Priestly Rites and Prophetic Rage

Name: Priestly Rites and Prophetic Rage | Post-Exilic Prophetic Critique of the Priesthood
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Post-Exilic Prophetic Critique of the Priesthood

Lena-Sofia Tiemeyer(Author)

Mohr Siebeck (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 18. May 2020

318 pages

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978-3-16-157843-4 (ISBN)

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Cover
Titel
Preface
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
Chapter 1: History of Research
1. Introduction: a divided Judah
2. Isaiah 56-66
2.1. A division between the returned exiles and the Samarians
2.2. A division between the Pharisees and the Sadducees
2.3. A division between the prophets' followers and the priests
2.4. A division between parties
2.4.1. Critique of Hanson's theory
3. Haggai and Zechariah 1-8
4. Proposal
Chapter 2: Defining the Borders of the Passages Dealing with the Priesthood
1. Introduction
2. Malachi
2.1 Malachi 1:6-2:9
2.2 Malachi 2:10-16
2.2.1. References to the altar, the temple and its personnel
2.2.2. Inter-textual links to Malachi 1:6-2:9
2.2.3. Priestly terminology
2.2.4. Links with other texts where the priests might be addressed
2.2.5. Conclusion
2.3. A priestly audience throughout Malachi 2:17-3:4
2.3.1. The redaction history of Malachi 2:17-3:4
2.3.2. Malachi 3:1 - References to the temple
2.3.3. Malachi 3:2-4 - Cleaning of the priesthood
2.3.4. Similarities with other that probably address the priests
2.4. Malachi 3:6ff.
2.5. Conclusion
3. Haggai
3.1. Lack of continuity between Haggai 2:14 and 15
3.2. The redactional character of Haggai 2:18
4. Zechariah 1-8
4.1. The secondary character of Zechariah 3:8b and 10
4.2. The integral character of Zechariah 3:6-7
4.3. Zechariah 7:1-8:24
5. Isaiah 56-66
5.1. Isaiah 56:9-59:21
5.1.1. Isaiah 56:9-57:21 - One continuous literary composition
5.1.2. No division between Isaiah 56:9-57:13 and 57:14-21
5.1.3. No division between Isaiah 57:2 and 3
5.1.4. The integral character of Isaiah 57:5
5.1.5. The textual unity of Isaiah 57:14-21
5.1.6. The original character of Isaiah 57:20-21
5.1.7. Conclusion
5.2. Isaiah 58-59
5.2.1. The literary unity of Isaiah 58:1-4
5.2.2. The literary unity of Isaiah 58 and 59
5.2.3. The literary unity of all of Isaiah 56:9-59:21
5.2.4. Conclusion
5.3. Isaiah 65:1-66:17
5.3.1. The literary unity of Isaiah 66:1-6
5.3.1.1. Claim: Isaiah 66:1-2 and 3-4 stem from two different authors
5.3.1.2. Claim: Isaiah 66:5 is an isolated element
5.3.1.3. Claim: Isaiah 66:5-6 is redactional
5.3.1.4. Response: The extended textual unity of Isaiah 66:1-6
5.3.2. The textual unity of Isaiah 65:1-66:17
5.3.2.1. The textual unity of Isaiah 65
5.3.2.2. Isaiah 66:1ff. is the original continuation of Isaiah 65
5.3.2.3. Isaiah 65:1-66:17 is one extended literary unity
5.3.3. The relationship between Isaiah 56:9-59:21 and Isaiah 65:1-66:17
5.4. Isaiah 63:7-64:11
5.4.1. The literary unity of Isaiah 63:7-64:11
5.4.2. The Sitz-im-Leben of Isaiah 63:7-64:11
5.4.3. The relationship between Isaiah 63:7-64:11 and Isaiah 65:1-66:17
5.4.3.1. Two independent texts or one text written to respond to the other?
5.4.3.2. A positive or a negative response?
5.4.3.2.1. The lamenting people are among the pious
5.4.3.2.2. The lamenting people are among the sinners
5.4.3.3. The place of Isaiah 63:7-64:11 in the book of Isaiah
5.4.3.4. Conclusion
5.5. Isaiah 60-62
5.5.1. The unity of Isaiah 60-62
5.5.2. Isaiah 60:7
5.5.3. Isaiah 60:10
5.5.4. Isaiah 61:5-6
5.5.5. Conclusion
5.6. Isaiah 56:1-8 and 66:18-24
6. Conclusion
Chapter 3: Dating of the Relevant Texts
1. Introduction
2. Isaiah 56-66
2.1. Isaiah 60-62
2.2. Isaiah 56:9-59:21 and 65:1-66:17
2.2.1. Isaiah 66:1, 6 - The reference to the temple
2.2.2. Isaiah 58 - Ruins, fasting and social injustice
2.3. Isaiah 63:7-64:11
