
Optical Network Design and Modeling
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23 rd International IFIP conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, ONDM 2019, held in Athens, Greece, in May 2019. The 39 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 87 submissions. The papers focus on cutting-edge research in established areas of optical networking as well as their adoption in support of a wide variety of new services and applications. This involves the most recent trends in networking including 5G and beyond, big data and network data analytics, cloud/edge computing, autonomic networking, artificial intelligence assisted networks, secure and resilient networks, that drive the need for increased capacity, efficiency, exibility and adaptability in the functions that the network can perform. In this context new disaggregated optical network architectures were discussed, exploiting and integrating novel multidimensional photonic technology solutions as well as adopting open hardware and software platforms relying on software defined networking (SDN), and network function virtualization (NFV) to allow support of new business models and opportunities.
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Content
- Intro
- Preface
- Organization
- Contents
- Regular Papers
- Hybrid Backup Resource Optimization for VNF Placement Over Optical Transport Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Network Scenario
- 2.1 Survivability Mechanisms
- 2.2 Hop Protection
- 2.3 Chain Protection
- 2.4 Hybrid Protection
- 3 Optimization Model
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Software-Defined Reconfigurability, White Boxes, and Abstraction
- 1 Introduction
- 2 NETCONF for White Box Configuration
- 3 NETCONF for Slice Management
- 3.1 Scenario Description
- 3.2 Slice Management Through NETCONF
- 4 Experimental Demonstration
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Embedding Virtual Networks in Flexible Optical Networks with Sliceable Transponders
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Model and Problem Statement
- 3 Algorithms
- 3.1 ILP Formulation
- 3.2 Lower Bounds
- 3.3 Proposed Heuristics
- 4 Simulation Results
- 4.1 Numerical Results for 6-Node Network
- 4.2 Numerical Results for Google Network
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Virtualized Controller Placement for Multi-domain Optical Transport Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background and Related Work
- 3 Control Plane Architecture
- 4 Problem Statement and Solution Method
- 4.1 Problem Statement
- 4.2 Input Parameters and Variables
- 4.3 Constraints
- 4.4 Cost Models
- 4.5 Algorithm
- 5 Illustrative Numerical Examples
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- End-to-End Network Slicing in Support of Latency-Sensitive 5G Services
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Provisioning and Maintenance of Network Slices in a Multi-segment Environment
- 2.1 Architecture
- 2.2 Slice Composition
- 3 Latency Sensing and Actuations
- 3.1 Sensing Mechanism
- 3.2 Latency Sensor Provisioning
- 3.3 Latency-Aware Path Selection Algorithm
- 3.4 Actuations Over Latency Monitoring
- 4 Experimental Testing
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- The Impact of the Optical Network on 5G - The Metro-Haul Project
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Metro-Haul Key Innovations (Golden Nuggets)
- 3 Metro-Haul KPIs
- 4 Use Case Scenarios
- 5 Conclusions
- Reference
- Availability-Guaranteed Slice Provisioning in Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Networks Supporting Mobile Edge Computing
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Sliceable WOBAN Supporting MEC
- 3 Maximizing Number of Slices Provisioned with Guaranteed Availability
- 3.1 Definition of Slice Availability
- 3.2 ILP Model
- 3.3 Heuristic Algorithms
- 4 Simulations and Performance Analyses
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- DU/CU Placement for C-RAN over Optical Metro-Aggregation Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 3 Functional Split Based 3-Layer C-RAN Architecture
- 4 Joint DU/CU Placement in Metro Networks
- 4.1 Problem Statement
- 4.2 Model
- 5 Illustrative Numerical Results
- 5.1 Evaluation Settings
- 5.2 Evaluation Results
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Adaptive Function Chaining for Efficient Design of 5G Xhaul
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Architecture and Methodology
- 4 Numerical Results
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Dynamic Softwarised RAN Function Placement in Optical Data Centre Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Problem Statement
- 3 Framework
- 3.1 Heuristic Design
- 3.2 Numerical Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Techno-Economic Aspects of 5G Transport Network Deployments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 5G Network Physical Architecture Overview
