
Third Networks and Services
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Content
- Third Networks and Services
- Contents
- Foreword by Nan Chen
- Foreword by Michael Lanman
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Basic Ethernet
- 1.3 Synchronization
- 1.4 Pseudowires
- 1.5 Protection
- 1.6 Carrier Ethernet Architectures and Services
- 1.7 Carrier Ethernet Traffic Management
- 1.8 Ethernet Operations, Administrations and Maintenance (OAM)
- 1.9 Circuit Emulation
- 1.10 Ethernet Local Management Interface
- 1.11 Provider Backbone Transport
- 1.12 T-MPLS and MPLS-TP
- 1.13 Virtual Private LAN Services
- 1.14 Information Modeling
- 1.15 The Third Network
- Chapter 2 Basic Ethernet
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 CSMA/CD
- 2.3 Full Duplex, PAUSE, Autonegotiation
- 2.4 Repeaters and Hubs
- 2.5 Bridges
- 2.6 Switches
- 2.7 Physical Layer
- 2.7.1 10-Mbps Ethernet
- 2.7.2 Fast Ethernet
- 2.7.3 Gigabit Ethernet
- 2.7.4 10-Gb, 40-Gb, and 100-Gb Ethernet
- 2.7.5 LAN PHY
- 2.7.6 LAN PHY/WAN PHY Sublayers
- 2.8 Temperature Hardening
- 2.9 Standards
- 2.10 Ethernet Frame Types and the EtherType Field
- 2.10.1 Ethernet Frames
- 2.10.2 Ethernet Address
- 2.10.3 Ethernet II or DIX
- 2.10.4 IEEE 802.3
- 2.10.5 IEEE 802.2
- 2.10.6 SNAP
- 2.11 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3 Synchronization
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Application Requirements
- 3.3 Synchronization Standards
- 3.4 NTP/SNTP
- 3.5 Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588)
- 3.6 Synchronous Ethernet Networks
- 3.6.1 Clocking Methods for Synchronization
- 3.6.2 Impact of Packet Network Impairments on Synchronization
- 3.6.3 Stabilization Period
- 3.6.4 IWF Synchronization Function
- 3.6.5 PRC
- 3.6.6 Operation Modes
- 3.6.7 Frequency Accuracy of Slave Clock
- 3.6.8 EEC
- 3.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4 Pseudowires
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Protocol Layers
- 4.3 Payload Types
- 4.4 Pseudowire Architectures
- 4.4.1 PWE3 Preprocessing
- 4.4.2 Payload Convergence Layer
- 4.4.3 PW Demultiplexer Layer and PSN
- 4.4.4 Maintenance Reference Model
- 4.5 Control Plane
- 4.5.1 PWE3 over an IP PSN
- 4.5.2 PWE3 over an MPLS PSN
- 4.6 Multisegment Architecture
- 4.7 Multisegment Pseudowire Setup Mechanisms
- 4.7.1 LDP SP-PE TLV
- 4.8 Resiliency
- 4.9 Quality of Service and Congestion Control
- 4.10 Operations and Maintenance
- 4.11 Security
- 4.12 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 5 Ethernet Protection
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 APS Entities
- 5.3 Linear Protection
- 5.3.1 1 + 1 Protection Switching
- 5.3.2 1:1 Protection Switching
- 5.3.3 Protection Switching Triggers
- 5.3.4 APS PDU Format
- 5.4 Ring Protection
- 5.4.1 Protection Switching
- 5.5 Link Aggregation
- 5.5.1 LAG Objectives
- 5.5.2 Link Aggregation Operation
- 5.5.3 LACP
- 5.5.4 Limitations
- 5.6 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6 Carrier Ethernet Architecture and Services
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Architecture
- 6.2.1 Protocol Stack
- 6.2.2 ETH Layer Characteristic Information (Ethernet Frame)
- 6.2.3 ETH Layer Functions
- 6.2.4 ETH Links
- 6.3 Interfaces and Types of Connections
- 6.3.1 UNI
- 6.3.2 Ethernet Virtual Connection
- 6.3.3 External Network-Network Interface (ENNI)
- 6.3.4 Operator Virtual Connection
- 6.3.5 VUNI/RUNI
- 6.4 EVC Services and Attributes
- 6.4.1 Ethernet Service Types
- 6.4.2 Ethernet Service Definitions
