Tinnitus - An Interdisciplinary Approach Towards Individualized Treatment

Name: Tinnitus - An Interdisciplinary Approach Towards Individualized Treatment
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Published on 24. February 2021

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Intro
Tinnitus - An Interdisciplinary Approach Towards Individualized Treatment: From Heterogeneity to Personalized Medicine
Copyright
Contributors
Contents
Preface
1. Targeting tinnitus heterogeneity
2. Methodological aspects in measuring heterogeneous samples
3. Toward personalized and personalizable approaches for tinnitus treatment
References
Chapter 1: Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary pr ...
1. Introduction
2. Current situation: Commonly used definitions, characteristics and diagnostic classification
2.1. Why is there no consensus definition?
2.2. The sensory and affective dimensions of tinnitus
3. Requirements for a definition of tinnitus
3.1. Tinnitus: Symptom or disorder
3.2. Relevant aspects for the definition and diagnostic classification of tinnitus
3.2.1. Objective and subjective tinnitus
3.3. Acute and chronic tinnitus
4. Measurement of tinnitus
5. Proposal for diagnostic criteria of tinnitus and tinnitus disorder
6. Conclusion
7. Outlook and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2: Cochlear implantation for patients with tinnitus - A systematic review
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Protocol and registration
2.2. Search strategy
2.3. Study selection
2.4. Data collection and analysis
2.4.1. Quality assessment of the studies
2.4.2. Data extraction and synthesis
2.4.3. Outcome measures
2.4.4. Meta-analysis
3. Results
3.1. Search strategy and study selection
3.2. Quality of the included studies
3.2.1. Confounding
3.2.2. Selection of participants
3.2.3. Classification of interventions
3.2.4. Deviation from intended intervention
3.2.5. Missing data
3.2.6. Measurement of outcomes
3.2.7. Selection of reported result
3.3. Data extraction and study characteristics
3.3.1. Trial design and study sample
3.3.2. Intervention
3.3.3. Outcomes measures
3.4. Effect of interventions
3.4.1. Multi-item tinnitus questionnaire scores
3.4.2. Single-item tinnitus questionnaire scores
3.4.3. CI On vs CI Off
3.4.4. Total suppression
3.4.5. Adverse effects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Funding sources
References
Chapter 3: Subjective hearing ability, physical and mental comorbidities in individuals with bothersome tinnitus in a Swe ...
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Study design and sample
2.2. Variables
2.2.1. Outcome variable
2.2.2. Predictors
2.3. Statistical analysis
2.3.1. Descriptive analyses
2.3.2. Logistic regression models
2.3.3. Logistic mediation models
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive analyses
3.2. Logistic regression models
3.2.1. Subjective hearing
3.2.2. Physical comorbidities
3.2.3. Mental comorbidities
3.3. Logistic mediation models
3.3.1. X: Mental comorbidities, M: Subjective hearing, Y: Bothersome tinnitus (vs. non-bothersome tinnitus)
3.3.2. X: Physical comorbidities, M: Mental comorbidities, Y: Bothersome tinnitus (vs. non-bothersome tinnitus)
3.3.3. X: Subjective hearing, M: Mental comorbidities, Y: Bothersome tinnitus (vs. non-bothersome tinnitus)
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence
4.2. Age and gender
4.3. Subjective hearing
4.4. Physical comorbidities
4.5. Mental comorbidities
4.6. Clinical implications
4.7. Limitations
4.8. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
Data availability statement
References
Chapter 4: Exploring tinnitus heterogeneity
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study design
2.2. Data collection
2.2.1. Demographical factors
2.2.2. Assessing tinnitus severity
2.2.3. Assessing tinnitus-related comorbidities
2.3. Data analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Tinnitus subgroups
3.2.1. Tinnitus subgroups based on tinnitus severity
3.2.2. Tinnitus subgroups based on demographical variables
3.2.3. Tinnitus subgroups based on tinnitus-related comorbidities
3.3. Factors underlying tinnitus severity
3.3.1. Predicting tinnitus severity from demographical variables
3.3.2. Predicting tinnitus severity from tinnitus-related comorbidities
3.3.3. Predicting tinnitus severity from demographic and tinnitus-related comorbidities
4. Discussion
4.1. Study implications
4.2. Study limitations and future directions
References
Chapter 5: Separate auditory pathways for the induction and maintenance of tinnitus and hyperacusis?