2.4. Isaiah 56:1-8 and Isaiah 66:18-24
3. Haggai and Zechariah 1-8
4. Malachi
5. Conclusion
Chapter 4: God's Injustice and the Priests' Claim to Righteousness
1. Introduction and historical background
2. Isaiah 57:12 - The priests' professed righteousness
3. Isaiah 58:1-3a - Further claims to be righteousness
3.1. The identity of the people asking the Lord
3.2. The significance of a waw
3.3. Isaiah 58:2b-3a - The disparate understandings of the prophet and the priests
3.4. Understanding Zechariah 7:4-7 in the context of Isaiah 58
3.4.1. The identity of the target audience
3.4.2. The interpretation of Zechariah 7:4-7
3.4.3. Interpreting Zechariah 7:4-7 through Isaiah 58
4. Isaiah 65:5 - The priests' professed holiness
4.1. Identity of the target audience of Isaiah 65:5
4.2. Interpretation of Isaiah 65:5
4.3. Conclusion
5. Isaiah 63:7-64:11 - The priests' lament
5.1. Isaiah 63:11, 15, 19b-64:2, 6, and 11 - God's absence
5.2. Isaiah 63:17, 19b
64:4-5 - God's unjust treatment of Judah
5.2.1. Exegetical considerations of Isaiah 64:4
5.2.1.1. The expression ???? ??-??
5.2.1.2. The syntactic relation between ??-??? ???? and ?????
5.2.1.3. The expression ??? ???? ????? and the exegesis Isaiah 64:5
5.2.2. Exegetical considerations of Isaiah 64:5
5.3. Conclusion
6. Malachi
6.1. Malachi 1:6-12 - Disdain for God and His altar
6.2. Malachi 2:13-14 - Wailing and weeping because of God's rejection
6.3. Malachi 2:17 - Questioning the divine justice
6.4. Summary
7. Conclusion
Chapter 5: The Priests' Lack of Knowledge and their Failure to Teach
1. Introduction
2. The command given to the priests to provide instruction
3. Pre-exilic critique of the priests' teaching
3.1. Hosea 4:6 and Jeremiah 2:8 - Lack of knowledge and teaching ability
3.2. Micah 3:11 and Jeremiah 5:31 - Wrong teaching
3.3. Summary
4. Isaiah 56:9-12 - The priests' failure to understand
4.1. The identification of the leaders
4.2. Exegesis and comparison of Isaiah 56:9-12
5. Malachi 2:1-9 - The ideal and the real priest
5.1. Malachi 2:1-9 - The identity of Levi and God's covenant with him
5.2. The idyllic priestly teaching
5.3. Malachi 2:8-9 - The priests' failure to live up to the expectations
6. Conclusion
Chapter 6: Social Injustice
1. Introduction
2. Pre-exilic criticism - Amos 2:8
3. Isaiah 58:3-5 - Business on a day of rest
4. Zechariah 5:1-4 - A flying scroll
5. Malachi 3:5 - Perjury and oppression
6. Nehemiah 5 - The social injustice committed by the post-exilic leadership
7. Conclusion
Chapter 7: Unorthodox Rites
1. Introduction
2. Pre-exilic critique - Hosea 4:10-14
3. Isaiah 57:6-8 - Orthodoxy and unorthodoxy
3.1. Isaiah 57:6 - Ancestral worship and temple sacrifices
3.2. Isaiah 57:7-8 - Unorthodox rites in God's temple
3.2.1. Identification of the mountain in 57:7
3.2.2. The activities carried out upon the "high and lofty mountain"
3.3. Conclusion
4. Isaiah 65:3-4 - Illicit sacrifices and forbidden food
4.1. Isaiah 65:3 - Sacrificing in gardens (????? ?????)
4.2. Isaiah 65:3 - Illegitimate sacrifices of incense (?????? ??-??????)
4.3. Isaiah 65:4 - Sitting among graves (?????? ??????)
4.4. Isaiah 65:4 - Sleeping in guarded places (??????? ?????)
4.5. Isaiah 65:4 - Eating of pork (?????? ??? ?????)
4.6. Conclusion
5. Isaiah 66:3 - Syncretism and critique of sacrificial cult
5.1 Syntactical issues
5.1.1. A comparative reading
5.1.1.1. The place of sacrificing is not the right one
5.1.1.2. The temple worship has no independent value
5.1.1.3. The legitimate worship of YHWH is an idolatrous act
5.1.2. A subject-predicate reading
5.2. The priestly identity of the people in Isaiah 66:3
5.3. The interpretation of the rituals
5.3.1a. ???-???
5.3.2a. ??? ???
5.3.3a. ??-????
5.3.4a. ???? ???
5.3.5a. ??-??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????
5.3.6. Conclusion
6. Conclusion
Chapter 8: Priestly Intermarriages
1. Introduction
2. Intermarriages in the Old Testament
