Microbial Aspects of Pollution

List of ContributorsPrefaceMicrobial Aspects of Pollution: Some General Considerations Introduction Historical Development of Pollution Studies The Microbiologist's Role ReferencesThe Health Hazards of Pollution Introduction Preliminary Orientations The Assessment of Microbial Hazards of Pollution Pollution: Past and Present Diseases Due to Pollution of Drinking Water Supplies Health Hazards of the Recreational Use of Water Environmental Pollution and Food ReferencesSewage Pollution of Natural Waters Nuisances and the Destruction of Aquatic Life Pathogens in Sewage Bacterial Content of Crude Sewage and Sewage Effluent Salmonellae in an Estuary Sewage Pollution of Sea Water Risks to Human Health Further Reading ReferencesThe Scope of the Water Pollution Problem Introduction The Supply of Water Treatment and Disposal of Waste Waters and Sludges Self Purification in Natural Waters ReferencesMicrobial Aspects of Pollution in the Food and Dairy Industries Introduction Microbial Composition of Dairy Waste Activated Sludge Principles of Floc Formation Metabolic Activity of Activated Sludge Bulking of Activated Sludge Waste Water of the Potato Flour and Straw Board Industries Acknowledgments ReferencesAerobic Treatment of Agricultural Wastes Introduction Possible Systems The Environment Discussion ReferencesThe Role of Strict Anaerobes in the Digestion of Organic Material Introduction The Overall Process of Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic Digestion of Piggery Wastes The Bacteriology of Anaerobic Digestion, with Special Reference to the Digestion of Piggery Wastes General Discussion ReferencesThe Microbial Ecology of the Activated Sludge Process Introduction Typical Plants and Their Operation The Activated Sludge Community and Selective Mechanisms Bacteria in the Activated Sludge Process Protozoa in the Activated Sludge Process The Occurrence of Fungi Flocculation Bulking of Activated Sludge Removal of Bacteria and Pathogenic Organisms Mathematical Approach to the Ecology of Activated Sludge ReferencesDisposal by Dilution?-An Ecologist's Viewpoint Introduction The Role of Dilution in the Disposal of Wastes The Nature and Types of Pollution Physical and Hydrological Considerations in the Dispersion and Mixing of Effluents in the Aquatic Environment Disposal by Dilution of Effluents Containing Harmful or Undesirable Organisms Disposal by Dilution of Effluents Containing Toxic or Other Directly Harmful Substances Disposal by Dilution of Effluents Containing Biogenic Materials Practice of Disposal by Dilution Conclusions ReferencesMicrobiological Aspects of the Pollution of Fresh Water with Inorganic Nutrients Introduction Nutrients Limiting Microbial Growth Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds Forms and Quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lakewaters Influence of Oxidation-Reduction Potential Assimilation and Release of Nitrogen Compounds General Conclusions Acknowledgments ReferencesFactors Affecting Algal Blooms Introduction Requirements for Growth Algae in Natural Environments Conclusions Acknowledgments ReferencesNitrogen Removal from Waste Waters by Biological Nitrification and Denitrification Introduction Biological Nitrification Biological Denitrification Nitrification-Denitrification Processes Acknowledgments ReferencesDegradation of Herbicides by Soil Micro-Organisms Introduction The Fate and Persistence of Herbicides in the Soil The Experimental Approach Microbial Metabolism of Herbicides Conclusions Acknowledgments ReferencesThe Microbial Breakdown of Pesticides Introduction Problems in the Study of Biodegradation Naturally Recalcitrant Mo