Solid-Liquid Separation

1. Introduction to Solid-Liquid Separation 1.1. Solid-Liquid Separation Processes 2. Characterization of Particles Suspended in Liquids 2.1. Introduction, the Reasons for Particle Characterization 2.2. Definitions of Particle Size 2.3. Types of Particle Size Distribution 2.4. Measures of Central Tendency 2.5. Presentation of Data 2.6. Sampling 2.7. Laboratory Measurement of Particle Size 2.8. On-Line Measurement Techniques References 3. Efficiency of Separation of Particles from Fluids 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Basic Definitions and Mass Balance Equations 3.3. Basic Relationships Between ET, G(X) and the Particle Size Distributions of the Products 3.4. Modifications of Efficiency Definitions for Applications with an Appreciable Underflow-to-Throughput Ratio Appendix 3.1. Errors in the Measurement of the Total Efficiency Appendix 3.2. Errors in the Measurement of the Grade Efficiency References 4. Coagulation and Flocculation 4.1. Introduction 4.2. The Colloidal Model 4.3. Electrokinetic Phenomena and the Zeta Potential 4.4 Practical Applications of the Zeta Potential 4.5 Flocculation by Polyelectrolytes 4.6. Other Considerations References 5. Gravity Thickening Nomenclature 5.1. Introduction 5.2. The Sedimentation Concept 5.3. Factors Affecting Sedimentation 5.4. Thickeners as Unit Processes Appendix 5.1 References6. Hydrocyclones 6.1. Introduction and Description 6.2. Liquid Flow Patterns 6.3. Motion of Suspended Particles 6.4. Prediction of Hydrocyclone Efficiency 6.5. Pressure Drop 6.6. Design Variables Affecting Performance 6.7. Design of a Hydrocyclone Installation 6.8. Multiple Hydrocyclone Arrangements Available 6.9. Applications of Hydrocyclones Appendix 6.1 References7. Separation by Centrifugal Sedimentation 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Theoretical Performance Predictions 7.3. Equipment 7.4. Factors Affecting the Choice of Centrifugal Equipment References8. Screening 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Screen Design 8.3. Screen Function 8.4. Screen Types 8.5. Screen Deck Materials 8.6 Screen Efficiency Appendix 8.1. Dewatering Screen Applications Appendix 8.2. Proof of Rectangular-Hole-Screen Efficiency Formula Bibliography9. Filtration Fundamentals 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Flow Rate-Pressure Drop Relations 9.3. Filtration Operations-Basic Equations, Incompressible Cakes 9.4. Filtration Operations-Basic Equations, Compressible Cakes 9.5. Relationship between Specific Cake Resistance, Porosity and Specific Surface 9.6. Cake Moisture Correction-Mass Balance References10. Filter Aids 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Commercially Available Filter Aid Powders 10.3. Applications of Filter Aids 11. Deep Bed Filtration 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Theory 11.3. Problems of Design and Operation 11.4. Future Developments References 12. Pressure Filtration 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Pressure Filters 12.3. Optimum Cycle Times References 13. Vacuum Filtration Nomenclature 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Vacuum Filtration Equipment 13.3. Research into Filter Performance Appendix 13.1 References 14. Centrifugal Filtration 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Flow through the Cake of a Filter Centrifuge 14.3. The Filtration Period in a Centrifugal Field 14.4. Measurement of the Intrinsic Permeability of a Filter Cake in a Centrifugal Field 14.5. Bypass Filtration Processes in Centrifugal Fields 14.6. Design and Operating Characteristics of Filter Centrifuges 14.7. Peculiarities of Pusher Centrifuges Appendix 14.1. Compilation of Important Definitions References 15. Cake Washing Nomenclature 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Washing by Displacement 15.3.