- 6.4.3 Common Attributes for EVC Services
- 6.4.4 E-Line Services Attributes and Parameters
- 6.4.5 E-LAN Services Attributes and Parameters
- 6.4.6 E-Tree Services Attributes and Parameters
- 6.5 OVC Services and Attributes
- 6.5.1 Operator Services Attributes
- 6.6 Single CEN and Multi-CEN L2CP (Processing for Single CEN and Multi-CEN)
- 6.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7 Carrier Ethernet Traffic Management
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Policing
- 7.3 Queuing, Scheduling, and Flow Control
- 7.4 Three-CoS Model
- 7.5 Service-Level Agreements
- 7.5.1 Frame Delay Performance
- 7.5.2 Frame Delay Range Performance
- 7.5.3 Mean Frame Delay Performance
- 7.5.4 Frame Delay Variation
- 7.5.5 Frame Loss Ratio
- 7.6 SLSs
- 7.6.1 Multipoint CoS Performance Objectives
- 7.6.2 Focused Overload
- 7.7 Application-CoS-Priority Mapping
- 7.7.1 CoS Identification
- 7.7.2 PCP and DSCP Mapping
- 7.8 Bandwidth Profile
- 7.8.1 Bandwidth Profile Algorithms
- 7.8.2 Models and Use Cases for Bandwidth Profiles
- 7.9 CBS Values, TCP, and Shaping
- 7.10 Conclusions
- References
- Bibliography
- Chapter 8 Carrier Ethernet Operation, Administration, Management, and Performance
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Link OAM
- 8.3 Service OAM
- 8.4 Maintenance Entities
- 8.5 Maintenance Points
- 8.6 OAM Addressing and Frame Format
- 8.7 Continuity Check Message (CCM)
- 8.8 Loopback and Reply Messages (LBM and LBR)
- 8.9 Link Trace and Reply Messages (LTM and LTR)
- 8.10 Ethernet Alarm Indication Signal (ETH-AIS)
- 8.11 Ethernet Remote Defect Indication (ETH-RDI)
- 8.12 Ethernet Locked Signal (ETH-LCK)
- 8.13 Performance Measurements
- 8.14 Performance Monitoring
- 8.15 Frame Loss Measurements
- 8.16 Availability
- 8.17 Frame Delay Measurements
- 8.18 Interframe Delay Variation Measurements
- 8.19 Testing
- 8.19.1 Y.1731 Testing
- 8.19.2 RFC 2544
- 8.19.3 Complete Service Testing
- 8.19.4 Service Activation Testing
- 8.19.5 SAT Control Protocol and Messages
- 8.20 Performance Monitoring Solutions
- 8.21 Security
- 8.22 OAM Bandwidth
- 8.23 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 9 Circuit Emulation Services
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Circuit Emulation Functions
- 9.3 Adaptation Function Headers
- 9.4 Synchronization
- 9.5 TDM Application Signaling
- 9.6 CESoETH Defects and Alarms
- 9.7 Performance Monitoring of CESoETH
- 9.8 CESoETH Service Configuration
- 9.9 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10 Carrier Ethernet Local Management Interface
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 E-LMI Messages
- 10.3 E-LMI Message Elements
- 10.4 E-LMI System Parameters and Procedures
- 10.4.1 Periodic Polling Process
- 10.5 UNI-C and N Procedures
- 10.6 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 11 Provider Bridges, Provider Backbone Bridges, and Provider Backbone Transport
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 IEEE 802.1AB
- 11.2.1 Architecture
- 11.2.2 Principles of Operation
- 11.2.3 802.1AB Frame Format
- 11.3 Provider Backbone Bridges
- 11.3.1 802.1ah Frame Format
- 11.3.2 PBB Principles of Operation
- 11.3.3 Provider Backbone Bridge Network
- 11.4 Provider Backbone Transport
- 11.4.1 Principles of Operation
- 11.4.2 End-to-End Carrier Ethernet with Multiple PBT Domains and Single Domain
- 11.4.3 PBB-TE Network
- 11.4.4 PBT: MPLS Internetworking
- 11.5 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 12 Transport MPLS
