Challenges in Risk Analysis for Science and Engineering

Name: Challenges in Risk Analysis for Science and Engineering | Development of a common language
Brand: Institute of Physics Publishing
Price: 157.99 EUR
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Development of a common language

Tracey Temple Melissa Ladyman(Editor)

Institute of Physics Publishing

Published on 31. October 2022

380 pages

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978-0-7503-3643-7 (ISBN)

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Risk analysis involves the quantification of risk and is essential to all areas of science and engineering. Analysing risk ensures that the hazards or detrimental impacts of research and other activities are identified, mitigated and managed.

The interpretation and implementation of risk assessment has evolved independently within disciplines, which means that small errors in communication have in some cases led to large scale consequences. The aim of this reference text is to provide a common language and consistent approach to risk assessment across disciplines through the collation of detailed, real examples and scenarios.

Examples are drawn from industries including defence, explosive manufacturing, mine action, nuclear, science education and engineering, and focus on key risk topics such as tolerability, data collection, hazard identification and hazard interpretation. The approaches communicate common challenges and are compared and contrasted, with a particular focus on the terminology used.

The book is essential reading for scientists and engineers that undertake risk assessment, including industry practitioners, researchers in academia and those with a general interest in improving risk assessment processes. It is also a valuable reference for science and engineering students that regularly undertake risk assessments or study courses on risk assessment.

Key Features:

Proposes a common language and consistent approach to risk assessment across science and engineering disciplines

Creates a bridge between industrial and academic approaches to risk analysis and encourages cross-disciplinary collaboration

Collates detailed practical examples of risk assessment

Explores the diverse undertaking of risk assessment in a wide range of disciplines

