Approaches to Grammaticalization

Name: Approaches to Grammaticalization | Volume I. Theoretical and methodological issues
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Volume I. Theoretical and methodological issues

Elizabeth Closs Traugott Bernd Heine(Editor)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

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Published on 15. October 1991

XII, 360 pages

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APPROACHES TO GRAMMATICALIZATION
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
ABBREVIATIONS
Foreword
Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE LEXICAL ITEM& MORPHEME MODEL
3. THE DISCOURSE & MORPHOSYNTAX PERSPECTIVE
4. THE GRAMMATICAL CODING PERSPECTIVE ON GRAMMATICALIZATION
5. THE RELATION OF DIACHRONIC GRAMMATICALIZATION TO LANGUAGE CHANGE
6. THE UNIDIRECTIONALITY OF GRAMMATICALIZATION
7. COUNTEREXAMPLES TO UNIDIRECTIONALITY
8. MECHANISMS OF LANGUAGE CHANGE RELEVANT TO GRAMMATICALIZATION
9. CONDITIONS LICENSING GRAMMATICALIZATION
10. SOME QUESTIONS FOR THE FURTHER STUDY OF GRAMMATICALIZATION
11. ORGANIZATION OF THE VOLUMES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
SECTION A: GENERAL METHOD
On Some Principles of Grammaticization
1. INTRODUCTION1
2. GRAMMAR: SOME WORKING ASSUMPTIONS
3. THE PRINCIPLES
3.1. Layering
3.2. Divergence
3.3. Specialization
3.4. Persistence
3.5. De-categorialization
4. CONCLUSIONS
NOTES
REFERENCES
On the Gradualness of Grammaticalization
1. INTRODUCTION
2. VERB-LIKE PREPOSITIONS
2.1. Indexing of direct objects
2.2. Verb-like prepositions: Similarities to transitive verbs
2.3. Other prepositions
2.4. Reduced variants of the verb-like prepositions
2.5. Frequencies of use of the innovative variants
2.6. Emergence of a new syntactic subcategory
3. A VERB-LIKE PREPOSITION AND A CONJUNCTION
4. VERB-LIKE COMPLEMENTIZERS
4.1. Pairings of prepositional and complementizer functions
4.2. Variant forms of the complementizers
4.3. Pairing of the ablative and the purpose functions
4.4. Functional shifts among the complementizers
5. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
NOTES
REFERENCES
SerialVerbs and the Mental Reality of 'Event': Grammatical vs. Cognitive Packaging
1. THE PHENOMENON
2. THEORETICAL ISSUES: GRAMMAR VS. COGNITION
3. EMPIRICAL ISSUES: GRAMMAR VS. BEHAVIOR
4. METHODOLOGY
4.1. Languages
4.2. Textelicitation
4.2.1. The 'chicken story' movie
4.2.2.Elicitation procedures and speakers
4.3. Transcription of texts
4.4. Phonetic processing of tapes
4.5. Pause measurement
5. RESULTS OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
5.1. Preamble
5.2.Tok Pisin
5.2.1. Verb serialization in Tok Pisin
5.2.2. Quantitative results: Tok Pisin
5.2.2.1. On-line text
5.2.2.2. Post-view text
5.3. Kalam
5.3.1. Verb serialization in Kalam
5.3.2. Quantitative results: Kalam
5.3.2.1. On-line text
5.3.2.2. Post-view text
5.4. Tairora
5.4.1. Verb serialization in Tairora
5.4.2. Quantitative results: Tairora
5.4.2.1. On-line text
5.4.2.2. Post-view text
6. OVERALL COMPARISON
6.1. Serial-verb density
6.2. Pause distribution
6.3. The effect of the on-line text-elicitation technique on pause distribution
6.4. Adjacency to another verb-stem and the potential for co-lexicalization or co-grammaticalization
6.5. Adjacency to object or instrument nouns: Potential for grammaticalization as case-markers
7. SOME TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS
7.1. Empirical methodology
7.2. Grammar and culture: Typological vs. cognitive variability
8. POSSIBLE EXTENSIONS
8.1. Other types of verb serialization
8.2. The clause-type continuum
8.3. Gradual vs. instantaneous grammaticalization
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NOTES
REFERENCES
Grammaticalization as Retextualization
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DESCRIPTIVE NOTIONS
3. OLD RUSSIAN PREDICATIVE INSTRUMENTAL
4. PREHISTORY OF THE PREDICATIVE INSTRUMENTAL