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Differences from MPLS
- 12.3 Architecture
- 12.3.1 T-MPLS Interfaces
- 12.4 T-MPLS Frame Structure
- 12.5 T-MPLS Networks
- 12.5.1 T-MPLS Protection
- 12.6 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13 MPLS Transport Profile
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Frame Format
- 13.3 Architecture
- 13.3.1 Data Plane
- 13.3.2 MPLS-TP Router Types
- 13.3.3 Service Interfaces
- 13.3.4 IP Transport Service
- 13.3.5 Generic Associated Channel
- 13.3.6 Control Plane
- 13.3.7 Network Management
- 13.4 OAM
- 13.4.1 OAM Hierarchy
- 13.4.2 OAM Functions for Proactive Monitoring
- 13.4.3 Data Plane Loopback, RDI, AIS
- 13.4.4 Client Failure Indication, Route Tracing, and Lock Instruct
- 13.5 Protection Switching
- 13.6 Security Considerations
- 13.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 14 Virtual Private LAN Services
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Data Plane
- 14.2.1 VPLS Encapsulation
- 14.2.2 Classification and Forwarding
- 14.2.3 MAC Address Learning and Aging
- 14.3 LDP-Based VPLS
- 14.3.1 Flooding, Forwarding, and Address Learning
- 14.3.2 Tunnel Topology
- 14.3.3 Discovery
- 14.3.4 LDP-Based Signaling
- 14.3.5 Data Forwarding on an Ethernet PW
- 14.3.6 Hierarchical VPLS
- 14.4 BGP Approach
- 14.4.1 Auto-Discovery
- 14.4.2 Signaling
- 14.4.3 BGP VPLS Operation
- 14.4.4 Multi-AS VPLS
- 14.4.5 Hierarchical BGP VPLS
- 14.5 Security
- 14.6 External Network-Network Interface
- 14.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 15 Information Modeling
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Information Modeling of Carrier Ethernet Services for EMS and NMS
- 15.2.1 Management of EVC, OVC and ELMI and Discovery of Ethernet
- 15.2.2 Carrier Ethernet Service OAM Configuration
- 15.2.3 Carrier Ethernet Service Performance Management
- 15.2.4 Carrier Ethernet Fault Management
- 15.2.5 Common Management Objects for Carrier Ethernet Services
- 15.2.6 Class Diagrams of ITU-T Q.840.1 Carrier Ethernet Management Entities
- 15.2.7 Carrier Ethernet Management Entities
- 15.2.8 ENNI and Virtual UNI Related Objects
- 15.2.9 Fault Management Objects
- 15.2.10 Performance Monitoring Objects
- 15.2.11 ENNI and OVC MIBs
- 15.2.12 SOAM FM MIB [16]
- 15.2.13 SOAM PM MIB [24]
- 15.3 Service-Level Information Modeling
- 15.3.1 EVC
- 15.3.2 OVC
- 15.3.3 Carrier Ethernet External Interface
- 15.3.4 UNI
- 15.3.5 ENNI
- 15.3.6 ENNI Service
- 15.3.7 Egress Equivalence Class Identifier
- 15.4 YANG Models for Carrier Ethernet Services
- 15.4.1 SOAM YANG CFM Module [20]
- 15.4.2 SOAM FM YANG Module
- 15.4.3 PM YANG Module [39]
- 15.5 Network Resource Model for Carrier Ethernet Services
- 15.6 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 16 Third Network
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Life-Cycle Service Orchestration
- 16.3 LSO Management Abstractions and Constructs
- 16.4 Virtualization
- 16.5 Network Virtualization
- 16.6 Virtualized Carrier Ethernet Services
- 16.6.1 Components of Virtualized Carrier Ethernet Services
- 16.6.2 Service Chaining for EPL
- 16.7 Cloud Services Architectures
- 16.7.1 Protocol Stacks and Interfaces
- 16.7.2 Cloud Services
- 16.7.3 Network as a Service
- 16.7.4 Infrastructure as a Service
- 16.7.5 Security as a Service
- 16.7.6 Platform as a Service
- 16.7.7 Software as a Service
- 16.7.8 Communication as a Service
- 16.8 Conclusion
- References
- About the Authors
- Index
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