- 2.1 5G-XHaul and 5G-PICTURE Transport Network Technologies
- 3 Methodology for Techno-Economic Analysis
- 3.1 Techno-Economic Tool Description
- 3.2 Network Modeling, Dimensioning and Deployment Aspects as Input to the Tool
- 4 5G Transport Network Deployments' Techno-Economic Evaluation (Scenarios and Results)
- 5 Potential Future Expansions of the Tool
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- RHODA Topology Configuration Using Bayesian Optimization
- 1 Introduction
- 2 RHODA Architecture
- 3 Topology Configuration Algorithm
- 3.1 ILP Formulation
- 3.2 Bayesian Optimization
- 4 Evaluation
- 4.1 Cluster Topology
- 4.2 RHODA
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Dynamic Abstraction of Optical Networks with Machine Learning Technologies
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review of Network Abstraction with Machine Learning Technologies
- 3 Field-Trial Demonstration of Dynamic Network Abstraction
- 3.1 Cloud Monitoring Database
- 3.2 Machine Learning Based Network Abstraction
- 3.3 Results of Dynamic Network Abstraction
- 3.4 Scalabilities of the Cloud Monitoring Database and Machine-Learning Based QoT Predictor
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Novel P-Cycle Selection Algorithms for Elastic Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Motivation and Problem Statement
- 2.1 Motivation
- 2.2 Problem Statement
- 3 P-Cycle Evaluation
- 3.1 Traffic-Independent P-Cycle Selection (TIPS)
- 3.2 Traffic Oriented P-Cycle Selection (TOPS)
- 4 Static P-Cycle Set Generation and RSA
- 4.1 Cycle Generation
- 4.2 Routing and Spectrum Assignment
- 5 Simulation Results
- 5.1 Performance Analysis
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- How to Survive Targeted Fiber Cuts: A Game Theoretic Approach for Resilient SDON Control Plane Design
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Game Model for Control Plane Design
- 4 Nash Equilibrium for Control Plane Design
- 5 Simulation Results
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Joint Fronthaul Optimization and SDN Controller Placement in Dynamic 5G Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Evolutionary Game Theory: Basic Concepts
- 3 Application to 5G Networks
- 3.1 Payoff Function
- 3.2 Stability Analysis
- 3.3 SDN Controller Placement
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- 3-Stage Hierarchical Quality of Service for Multi-tenant Passive Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Downstream Scheduling
- 3 Three-Stage Scheduler Description and Architecture
- 4 Simulator
- 5 Simulation Scenarios and Results
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- Machine Learning Assisted Optical Network Resource Scheduling in Data Center Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Intelligent Optical Resource Scheduling System
- 2.1 Flow Classification Module
- 2.2 Traffic Pattern Recognition Module
- 2.3 Optical Resource Allocation Module
- 3 Performance Evaluation
- 3.1 DCN Architectures and IORSS Implementation
- 3.2 Simulation Setup and Results Analysis
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Machine Learning Assisted Quality of Transmission Estimation and Planning with Reduced Margins
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Quality of Transmission (QoT) Estimation
- 3 Machine Learning Assisted QoT Estimation
- 3.1 Machine Learning Physical Layer Model (ML-PLM)
- 3.2 Machine Learning Model (ML-M)
- 4 Machine Learning Assisted QoT Estimation
- 5 Planning with Reduced Margins - Algorithm
- 6 Planning with Reduced Margins - Case Study
- 7 Conclusions
- References
- Network Programmability and Automation in Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Data Modeling Languages for Network Programmability and Automation
- 2.1 YANG Language
- 2.2 Protocol Buffers
- 3 Protocols for Network Programmability and Automation
- 3.1 NETCONF
- 3.2 RESTconf
- 3.3 gRPC
- 4 Standards of Network Programmability and Automation
- 4.1 ONF Transport API
- 4.2 IETF ACTN
- 4.3 OpenROADM
- 4.4 Openconfig and gNMI
- 5 Evaluation
- 5.1 Data Modelling Languages
- 5.2 Protocols
- 5.3 Standards
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- Fragmentation Metrics in Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Network Model
- 3 Fragmentation Metrics and Fragmentation-Aware Dynamic RSSA Algorithm
- 3.1 Notation
- 3.2 Fragmentation Metrics
- 3.3 Fragmentation-Aware Dynamic RSSA Algorithm
- 4 Numerical Experiments
- 5 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Intrinsically Resilient Optical Backbones: An Efficient Ring-Based Interconnection Paradigm
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Why Rings Are No Longer Good Enough for Our Networks?
- 2.1 Evolving Rings into Meshes
- 2.2 How Can Graph Theory Help?
- 3 Background: Twin Graphs
- 4 Results
- 4.1 Scalability and Flexibility
- 4.2 Topology Diversity
- 4.3 Neighbor Nodes Resiliency to Link Failures
- 4.4 Suvivability to Multiple Link Failures
- 4.5 Number of Additional Links to Provide Intrinsic Resilience
- 5 Use Case: A Resilient CESNET Redesign
- 6 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Experimental Evaluation of Dynamic Resource Orchestration in Multi-layer (Packet over Flexi-Grid Optical) Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Resource Orchestration Set-Up in a MLN Infrastructure
- 3 On-Line Resource Orchestration Algorithms
- 4 Experimental Performance Evaluation
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Optics for Disaggregating Data Centers and Disintegrating Computing
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Overview of the PNoC Architectures
- 3 Optics for Multi-socket Boards
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Simplifying Optical DCN Fabrics with Blocking Space Switching and Wavelength-Constrained WDM
- 1 Introduction
- 2 A Lean Non-crossbar Switch Design
- 2.1 Shift Shuffle
- 2.2 The Selector and De-Selector Element
- 2.3 The SLIM Switch as a Concept
- 3 A DCN Architecture with Non-crossbar Switches
- 3.1 The Architecture Specifications
- 3.2 A Blocking DCN Fabric
- 4 Blocking VS Non-blocking Complexity
- 4.1 Control Message Complexity Comparison
- 4.2 Scheduling Complexity Comparison
- 4.3 Reconfiguration Speed Comparison
- 4.4 Cost Comparison
- 5 Simulation Results
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Dual-Layer Locality-Aware Optical Interconnection Architecture for Latency-Critical Resource Disaggregation Environments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Hipo?aos and STREAMS Optical Interconnects
- 2.1 Hipo?aos Rack-Level Optical Switch Architecture
- 2.2 STREAMS Silicon-Photonics Board-Level Interconnect
- 3 Dual-Layer Locality-Aware Optical Interconnection Architecture
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Network-Wide Localization of Optical-Layer Attacks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Attack Syndromes for Unambiguous Localization of an Attack Source
- 4 Design of Probing Trails for Attack Localization
- 4.1 Problem Definition
- 4.2 ILP Formulation
- 5 Numerical Results
- 6 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Analytical Modeling of Survivable Anycast Communication in Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Network Model and Assumptions
- 2.1 Survivable Routing Policy (SRP)
- 2.2 Survivable Routing with Relocation Policy (SRRP)
- 3 Analytical Blocking Model
- 3.1 Computation of Link Arrival Rate
- 3.2 Network-Wide Blocking Model
- 4 Numerical Results and Analysis
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Network Coding for Security Against Eavesdropping Attacks in Elastic Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Concept of Network Coding in Optical Networks
- 3 Problem Description
- 4 RSA with Network Coding
- 4.1 Routing
- 4.2 Spectrum Allocation
- 5 Performance Evaluations
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- Resilient Cloud-RANs Adopting Network Coding
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Implementation Aspects
- 2.1 NC Operations Implementation at TSON
- 2.2 Synchronization of Network Coded Flows
- 2.3 Subsystem Experimental Validation
- 3 Optimal 5G Network Design with Resilience Considerations
- 3.1 Traditional Optimization Framework
- 3.2 Extension: Integration of NC
- 3.3 Network Level Evaluation
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- A Novel Carrier-Cooperation Scheme with an Incentive for Offering Emergency Lightpath Support in Disaster Recovery
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Model of Recovery Based on Carrier Cooperation
- 2.1 Network Model
- 2.2 Emergency Lightpath Support with an Incentive
- 3 Planning of Carrier Cooperation
- 3.1 Modeling of Carrier-Side Planning Tasks (CSPTs)
- 3.2 Modeling of Third-Party-Side Matching Task (TSMT)
- 3.3 Distributed Task Implementations
- 4 Simulations and Numerical Results
- 4.1 Evaluation Model
- 4.2 Numerical Results
- 5 Conclusions
- Appendix 1: Constraints in CSPT
- Appendix 2: Constraints in TSMT
- References
- State-of-the-Art and Future of Submarine Cable System Technology
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Evolution of Submarine Cables for Communication
- 2.1 Transpacific Submarine Cable Systems
- 2.2 Technology Trend of Optical Submarine Cable
- 3 State-of-the-Art Technologies
- 3.1 +D Fiber Transmission Line
- 3.2 Advanced Modulation Formats
- 3.3 C+L Band Transmission Technologies and Raman Amplification
- 4 Restrictions for Optical Submarine Cables
- 4.1 Power Feeding Limitation for Submarine Cable
- 4.2 Limitation of Fiber Counts for Submarine Cables
- 5 Policy and Technologies for Next Generation
- 5.1 Maximum Power Operation for Double-End Feeding
- 5.2 Shared Pumping for Multiple EDFA with Multicore Fiber (MCF) of Space-Division-Multiplexing (SDM) Technologies
- 5.3 Uncoupled-Core MCF and Coupled-Core MCF
- 5.4 Multicore EDFA
- 6 Summary
- References
- Modeling Long-Haul Optical Networks with Quasi-single-mode Fibers
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Theoretical Model
- 2.1 System Topology
- 2.2 Analytical Performance Evaluation
- 2.3 Numerical Simulations
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Crosstalk Mitigation in Long-Reach Multicore Fiber Communication Systems Using RKHS Based Nonlinear Equalization
- 1 Introduction
- 2 System Model
- 3 Proposed RKHS Based Nonlinear Equalizer
- 3.1 NC Based Sparsification
- 3.2 Computational Complexity
- 4 Simulations
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Physical Layer Security in Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 One-Time-Pad Data Encryption Using Synchronized True Random Sequences
- 2.1 One-Time-Pad Encryption System
- 2.2 Optical System for the Chaos Synchronization
- 2.3 True Random Bit Generation
- 2.4 One-Time-Pad Performance
- 3 Photonic PUFs as Physical Root of Trust for OFDM-Based Optical Communication Systems
- 3.1 PUF-Enabled Subcarrier Scrambler Module, to Cyber-Harden OFDM-Based Communications
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- A Gated Service MAC Protocol for 5G Fiber-Wireless Cloud-Radio Access Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 System Model
- 3 Gated Service MT-MAC Protocol (gMT-MAC)
- 3.1 Operational Example of gMT-MAC
- 4 Mean Packet Delay Analysis
- 5 Model Validation
- 5.1 Simulation Scenario
- 5.2 Results
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- 12 Gb/s Multiband Fiber-Wireless Link Using Coherent IFoF and V-band mmWave Radio
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Multi-band SSB IFoF Using IQ Modulation and Coherent Detection
- 3 25 km/50 km Fiber and 5 m V-band Wireless Transmission with SSB Using IQM-DD
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- System Innovations in Inter Data Center Transport Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Coherent WDM Transmission
- 3 Software Innovations and SDN
- 4 Innovations in Network Design and Optimization
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- SDN Control of Disaggregated Optical Networks with OpenConfig and OpenROADM
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Model Driven Development
- 2.1 The Yang Modeling Language
- 2.2 The NETCONF Architecture and Protocol
- 2.3 Common Network and Device Models
- 3 Targeted Use Cases and Disaggregation Models
- 4 Selected Data Models and Protocols
- 4.1 Transport API (T-API)
- 4.2 OpenConfig Terminal Device
- 4.3 OpenROADM Device Model
- 5 Network Operations and Service Workflow
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- Poster Papers
- Self-learning Routing for Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 RL for Optical Network Routing
- 2.1 Mathematical Representation of State and Action
- 2.2 Reward
- 2.3 Learning with Deep Q-Network
- 3 Simulations
- 3.1 Parameter Settings
- 3.2 Learning for a Reference Policy
- 3.3 Self learning
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Deterministic Contention Management for Low Latency Cloud RAN over an Optical Ring
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Model of C-RAN Traffic over an Optical Ring
- 3 Evaluation of the Latency on the N-GREEN Optical Ring
- 4 Deterministic Approach for Zero Latency
- 4.1 Reservation
- 4.2 Building Valid Assignment with Zero C-RAN Latency
- 4.3 Building Valid Assignment with Some C-RAN Latency
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Resource Analysis and Cost Modeling for End-to-End 5G Mobile Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 5G Network Architecture
- 2.1 Wireless Access Networks in 5G
- 2.2 Cloud Radio Access Networks
- 2.3 Multi-access Edge Computing
- 2.4 Backhaul for 5G Network
- 2.5 Core Network
- 2.6 5G Use Cases
- 3 Cost Model
- 3.1 Capacity Planning Estimation
- 3.2 Coverage, Cell Site and Traffic Capacity (TC) Calculation
- 3.3 Total Cost of Ownership
- 3.4 Capex Calculations
- 3.5 Opex Calculations
- 4 Case Study
- 5 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Analog IFoF/mmWave 5G Optical Fronthaul Architecture for Hot-Spots Using Multi-channel OFDM-Based WDM Signals
- 1 Introduction
- 2 5G Fronthaul Architecture for Stadiums
- 3 Simulation Modeling
- 4 Optical Fronthaul Performance Evaluation
- 4.1 Simulated Setup
- 4.2 Results
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Hybrid and Optical Packet Switching Supporting Different Service Classes in Data Center Network
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Hybrid Switch Architecture and Packets Preemption Policy
- 2.1 Hybrid Switch Architecture
- 2.2 Packets Preemption Policy
- 3 Study Methodology
- 4 Evaluation Results