5. MIDDLE RUSSIAN PREDICATIVE INSTRUMENTAL
6. CONCLUSIONS
ABBREVIATIONS
Notes
REFERENCES
SECTION B: DIRECTIONALITY
From Cognition to Grammar - Evidence from African Languages
1. INTRODUCTION1
2. THE COGNITIVE SETTING
2.1. An underlying principle
2.2. Source structures
2.2.1. Concepts
2.2.2. Propositions
2.2.3. Source structures and target structures
2.3. Transfer
2.3.1. Some prerequisite notions: "Bleaching" and "abstraction
2.3.2. Metaphor
2.3.3. Chaining
2.4. Context-induced reinterpretation (CIR)
3. GRAMMAR
3.1. Reanalysis
3.2. Dependency
3.3. Grammaticalization chains
3.4. Grammaticalization and discourse role
3.5. Problems of grammatical description
3.5.1. 'Back' in So
3.5.2. Some conclusions
4. Summary
NOTES
REFERENCES
The Semantics-Pragmatics of Grammaticalization Revisited
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SOME THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS
3. THE CONVENTIONALIZING OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES
3.1. Inferred causation
3.2. From concomitance to concessivity
3.3. From temporals to preference to denial markers
4. STRENGTHENING OF INFORMATIVENESS VS. METAPHORIC PROCESSES
5. CONCLUSION
NOTES
REFERENCES
The De Dicto Domain in Language
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE PAPER
2. FROM DEMONSTRATIVE TO COMPLEMENTIZER
2.1. What needs to be explained
2.2. Hypothesis
2.3. Evidence
2.3.1. Demonstrative and propositional anaphora
2.3.2. Definite article
2.3.2. Complements of the verba dicendi
2.4. Complements of verba dicendi as complements of other verbs
2.5. A case study: Complementizer in Mupun
2.5.1. The f orm of the complementizer
2.5.2. Anaphora n? as complementizer
2.5.3. Complementizer n? as the sole marker of de dicto
2.5.4. Epistemic modality after verba dicendi
2.5.5. De dicto and the hypothetical: Complements of verbs of perception
3. RELATIVE CLAUSES
4. DE DICTO REFERENCE SYSTEMS
4.1. Two properties
4.2. Locative anaphora
4.3. Formal distinctions in the de dicto referential systems
4.3.1. Addressees in the de dicto and de re domains
4.3.2. Interrogative pronouns
4.3.3. Plural verb in an interrogative clause
4.3.4. Quantifiers and de dicto referents
4.3.5. Gender in the de dicto domain in English
5. CONCLUSIONS
ABBREVIATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NOTES
REFERENCES
The Grammaticalization of Rhetorical Questionsin Tamil
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS: THE THREE TAMIL TYPES
2.1. CRQs
2.2. TRQs
2.3. RTags
3. THE INTERACTIVE BASIS OF RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
3.1. Rhetorical questions in traditional performance narrative
4. FROM "EXPRESSIVE" TO "TEXTUAL" FUNCTIONS
4.1. Expressive functions of CRQs
4.2. Expressive functions of TRQs
4.3. Expressive functions of RTags
5. THE GRAMMATICALIZED STATUS OF RQ ELEMENTS
5.1. From TRQ to conjunction
5.2. From RTag to relativizer
6. FROM MORE OR LESS PRAGMATIC: IMPLICATIONS FOR ATHEORY OF GRAMMATICALIZATION
ABBREVIATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NOTES
REFERENCES
Some Grammaticalization Changes in Estonian and their Implications
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MODUS OBLIQUUS
3. EXPLANATIONS
4. QUESTION PARTICLES
5. IMPLICATIONS
6. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NOTES
REFERENCES
The Last Stages of Grammatical Elements: Contractive and Expansive Desemanticization
NOTES
REFERENCES
Substrates, Calquing and Grammaticalization in Melanesian Pidgin
1. INTRODUCTION1
2. TRANSITIVE MARKING
3. PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
4. THE CALQUING PROCESS: THE CASE OF KAM AND GO
5. PREVERBAL PARTICLES MARKING ASPECT/MOOD/ MODALITY
6. POSTVERBAL PERFECT-MARKING PARTICLES
7. KAM AND GO AS AUXILIARIES
8. CONCLUSIONS
ABBREVIATIONS
NOTES
REFERENCES
Volume I. Index of languages
Volume I. Index of names
Volume I. Index of subjects

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