
Biomechanics
Description
Alles über E-Books | Antworten auf Fragen rund um E-Books, Kopierschutz und Dateiformate finden Sie in unserem Info- & Hilfebereich.
More details
Other editions
Additional editions

Content
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- CHAPTER 1 Biomechanics of Occupant Responses During Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle (ROV) Riding and 90-Degree Tip-Overs
- Introduction
- Methods-Passive Response
- Methods-Active Response
- Surrogates
- Instrumentation
- Off-Road Course
- Roll Spit
- Common Physical Activities
- Data Analysis
- Results and Discussion
- Passive Response
- Active Response
- 90-Degree Rolls and Common Physical Activities
- Conclusions
- References
- Acknowledgments
- CHAPTER 2 Comparative Study of Road Accidents in Iceland and Side Impact Compatibility
- Introduction
- Road Accidents in Iceland
- Fatal Side Impact Accidents
- Finite Element Model
- Verification and Sensitivity of the Parameters
- The Influence of Variation of HOF in Side Impacts
- The Effect of HOF on Compatibility in Side Impacts
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- CHAPTER 3 Development of Numerical Models for Injury Biomechanics Research: A Review of 50 Years of Publications in the Stapp Car Crash Conference
- Introduction
- Head Models
- Lumped-Mass Models
- Finite Element Models
- Application of Models
- Pediatric Brain Models
- Other Head Component Models
- Animal Head Models
- Head Model Discussion
- Simulating the Skull and Brain Junction
- Skull Thickness
- Injury Measures
- Material Properties and Experimentally Measured Brain Responses
- Neck Models
- Two-Joint Neck Models
- Multibody (MB) Neck Models
- FE Neck Models
- Model Geometry
- Material Properties
- Muscle Simulation
- Model Validation and Application
- Thoracic Models
- Abdominal Models
- Geometry
- Material Properties
- Model Application and Validation
- Upper Extremities
- Geometry
- Material Properties
- Application and Validation
- Lower Extremity Models the Pelvis
- Geometry
- Material Properties
- Model Application and Validation
- Ankle and Foot
- Geometry
- Material Properties
- Model Application and Validation
- Pedestrian and Frontal Impact Lower Extremity Models
- Geometry
- Material Properties
- Model Application and Validation
- Whole-Body Models
- Introduction
- CAL/CAL3D Model
- MVMA Models
- MADYMO Dummy Models
- MADYMO Whole-body Human Models
- FE Dummy Model
- FE Whole-Body Human Model
- Discussion and Conclusions
- References
- CHAPTER 4 Threshold Time-to-Fire Determination for SRS to Control Occupant Injuries in Real-World Accidents
- Introduction
- Methodology
- Work Process Flow
- CAE Model Setup
- Performance Parameters
- Performance Verification Matrix
- Results and Discussions
- Details
- Correlation
- Threshold Speed Determination
- TTF Determination
- Conclusions
- References
- Acknowledgments
- Appendix A Occupant Kinematics in Time Zone for no Fire Load Case
- Appendix B Occupant Kinematics in Time Zone for Threshold Fire Load Case
- Appendix C Estimation of Airbag Unfolding Pattern
- CHAPTER 5 Likelihood of Brain Injury in Motorcycle Accidents: A Comparison of Novelty and DOT-Approved Helmets
- Introduction
- Methods
- Test Helmets
- Drop Tower and Instrumentation
- Procedure
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Comparison of Head-Forms
- Study Limitations
- Style, Cost, and Comfort
- Future Work
- References
- CHAPTER 6 Small Occupant Neck Injury Biomechanics in Frontal Crash: A Study to Address the Variation in Restraint Performance with a Conventional 3-Point Single Loop Belt System
- Introduction
- Methodology
- Model Overview
- Model Validation
- Sensitivity Analysis
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
- Definitions/Abbreviations
- Appendix
- Appendix A. Figure 10 from the text
- Appendix B. Figure 12 from the text
- Appendix C. Figure 20 from the text
- CHAPTER 7 Motion Capture Applications in Forensic Injury Accident Reconstruction
- Introduction
- Motion Capture System and Setup
- Car Carrier Analysis
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Asphalt Roller Analysis
- Methods
- Results and Discussion
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- CHAPTER 8 Predictors for Traumatic Brain Injuries Evaluated Through Accident Reconstructions
- Introduction
- Methods
- Human Head FE Model
- Material Properties
- Interface Conditions
- Head Kinematics from NFL Reconstructions of Concussive I
- Simulation of the Brain Response Using Head Kinematics from the NFL Reconstructions
- Logistic Regression Analysis
- Biomechanical Analysis of a MC Accident
- Results
- Logistic Regression Analysis
- Biomechanical Analysis of a MC Accident
- Influence of Rotational and Translational Kinematics on the Intracranial Response
- Influence of Effective Shear Stiffness for the Brain
- Discussion
- Tissue Injury Predictors
- Strain-Based Injury Predictors
- Effective Stress
- Strain Energy Density
- Magnitude of Maximum and Minimum Pressure
- Influence of Head Kinematics on the Intracranial Response
- Head Kinematics-Based Predictors
- Brain Shear Stiffness Dependency
- Limitations
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Appendix
- Appendix A-Curve Fitting of the Second-Order Ogden Model
- Appendix B-Results from the Logistic Regression Analysis for all Regions and Tissue Injury Predictors
- CHAPTER 9 Senior Drivers, Bicyclists, and Pedestrian Behavior Related to Traffic Accidents and Injuries
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Accident Data Analysis of Road User's Behavior
- Car Drivers
- Driving License
- Seating Position
- Safety Systems
- Behavior
- Bicycle
- Safety Systems
- Behavior
- Pedestrian
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
- Acknowledgments
- Definitions/Abbreviations
- Appendix
- CHAPTER 10 Police Accident Report Restraint Usage Accuracy and Injury Severity