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Reduction of Delay Overfulfillment in IP-over-DWDM Transport Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Problem Statement
- 3 Solution Approach
- 3.1 Path Generation
- 3.2 ILP Formulation
- 4 Evaluation
- 4.1 Network Topologies and Architecture
- 4.2 Traffic Demand
- 4.3 Reconfiguration
- 4.4 Varied Scenario Parameters
- 4.5 Results
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Design of a Real-Time DSP Engine on RF-SoC FPGA for 5G Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 State of the Art and Related Results
- 3 DSP Algorithm
- 3.1 Centralized DSP Engine
- 3.2 Algorithmic Treatment of Timing and Frequency Synchronization
- 3.3 A-IFoF Tx Pre-compensation and Rx Equalization
- 4 Base Band Digital Architecture
- 5 FPGA Design and Results
- 5.1 FFT Module
- 5.2 Phase Shift Estimation and Compensation
- 5.3 FPGA Results
- 6 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Performance of Underwater Wireless Optical Link Under Weak Turbulence and Pointing Errors Using Heterodyne QAM Technique
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Underwater Channel Modeling
- 3 Bit Error Rate Calculation
- 4 Numerical Results
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- MCF Skew Estimation at the Receiver for ARoF Antenna Beamforming
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Theoretical Model
- 3 Numerical Analysis
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Core Arrangement Based Spectrum-Efficient Path Selection in Core-Continuity Constrained SS-FONs
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Proposed: k-core Arrangement Based Paths (KCAP)
- 3 Performance Evaluation
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Topology and Failure Modeling for Optical Network Resilience Analysis Against Earthquakes
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Proposed Stochastic Failure and Optical Network Topology (SFONT) Model
- 3 Proposed Seismic Risk Aware Optical Network Densification (SRA-OND) Scheme
- 4 Performance Evaluation
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- A Performance Analysis of Supervised Learning Classifiers for QoT Estimation in ROADM-Based Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 System Setup and Data Generation
- 2.1 System Setup
- 2.2 Data Generation
- 3 Classification Algorithms and Optimization Techniques
- 3.1 Normal Classifiers
- 3.2 Ensemble Classifiers
- 4 Experiments and Results
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Programmable Flex-E and X-Ethernet Networks for Traffic Isolation in Multi-tenant Environments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Transport Network Slicing with Flex-E and X-Ethernet
- 3.1 Flex-E Basic Operation and Concepts
- 3.2 X-Ethernet Technology
- 4 Performance Evaluation
- 4.1 Flex-E Testbed, Experiment Description and Evaluation Results
- 4.2 X-Ethernet Testbed, Experiment Description and Evaluation Results
- 5 Enabling Programmability on Flex-E, X-Ethernet Networks an Integration with 5G-OS
- 6 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Q-Learning Based Joint Allocation of Fronthaul and Radio Resources in Multiwavelength-Enabled C-RAN
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Introduction
- 2.1 Multi-wavelength Enabled C-RAN Architecture
- 2.2 Multi-wavelength Enabled C-RAN Architecture
- 3 RL for Resource Scheduling Problem in C-RAN
- 3.1 Reinforcement Learning (Q-Learning Algorithm)
- 3.2 The Uplink Resource Allocation Scheduling Problem in Reinforcement Learning Context
- 4 Performance Evaluation Results
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Advanced Interconnect Technologies
- 1 Introduction
- 2 SDM Interconnect Architecture
- 2.1 SDM Coupler Design
- 2.2 Fabrication Tolerance Simulation
- 3 Losses in SDM Interconnects
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- Supporting Diverse Customers and Prioritized Traffic in Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation (DWBA) in PONs
- 3 Dynamic Wavelength Allocation Problem in NG-PON2
- 3.1 Proposed Methods and Priority Classes
- 4 Mathematical Formulation
- 4.1 Model Inputs
- 4.2 Objective and Constraints
- 5 Heuristics for Dynamic Wavelength Allocation Problem
- 5.1 No Block-Split Heuristic (NBH)
- 5.2 Equal Block-Split Heuristic (EBH)
- 5.3 Priority Based No Block-Split Heuristic (P-NBH)
- 5.4 Priority Based Equal Block-Split Heuristic (P-EBH)
- 5.5 Priority Based Decider Block-Split Heuristic (P-DBH)
- 6 Experimental Results and Analysis
- 6.1 MILP Versus Heuristic
- 6.2 Priority Class Effect in Delay and Bandwidth Wastage
- 7 Conclusion
- References
- Correction to: Optical Network Design and Modeling
- Correction to: A. Tzanakaki et al. (Eds.): Optical Network Design and Modeling, LNCS 11616, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38085-4
- Author Index
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