
Enhancing STEM Motivation through Citizen Science Programs
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Section I: Overview of Citizen Science
- Chapter 1
- Enhancing STEM Motivation through Citizen Science Programs: A Framework for Educators and Researchers
- Abstract
- Citizen Science Programs
- Citizen Science, Professional Research, and Impacts on Citizen Scientists
- Citizen Science and Self-Motivational Beliefs
- Adolescent Citizen Science Research and Motivation
- Motivational and Self-Regulatory Dimensions of Citizen Science
- Chapter Highlights
- References
- Chapter 2
- Keeping It Real: Maximizing the Authenticity of Citizen Science Experiences to Strengthen Youth STEM Interest, Identity, and Motivation
- Abstract
- Overview of Chapter
- Citizen Science as an "Authentic" Science Experience
- Authenticity and Citizen Science
- Developing Interest
- Strengthening Science Identity
- Connecting Interest and Identity to STEM Motivation and Achievement
- Five Critical Elements of Citizen Science That Increase Authenticity
- Element One: An Explicit and Relevant Scientific Question
- Element Two: Meaningful Feedback to Participants
- Element Three: Interaction of Participants and Scientists as Collaborators
- Element Four: Interaction among Participants as Collaborators
- Element Five: Opportunity to Present Results to the Public
- An Exemplary Program - Vital Signs
- Overview of Program
- Highlights Illustrating the Five Critical Elements that Increase Authenticity
- Element one: Explicit and relevant scientific question
- Element two: Meaningful feedback to participants
- Element three: Interaction of participants and scientists as collaborators
- Element four: Interaction among participants as collaborators
- Element five: Opportunity to present results to the public
- Challenges and Advice from Formal Educators
- Working with "Negative" Experiences
- Making Connections to the Larger Scientific Endeavor
- Building and Sustaining Collaborations
- Educational Implications and Future Directions for Research
- Educator Roles as Co-Investigator and Guide
- Administrative Support
- Training for Educators and Administrators
- Future Research Directions
- Conclusion
- References
- Section II: Motives for Learning in Citizen Science Programs
- Chapter 3
- Motivation Processes in Citizen Science Programs: Current Status and Future Directions
- Abstract
- Models of Participation Engagement and Motivation in Citizen Science
- Overview of Motivation Processes
- Subjective Task Values
- Self-Efficacy
- Goal Orientation
- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
- Addressing Motivation Constructs in Citizen Science Research
- Self-Efficacy in Citizen Science Programs
- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Citizen Science Programs
- Tips for Designing Motivation-Enhanced Citizen Science Programs
- Recommendation One - Using a Common Motivational Nomenclature
- Recommendation Two - Designing Motivationally-Robust Citizen Science Programs
- Recommendation Three - Developing Specific Motivation Assessment Tools
- Recommendation Four - Combining Motivational "Will" with Regulatory "Skill"
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4
- Ensuring Healthy Social Dynamics and Motivation in Youth Citizen Science Programs
- Abstract
- Student Involvement in Citizen Science
- Self-Determination Theory
- Overview of the Theory
- Practical Applications and Recommendations
- Make projects personally meaningful
- Respect and empower students
- Achievement Goal Orientation Theory
- Overview of the Theory
- Practical Applications and Recommendations
- Emphasize learning, not competition
- Frequent use of authentic and informal assessment for learning
- Involve students in a variety of meaningful activities
- Stereotype Threat Theory
- Overview of the Theory
- Practical Applications and Recommendations
- Promote gender and racial equality through participating in community-related projects
- Social Capital Theory
- Overview of the Theory
- Practical Applications and Recommendations
- Support all students, especially the ones who are not well accepted by peers
- Collaborate with the communities and build relationships
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 5
- Empowering Young People through Co-Created Scientific Research
- Abstract
- Student Participation in STEM Education
- STEM Career Education
- An Introduction to the Institute for Research in Schools
- A Review of School-Based Citizen Science Literature
- An Introduction to School-Based Citizen Science Programs
- The Purpose and Aims of School-Based Citizen Science Programs
- Increasing scientific literacy through citizen science programs
- Increasing student engagement with scientific inquiry
- Increasing student attainment and retention in STEM subjects
- Increasing science capital and positive attitudes towards careers in STEM
- Implementing School-Based Citizens Science Programs
- The Role of Students in School-Based Citizen Science Programs
- The Role of Teachers in School-Based Citizen Science Programs
- Challenges and Opportunities for School-Based Citizen Science
- An Overview of IRIS Citizen Science Programs
- Physics Research
- Biology Research
- Chemistry Research
- Environmental Science Research
- Genome Decoders and Well World - Two Examples of IRIS Citizen Science Programs
- Genome Decoders - Frameworks for School-Based Citizen Science Programs
- The Framework of Genome Decoders
- Implementation Phase
- Well World - Resources to Support Student Agency in School-Based Citizen Science Projects
- Supporting Resources
- Planning an investigation
- Summary report template
- Journal club activity
- Educational Implications and Future Research Directions
- 1. Establish Research Collaborations That Are Well-Planned and Structured
- 2. Develop Research Collaborations Where Students Have Agency
- 3. Raise Students' Awareness of and Aspirations towards STEM Careers
- 4. Create Research Communication and Dissemination Opportunities for School Students
- 5. Enhance Students' Soft Skills and Self-Motivational Beliefs through Participation in Research
- Acknowledgements
- Appendix A
- Appendix B
- Appendix C
- References
- Section III: Creating Effective Collaborations among Educators and Citizen Science Programs
- Chapter 6
- Naturalists' Perspectives of Outdoor Learning, Adolescents as Citizen Scientists, and STEM Career Motivation
- Abstract
- Theoretical Perspective
- Protocol Training, Scientific Observation Skills, and Citizen Science
- Self-Efficacy
- Outdoor Learning and Affect
- Identity Formation and STEM Career Motivation
- Method
- Setting and Participant Selection
- Data Collection, Coding, and Data Analysis
- