: Toward open data by default
Putting mandatory disclosure data in action
Demonstrating the value of data
The wider data landscape
Working with what is available
Going deeper: Running the numbers
The disruption of black box data services
Telling the story: Investigations and journalism
Research: Data, information, and action
Looking ahead: Future frontiers
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 9 - Geospatial
Key points
Introduction
Primer: An overview of open geospatial data
Progress: Open geospatial data availability and infrastructure
Challenges: IP, privacy, and standards
Pitfalls and potential: From mapping to analysis
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 10 - Government finances
Key points
Introduction
The pioneers: Early steps to open financial data
A growing community: Creating tools and capacity
Ongoing challenges and developments
Data quality
Standards and interoperability
Policy commitments
User-engagement and capacity
Conclusion: Looking to the future
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 11 - Health
Key points
Introduction
The spectrum of stakeholders and data access
The state of (open) health data
Data availability and use: Laying the foundations
Available but not accessible: (Missed) opportunities
Ready for impact? Three key challenges
Working with big data
Information governance and regulatory frameworks
From use to action
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 12 - Land ownership
Key points
Introduction
Cadastres and land registers
Land deals
Land use
The land governance community
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 13 - National statistics
Key points
Introduction
National statistical offices, official statistics, and open data
International progress on open data
Key issues and challenges
Current state of open data for national statistics?
Additional resources are needed for national statistical systems
Increasing political support for open data
Demonstrating the value of data
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 14 - Telecommunications
Key points
Introduction
The potential of open data
Fibre
Spectrum
Towers
Backhaul pricing
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 15 - Transport
Key points
Introduction
From schedule data to advice on route planning
Toward global coverage: The need for accessible data
Mobility as a service: An emerging challenge
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 16 - Urban development
Key points
Introduction
Innovation: From experimentation to institutionalisation
Data infrastructure: Ownership and interoperability
Measurement and management: Seeing the city
Resilience: Embracing citizen-generated urban data
Taking stock and looking forward
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
SECTION 2. Issues in Open Data
Introduction
From raw data now to publishing with purpose
Re-constructing data and openness
New frontiers and lessons learned
Endnotes
Chapter 17 - Algorithms and artificial intelligence
Key points
Introduction
Linked histories: Shaping data inputs, outputs, and environments
Open data and algorithms in action
Policy: Open data as an engine for AI growth
Analysis: Algorithms unlocking open data value
Adverse impacts: Addressing the data environment
Open data and AI: Critical friends?
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 18 - Data infrastructure
Key points
Introduction
Defining data infrastructure
Aspects of data infrastructure
Identifying and describing data infrastructure
The role of standards, identifiers, and registers
Governance and trust
People, processes, and progress
Future directions
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 19 - Data literacy
Key points
Introduction
What is (open) data literacy?
Building open data literacy around the world
What works? Where are the gaps?
The future of open data literacy
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 20 - Gender equity
Key points
Introduction
From invisibility to awareness
From awareness to action
Access
Representation
Labour and leadership
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 21 - Indigenous data sovereignty
Key points
Introduction
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples and data
Data collection: Invisibility and bias
Data access, use, and interpretation
Data ownership and appropriation
Challenging the dominant data discourse
Principle 1: Open by default
Principle 5: Improved governance and citizen engagement
Principle 6: Inclusive development and innovation
Developing a new discourse
Conclusions
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 22 - Measurement
Key points
Introduction
Brief history of measurement and open data
Stakeholders
Methodologies
Strengths and weaknesses of measurement tools
Rankings
Measuring data use to understand demand and impact
Partnerships, replication of research, and collaborative learning
Inclusion
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 23 - Privacy
Key points
Introduction
The shifting context for open data and privacy
Key issues
The definition of personal information
The privacy/transparency balance
Open data challenges
Privacy issues and preparing open data for release
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
SECTION 3. Open Data Stakeholders
Introduction
Mapping the stakeholders
Institutionalisation, engagement, and sustainability
Who's who?
Stakeholder horizons
Chapter 24 - Civil society
Key points
Introduction
Key trends
Fragmentation and ambiguity
The capacity gap
Unexpected challenges
Better governance: Never say die
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 25 - Donors and investors
Key points
Introduction
Exploring the network of funding and support
Resilience: Open data is becoming more mainstreamed into key sectors
Diversity: Open data is an increasingly global and diverse movement
Coherence: Key elements of the global open data infrastructure have emerged
Building the field?
The need for greater coordination
Amid mainstreaming, who funds cross-cutting open data issues?
Donor modalities: An orphaned donor agenda
Conclusions
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 26 - Governments
Key points
Introduction
The evolution of open data policy
Initial exploration - making the case
From experimentation to consolidation
International efforts, shared policy, and common principles
Institutionalising open data
Embedding effective governance frameworks
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 27 - Journalists and the media
Key points
Introduction
History
Expanding horizons
Enduring challenges to the field
The failure of data journalism to become just journalism
The unfulfilled promise of automation
Making the business case for data journalism
Inclusion and accessibility for data-driven democracy
Reusability and archiving
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 28 - Multilateral organisations
Key points
Introduction
The evolution of multilateral support for open data
Lessons learned: Supporting open data ecosystems
Open data maturity through alignment with other priority agendas
Multilaterals can provide the medium- and long-term support needed for social and economic development impacts from open data
Sustaining political will requires a strategic approach
Working with National Statistical Offices (NSOs) is key to improving data quality in developing countries
Increased focus is needed on data use
Careful engagement with private sector investment can bring value, but risks of proprietary data should be addressed
Looking ahead: The fourth industrial revolution
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 29 - Private sector
Key points
Introduction
How does the private sector engage with open data?
The private sector as open data users
The private sector as data intermediaries
The private sector as data providers or collaborators
Challenges and recommendations
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 30 - Researchers
Key points
Introduction
Shaping networks of research
Funders in focus
Standards, culture, and key influencers
Fields and fora
The state of research stakeholder networks: A snapshot
Reshaping research: Challenges and opportunities
Conclusion
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
SECTION 4. Open Data Around the World
INTRODUCTION
Different directions
Common experience
Shared futures
Endnotes
Chapter 31 - Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Key points
Introduction
State of open data
Early movers: Enabling environments and evolving practice
E-government, open government, and economic agendas
Open data in use: Focus and facilitation
Investment in open data
Looking ahead: Areas for growth
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 32 - European Union
Key points
Introduction
The European Union as regulator
The Public Sector Information Directive
INSPIRE Directive
The Digital Single Market strategy
The role of the EU as a funder
Implementing PSI in national open data policies
Open licensing
The unfolding impact of the General Data Protection Regulation
European open data infrastructure
The open data ecosystem
Cities
Enterprise and private sector
Non-profits and civil society
Research and development
A thriving ecosystem?
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 33 - Latin America and the Caribbean
Key points
Introduction
Latin America
Community
Policy
Data use and users
Knowledge
The Caribbean
A brief history: High demand and slow supply
Unlocking potential: Future challenges
Political commitment
Key actors and intermediaries
Capacity building
Regional agenda, global connections
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 34 - Middle East and North Africa
Key points
Introduction
Data-driven innovation: Framing the open data debate
Open and e-government: Digitalisation from the top down
Innovation from universities and the private sector
The challenges: Data scarcity, engagement, and capacity
Data scarcity
Engagement and uptake
Capacity building
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 35 - North America, Australia, and New Zealand
Key points
Introduction
Signs of progress
Internal usage
Quality over quantity
Emerging challenges
Slowing or stagnating data publication
The struggle to define success
Uneven adoption within and across governments
Reliance on local champions to build and sustain initiatives
Citizen demand for data remains limited and highly concentrated
Hidden benefits: Analytics and performance management
Conclusion
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Key informant interviews
Endnotes
Chapter 36 - South, East, and Southeast Asia
Key points
Introduction
Emerging trends
Data availability is improving but limited
Data use is increasing - but concentrated in high-income countries
New civil society actors and networks are emerging
CSO-led initiatives are increasing in number, but lack sustainability
Open data outcomes exist, but solid evidence of impact is elusive
Open data actors need to find ways to navigate political environments
National initiatives still need to permeate to the local level
Conclusions and looking ahead
About the author
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Chapter 37 - Sub-Saharan Africa
Key points
Introduction
The African open data ecosystem
Government institutions
Development partners
Civil society organisations
Private sector and academia
Production and access to open data
Production of open data
Access to open data
Key role for intermediaries in open data use
Legal, economic, and political frameworks for open data
Open data in the context of African development
Partnerships for open data
Outlook for open data in Sub-Saharan Africa
About the authors
How to cite this chapter
Endnotes
Conclusion and recommendations
Meeting the challenges
Analysis and recommendations
Practitioners: Think politically and increase inclusion
Policy-makers: Pick a problem to solve
Researchers: Rebooting the research agenda
Funders: Mainstreaming, movement building, and data literacy
Looking over the horizon
Endnotes
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Davies: The State of Open Data

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