Analyses the approaches taken, with a particular focus on the terminology used

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Content

Intro
Introduction to challenges in Risk Analysis for science and engineering: development of a common language
Outline placeholder
0.1 Introduction
Chapter 1: An introduction to Risk Analysis for scientists and engineers
Chapter 2: On the tolerability of risk, public and private
Chapter 3: Storage of military ammunition and explosives- risk evaluation and hazard management
Chapter 4: The application of Systems Thinking to Risk Assessment: left shifting safety
Chapter 5: Influence of automation on human factor integration in Risk Assessment systems
Chapter 6: Minimising the risks to decision-making by selecting representative experimental methods for environmental science research
Chapter 7: The Importance of the conceptual site model in the assessment of land contamination
Chapter 8: Land release: A Risk Management approach for mine action
Chapter 9: Risk Assessment and management at a heritage site
Chapter 10: Amazonian non-timber forest products and ways forward to ensure their sustainability at low risk: Acai case-study
Chapter 11: Development of a risk matrix for low-cost engineering solutions: a systematic approach
Chapter 12: Assessing the academic and experiential risk to students from the transition to hybrid and online delivery
Chapter 13: Practical application of a decision framework to mitigate environmental risks posed by the treatment of explosive contaminated wastewater
Chapter 14: Risk recognition and continuous risk management
Conclusion: Challenges in Risk Analysis
References
Acknowledgement
Editor biographies
Tracey Temple
Melissa Ladyman
List of contributors
Message from the editors
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 An introduction to risk analysis for scientists and engineers
1.1 Risk Analysis: definition and uncertainties
1.2 Types of Risk Analysis for science and engineering
1.3 Communication in Risk Analysis: a standardised terminology
1.4 Benefits of performing a Risk Analysis
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 On the tolerability of risk, public and private
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Risk, hazard and peril
2.3 Political tolerability of risk
2.3.1 Road and rail traffic as exemplars of this approach
2.4 Public mortality
2.5 Mortality and fiscal cost
2.6 Public perception of risk
2.7 Peril and the information super highway
2.8 Peril versus lack of benefit as an arbiter of tolerability
2.9 How rare is rare: how to describe unlikely events
2.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Storage of military ammunition and explosives-risk evaluation and hazard management
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Scope
3.1.2 Risk Assessment
3.2 Ammunition and explosives hazards
3.2.1 Qualifying tests
3.2.2 Hazards to ammunition and explosives
3.2.3 Hazards from ammunition and explosives
3.3 Risk reduction and hazard mitigation
3.3.1 Determining risk
3.3.2 Consequence analysis
3.3.3 Case studies
3.4 Opportunities for harmonisation and standardisation
3.5 Conclusion
Appendix A United Nations hazard division tests (UN 2019a)
Appendix B Explosives trials
References
Chapter 4 The application of systems thinking to Risk Assessment: left shifting safety
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Application of functional-failure modes and effect analysis (F-FMEA)
4.3 The F-FMEA toolkit
4.3.1 Functionality
4.3.2 Functional MAP illustration
4.4 Example 1: small scale woodworking
4.4.1 Example 1 summary
4.5 Example 2: ignition composition for tracer bullet
4.5.1 Individual process-premix 1
4.5.2 Individual process-premix 2
4.5.3 Individual processes-final mix, blending premix 1 and premix 2
4.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Influence of automation on human factor integration in Risk Assessment systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Risk Assessment
5.2.1 Qualitative Risk Assessment
5.3 Human factor integration
5.3.1 Brief history of HFI
5.3.2 HFI in RA systems
5.3.3 Human reliability assessment
5.3.4 Automation
5.3.5 Machine learning
5.3.6 Human robot collaboration
5.4 Scope
5.5 Case studies and the development of Risk Assessment systems
5.5.1 Mile Island
5.5.2 Human factor considerations in the 3 Mile Island accident
5.5.3 Influence of Risk Assessment and automation on process safety
5.6 Chernobyl
5.6.1 Human factor considerations in the Chernobyl accident
5.6.2 Influence of Risk Assessment and automation on process safety
5.7 Fukushima
5.7.1 Human factor considerations in the Fukushima accident
5.7.2 Influence of Risk Assessment and automation on process safety
5.8 Human factors and Risk Assessment: the way forward
5.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Minimising the risks to decision-making by selecting representative experimental methods for environmental science research
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Incorporating representativeness into experimental methods
6.3 The use of indoor facilities: data representativeness uncontrolled versus controlled conditions
6.4 Computational modelling and the art of assessing representativeness
6.5 The consequences of choice: the final step in decision-making overall
6.6 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 7 The importance of the conceptual site model in the assessment of land contamination
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Contaminated land legal/regulatory background
7.2.1 A brief history
7.2.2 Current contaminated land legislation and guidance
7.2.3 Planning and construction policies and guidelines
7.2.4 Other consideration and further guidance
7.3 Developing the conceptual site model (CSM)
7.3.1 Source identification
7.3.2 Receptors
7.3.3 Pathways
7.4 Assessing the risk
7.4.1 Phase two LQA-the site investigation
7.4.2 Site investigation methods
7.4.3 Revised CSM
7.5 Case study: Caesar's Camp, Area B6, Aldershot [12]
7.5.1 Site history
7.5.2 Environmental setting
7.5.3 Preliminary conceptual site model
7.5.4 Summary of site investigations
7.5.5 Assessment of soil and controlled waters
7.5.6 Summary of findings
7.5.7 Revised conceptual site model and environmental Risk Assessment
7.5.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Land Release: a Risk Management approach for mine action
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The basis of mine action
8.3 What is Land Release?
8.4 The importance of operational data
8.5 The problem of low-density contamination
8.6 The problem of routes
8.7 The problem of criteria
8.8 The issue of explosive remnants of war
8.9 The influence of ISO
8.10 Land release success stories
8.11 Future developments of land release
8.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Risk assessment and management at a heritage site
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Risk Management
9.2.1 Scheduled monument management plan
9.2.2 Wildlife management plan
9.2.3 Woodland management plan
9.3 People safety
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Amazonian non-timber forest products and ways forward to ensure their sustainability at low risk: Acai case study
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background
10.3 Method
10.4 Results
10.4.1 Metadata analysis
10.4.2 Analysis of Acai industry as an entry point of Risk Assessments
10.4.3 Analysis of Acai industry at Solimões river
10.5 Discussion
10.5.1 Considerations for integrated Risk Assessment
10.5.2 Further enhancing sustainability of the industry
10.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 11 Development of a risk matrix for low-cost engineering solutions: a systematic approach
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 The risk to be assessed
11.1.2 How current PPE responds to blast and fragmenting incidents
11.1.3 PPE review
11.2 Literature review of non-destructive tests to assess residual stress/damage to the visor
11.2.1 Test 1-direct illumination test: author designed method adapted from Horn et al (2017)
11.2.2 Test 2-low-level illumination test: background and discussion
11.2.3 Test 3-birefringence test: background and discussion
11.2.4 Test 4-yellowing test: background and discussion
11.3 Subjectivity of scientific testing
11.4 Discussion of tests that can inform the Risk Assessment
11.4.1 Test 1-direct illumination test: evaluation and discussion
11.4.2 Test 2-low-level illumination test: evaluation and discussion
11.4.3 Test 3-birefringence test evaluation and discussion
11.4.4 Test 4-yellowing test: evaluation and discussion
11.5 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 12 Assessing the academic and experiential risk to students from the transition to hybrid and online delivery
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Method development
12.2.1 Risk Assessment development
12.2.2 Risk Assessment methodology
12.3 Results
12.4 Discussion
12.4.1 Highest risks to standards, quality and student experience
12.4.2 Moderate risks to standards, quality and student experience
12.5 Risks to the provider
12.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Practical application of a decision framework to mitigate environmental risks posed by the treatment of explosive contaminated wastewater
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Site description
13.3 Decision framework
13.4 Results and discussion
13.4.1 Decision framework 1-discharge of IHE-X contaminated wastewater
13.4.2 Decision framework 2-contracted disposal of explosive wastewater off-site
13.4.3 Decision framework 3-on-site treatment of explosive wastewater using an adsorptive system
13.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 Risk recognition and continuous Risk Management
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Discussion
14.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Conclusion: challenges in Risk Analysis
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Challenge: a holistic approach
15.1.2 Challenge: subjectivity of language
15.1.3 Challenge: uncertainty in risk
15.2 Future considerations
References

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Challenges in Risk Analysis for Science and Engineering

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