1. Introduction
1.1. Tinnitus and hyperacusis
1.2. Etiologies suggested by animal studies
2. Where do the three SFR groups of ANFs project?
2.1. Cell types in the cochlear nucleus
2.2. Pathways to the cortex and back
3. Is there a role for the brainstem reticular formation?
3.1. The reticular formation and the auditory system
3.2. Role of the RF in hyperacusis
4. A detour through the cerebellum
5. Involvement of non-auditory cortical areas in animal models of tinnitus and hyperacusis
6. Effects of noise exposure in lemniscal and extra-lemniscal pathways
6.1. Permanent threshold shifts
6.1.1. Behavioral signs of hyperacusis and tinnitus
6.2. Temporary threshold shifts
6.2.1. Behavioral signs of tinnitus after TTS
6.2.2. Behavioral signs of hyperacusis after TTS
6.2.3. Questioning the role of central gain in tinnitus and hyperacusis
6.3. Burst firing as a sign of tinnitus?
7. Potential different pathways for igniting hyperacusis and tinnitus suggested by animal studies
8. Human data
8.1. Auditory pathways
8.2. Non-auditory pathways and structures
8.3. Structural brain changes related to tinnitus or hearing loss?
8.4. Network connectivity changes
8.4.1. MRI based
8.4.2. EEG/MEG based
9. Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 6: Prediction of tinnitus masking benefit within a case series using a spiking neural network model
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participant characteristics
2.1.1. Hearing assessment
2.1.2. Tinnitus assessment
2.2. EEG
2.3. Masking sounds
2.4. Allocation
2.5. Sound player and instructions
2.6. Intermediate evaluations
2.7. Follow-up appointment (3 months after the fitting appointment)
2.8. Fitting appointment and follow-up appointments: Second and third treatment sound
2.9. Analysis
2.9.1. Behavioral data
2.9.2. EEG
3. Results
3.1. Behavioral outcomes
3.2. Prediction of outcomes using behavioural data
3.3. Computational modeling of EEG data using brain-inspired SNN architecture
3.3.1. Experiment 1. SNN connectivity
3.3.2. Experiment 2. Pattern classification
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments of participating authors' contributions
Conflicts of interest and source of funding
References
Chapter 7: A portable neurofeedback device for treating chronic subjective tinnitus: Feasibility and results of a pilot study
1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
2.1. Trial design
2.2. EEG recording
2.3. Neurofeedback training and EEG online processing
2.4. Subject guidance
2.5. Off-line EEG data processing and analyses
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Clinical outcome
3.2. Neurofeedback learning evaluation
4. Discussion
4.1. Merits
4.2. Limits
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8: Impact of personality on acoustic tinnitus suppression and emotional reaction to stimuli sounds
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Psychometry
2.3. Audiometry and tinnitus matching
2.4. Acoustic stimulation
2.5. Statistical analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive data
3.2. Personality and emotional reaction to sounds
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Web-based discussion forums reveal the person-centered relevance and importance of tinnitus
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Study overview
2.2. Participants
2.3. Design of the web discussion forum
2.4. Moderation style
2.5. Qualitative analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. The lived experience of tinnitus
3.2.1. Diversity of tinnitus experiences
3.2.2. Severity of tinnitus complaints
3.2.3. Short-term fluctuations
3.2.4. Life's journey
3.2.5. Feeling misunderstood
3.3. Perspectives on interventions for tinnitus
3.3.1. Impact of tinnitus depends on the context and the task
3.3.2. Aspirations for treatment success
3.3.3. Issues relating to sound devices for managing symptoms
3.3.4. Issues relating to psychological approaches for managing symptoms
3.4. Experience of participating in a web discussion forum
3.4.1. Cross-cultural equivalence of terms written in English
3.4.2. Benefits of participation
3.4.3. Emotions running high
4. Discussion
4.1. Frustrations in living with tinnitus and suffering
4.2. Parallels in ``living well with hearing loss´´
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10: Auditory experience, for a certain duration, is a prerequisite for tinnitus: lessons from subjects with unila ...
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Audiological and psychoacoustic evaluations
2.3. Statistical analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants' characteristics
3.2. Psychoacoustic characteristics of tinnitus
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations and future perspectives
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 11: Conventional versus notch filter amplification for the treatment of tinnitus in adults with mild-to-moderate
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Tinnitus assessment
2.2.1. Questionnaires
2.2.2. Pitch matching
2.3. Hearing aid fitting
2.4. Procedures
2.5. Data analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Conflicts of interest and source of funding
References
Chapter 12: Total remission or persistence of tinnitus and decreased sound level tolerance in adolescents with normal aud ...
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design and setting
2.2. Sample selection
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Statistical analyses
3. Results
3.1. Tinnitus persistence and remission in the sound chamber were observed one-year later
3.2. Confirmed tinnitus was accompanied by reduced sound level tolerance
3.3. Confirmed tinnitus was accompanied by high frequency threshold shift
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence of tinnitus in adolescents
4.2. Confirmed tinnitus was associated with reduced sound level tolerance
4.3. Noise exposure or intrinsic vulnerability
4.4. Episodic tinnitus versus tinnitus remission
4.5. Putative sources and mechanisms
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13: Long-lasting total remission of tinnitus: A systematic collection of cases
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data collection
2.3. Statistical methods
3. Results
3.1. Sample description
3.2. Total remission of tinnitus
3.3. Self-reported comorbidities and etiology of tinnitus
3.4. Long-lasting total remission of tinnitus
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: An exploration of psychological symptom-based phenotyping of adult cochlear implant users with and without ti ...