3. Ezra-Nehemiah - The crisis of the priestly intermarriages
3.1. The lists in Ezra 10:18-22 and in Nehemiah 10:1-8
3.2. Ezra 9:1-15 - Intermarriages and idolatry/unorthodoxy
3.2.1. Who were these priests and whom did they marry?
3.2.1.1. The insiders' name
3.2.2. The ancient nations
3.2.3. How is the expression ??????? ??? ???? to be understood?
3.3. Nehemiah 6 and 13 - Intermarriages cause disloyalty
3.3.1. Nehemiah 6
3.3.2. Nehemiah 13
3.4. Conclusion
4. Malachi 2:10-16 - Intermarriage or unorthodoxy
5. The relation between Ezra-Nehemiah and Malachi
6. Post-Biblical connections
7. Conclusion
Chapter 9: Foreign Alliances
1. Introduction
2. The understanding of the verb ????
3. The understanding of the word ???
3.1. The envoys to Sheol
4. Conclusion
Chapter 10: The Priests' Cultic Neglect
1. Introduction
2. Texts relating to the pre-exilic period
2.1. 1 Samuel 2:12-17
2.2. Hosea 4:8
2.3. Hosea 8:11-13
2.4. Conclusion
3. Malachi
3.1. Malachi 1:6-7, 12 - The priests' attitude
3.2. Malachi 1:8, 13ab-14a - Faulty animals
4. Malachi 1:13 and Isaiah 61:8
5. Conclusion
Chapter 11: The Priests' Impurity
1. Introduction
2. Pre-exilic criticism - Zephaniah 3:4
3. Haggai 2:10-14
3.1. Sitz-im-Leben - The reason for the inquiry
3.1.1. The absence of Joshua
3.2. The inquiry - Holy versus impure
3.2.1. The priestly duty of separating between purity and impurity
3.2.2. Secondary touch
3.3 The message of Haggai 2:14
3.3.1. The identity of ???-??? and ???? ???
3.3.2. The reason for the impurity of the Judahites in Haggai 2:14
3.3.2.1. Failure to live a moral life
3.3.2.2. Failure to build the temple
3.3.2.3. Failure of the people and their leaders to keep pure
3.4. The relation between Haggai 2:10-14 and Isaiah 56-66
3.5. Conclusion
4. Zechariah
5. Malachi
5.1. Cursing their blessing
5.2. Rebuking the seed
5.3. Spreading filth
5.4. Conclusion
6. Conclusion
Chapter 12: The dream of a Cleansed Priesthood
1. Introduction
2. A cleansed priesthood - Zechariah
2.1. The celebration of the Day of Atonement
2.2. Tasks and Privileges
2.3. Zechariah 6:9-15 - The newly cleansed priests' additional tasks
3. A cleansed priesthood - Malachi
3.1. Who will do the cleansing?
3.2. The method of cleansing
3.3. The result of the cleansing
3.4. Conclusion
4. The alternative vision - Malachi 1:10-11
5. Conclusion
Chapter 13: The Vision of the Priests' Destruction
1. Introduction
2. Isaiah 66:1-2 - Rejection of the temple builders
3. Isaiah 66:5 - The identity of the "brothers"
3.1. Syntactical concerns
3.2. Information about the "brothers" based on Isaiah 66:5
3.3. The identification of the "brothers" with the priesthood in Jerusalem
4. Isaiah 66:6 - The judgement in the temple
5. Isaiah 66:1-6 and the prophecies of Haggai
6. Conclusion
Chapter 14 - The Original Vision and its Modification
1. Introduction
2. The definition and understanding of the key words
2.1. Isaiah 60-62
2.2. Isaiah 56:1-8
2.3. Isaiah 56:1-8 and Isaiah 60-62 - An inter-textual comparison
2.3.1. The expression ?? ???
2.3.2. The expressions ???? ??-???? ????? and ??????? ??????? ????? ??-?????
2.3.3. The root ???
2.3.4. The root ???
2.3.5. The interpretation of Isaiah 56:1-8 as a corrective of Isaiah 60-62
3. Isaiah 66:2-21 - The vision of the future priesthood
3.1. Isaiah 66:20-21 and the rest of Isaiah 56-66
3.1.1. Isaiah 66:20 and Isaiah 60:7 - An inter-textual comparison
3.1.2. Isaiah 66:20 and Isaiah 65:1-66:17
4. Three revolutionary views of the priesthood
4.1. Isaiah 61:6 - The democratization of the priesthood for all Judahites
4.2. Isaiah 56:1-8 - The participation of proselytes in the priesthood
4.3. Isaiah 66:21 - The globalization of the priesthood
5. Conclusion
Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Source Index
Author Index
Subject Index

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Priestly Rites and Prophetic Rage

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