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations
- Appendix
- CHAPTER 11 Occupant Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes: Using Field Accident Data from Multiple Sources
- Introduction
- Data Sources
- National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)
- General Estimates System (GES)
- Crashworthiness Data System (CDS)
- Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)
- Special Crash Investigations (SCI)
- Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN)
- State Data Program (SDP)
- State Data System (SDS)
- Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES)
- Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS)
- Partners for Child Passenger Safety (PCPS)
- Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS)
- National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)
- Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS)
- National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)
- Medicare Database
- National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)
- National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)
- National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS)
- National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB)
- Examples
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Additional Sources
- Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations
- Appendix A
- ICD-9-Cm Codes
- Supplementary Classification of External Causes of Injury and Poisoning (E-code)
- CHAPTER 12 Injury Risk to Specific Body Regions of Pedestrians in Frontal Vehicle Crashes Modeled by Empirical, In-Depth Accident Data
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Data and Methods
- Study Data Characteristics
- Coding of Variables and Treatment of Missing Data
- Selection and Coding of Outcome (Target) Variables
- Coding of Explanatory Variables
- Treatment of Missing Explanatory Data
- Statistical Methods
- Results
- Pedestrian Injuries by Body Region
- Overview of Injury Causing Components
- Conditional Probability of Components, Given Injury Region
- Conditional Probability of Injured Region, Given the Vehicle Component
- Outcome Variable Frequencies
- Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Injury Levels: Univariate Results
- Analysis of Potential Confounders and Associations between Explanatory Variables
- Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Injury Levels: Multivariate Results
- Performance of Multivariate Models
- Discussion
- Injury severity and Mortality
- Vehicle Components and Injuries
- Factors Influencing Serious and Severe Injuries
- Injury Multiplicity
- Approach to a Comparative Evaluation Metric
- Limitations and Future Research
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Appendix
- CHAPTER 13 Influences on the Risk of Injury of Bicyclists' Heads and Benefits of Bicycle Helmets in Terms of Injury Avoidance and Reduction of Injury Severity
- Introduction
- Framework of Evaluation
- Documentation Method of GIDAS
- Descriptive Outcome Processing
- Accident and Injury Patterns of Bicyclists
- Injury Severities of the Heads of Bicyclists Involved in an Accident
- Usage of Bicycle Helmets by Different Types of Bicyclists and in Relation to Different Accident Characteristics
- Effectiveness of the Bicycle Helmets
- Statistical Evaluation of the Influence of Different Parameters on Head Injuries
- Damage Pattern on the Helmet
- Conclusion
- References
- Acknowledgments
- CHAPTER 14 Crash Injury Risks for Obese Occupants
- Introduction
- Methodology
- NASS-CDS Analysis
- Results
- NASS-CDS Analysis
- Discussion
- Limitations
- References
- Appendix
- CHAPTER 15 Age Effects on Injury Patterns in Pedestrian Crashes
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Breakdown of Injury Diagnoses
- Head Injuries
- Torso Injuries
- Pelvis and Lower Extremity
- Pedestrian Injury Patterns
- Head Injury
- Torso and Upper Extremity Injury
- Pelvis and Lower Extremity Injury
- Discussion
- Head
- Chest and Spine
- Abdomen
- Pelvis and Extremity Injury
- Study Limitations
- Summary/Conclusions
- References
- Acknowledgments
- Appendix
- CHAPTER 16 Characterization of Commercial Vehicle Crashes and Driver Injury
- Introduction
- Methodology
- Construction of Analytical Data Files
- Development of Crash Typology Tuned to Truck Driver Injury
- Development of Distributions of Truck Driver Injury Severity
- Example Cases from LTCCS
- Results
- Vehicle Fleet
- Crash Characterization
- Example Case
- Rollover
- Frontal Crash
- Truck Driver Injuries
- Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Acknowledgments
- About the Author
System requirements
File format: PDF
Copy-Protection: Adobe-DRM (Digital Rights Management)
System requirements:
- Computer (Windows; MacOS X; Linux): Install the free reader Adobe Digital Editions prior to download (see eBook Help).
- Tablet/smartphone (Android; iOS): Install the free app Adobe Digital Editions or the app PocketBook before downloading (see eBook Help).
- E-reader: Bookeen, Kobo, Pocketbook, Sony, Tolino and many more (only limited: Kindle).
The file format PDF always displays a book page identically on any hardware. This makes PDF suitable for complex layouts such as those used in textbooks and reference books (images, tables, columns, footnotes). Unfortunately, on the small screens of e-readers or smartphones, PDFs are rather annoying, requiring too much scrolling.
This eBook uses Adobe-DRM, a „hard” copy protection. If the necessary requirements are not met, unfortunately you will not be able to open the eBook. You will therefore need to prepare your reading hardware before downloading.
Please note: We strongly recommend that you authorise using your personal Adobe ID after installation of any reading software.
For more information, see our eBook Help page.