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Patient sample
2.2. Psychological measures of anxiety, depression and insomnia
2.3. Self-report measures of tinnitus
2.4. Mixture model analysis
2.5. Statistical analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient characteristics
3.2. Psychological phenotypes
3.3. Association of phenotypes with tinnitus
4. Discussion
4.1. Psychological phenotypes and tinnitus in CI users
4.2. Implications for clinical management
4.3. Implications for future phenotyping studies
Acknowledgments
Appendix
References
Chapter 15: The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism regulates vulnerability to chronic stress and phantom perception
1. Significance statement
2. Introduction
3. Methods
3.1. Participants
3.2. Genotyping
3.3. EEG data collection
3.4. Source localization
3.5. Statistical analyses on the whole brain
3.6. Region of interest analysis
3.7. Lagged phase coherence
3.8. Statistical analyses for the lagged phase coherence
3.9. Granger causality
4. Results
4.1. Genetic characteristics
4.2. Behavioral results
5. Behavioral
5.1. Whole brain analysis
5.2. Functional connectivity: Lagged phase coherence
5.3. Effective connectivity: Granger causality
6. Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16: Audiological findings in professionals exposed to music and their relation with tinnitus
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. General characteristics
2.2. Comparison between groups with and without tinnitus (G0 vs. Gt)
2.3. Comparison between Gt (tinnitus) vs. G0 (no tinnitus) in participants with normal PTA (GnPTA_0 vs. GnPTA_t)
3. Discussion
3.1. Tinnitus prevalence in musicians
3.2. Tinnitus in musicians
3.3. Audiological tests and tinnitus in musicians
3.4. Strengths: Limitations
3.5. Experimental procedure
3.6. Exclusion criteria
3.7. Procedure
3.8. Statistical analysis
Funding
References
Chapter 17: Lidocaine injections to the otic ganglion for the treatment of tinnitus-A pilot study
1. Introduction
1.1. Ganglion oticum and trigeminal structures
1.2. Effects of lidocaine on tinnitus
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Injections
2.3. Tinnitus assessment
2.4. Data handling
3. Results
4. Discussion
References
Chapter 18: Paradoxical relationship between distress and functional network topology in phantom sound perception
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Study participants
2.2. Audiological and behavioral assessments
2.3. Magnetic resonance imaging
2.3.1. Acquisition
2.3.2. Preprocessing
2.4. Wavelet transformation and construction of frequency-specific connectivity matrix
2.5. Construction of real and random networks
2.6. Proportional thresholding of real networks
2.7. Network measures
2.7.1. Global efficiency
2.7.2. Characteristic path length
2.7.3. Clustering coefficient
2.7.4. Small-worldness
2.7.5. Edge-betweenness centrality of rich-club and feeder edges
2.7.6. Network resilience against rich-club and feeder connections
2.8. Statistical analysis
2.9. Path analysis
2.10. Comparison of models
3. Results
3.1. Behavioral factors
3.2. Distress severity and network measures
3.3. Distress severity and edge-betweenness centrality of selected edges
3.4. Distress severity and network resilience against removing selected edges
3.5. Network efficiency and centrality of selected edges
3.6. Network efficiency and resilience against removing selected edges
3.7. Path analysis on relationship between distress and network measures
4. Discussion
4.1. Distress-efficiency and its relation to functional integration and segregation
4.2. Distress-efficiency and its relation to centrality and resilience of rich-club and feeder nodes
4.3. Predictive Relationship between Tinnitus Distress and Network Efficiency
4.4. Effects of the tinnitus stressor on brain networks
4.5. Future Directions
5. Conclusion
Ethical statement
Disclosure
Author contributions
Data accessibility statement
References
Chapter 19: Phonetic perception but not perception of speaker gender is impaired in chronic tinnitus
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Stimuli
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Perceptual tasks
2.5. Data analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample characteristics
3.2. Experiment 1
3.3. Experiment 2
3.4. Additional analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 20: Efficacy and safety of single- and repeated-selurampanel dosing for 2 weeks in patients with chronic su
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study design
2.2. Patients
2.3. Study endpoints
2.4. Safety assessments
2.5. Statistical analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient characteristics
3.2. Primary efficacy results
3.2.1. TBF-12
3.2.2. VAS
3.3. Supportive analysis
3.3.1. TBF-12
3.3.2. VAS
3.4. Tinnitus loudness and annoyance by VAS after single and multiple doses
3.5. Safety results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Conflict of interest
Funding
References
Chapter 21: Towards a unification of treatments and interventions for tinnitus patients: The EU research and innovation a ...
1. Background
2. Toward a personalized treatment approach
3. UNITI management and project details
4. Concept and methodology
5. Randomized clinical trial (RCT)
6. Genetic and biomarker analysis
7. Decision support system
8. Financial estimation analysis
Acknowledgments
References

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Tinnitus - An Interdisciplinary Approach Towards Individualized Treatment

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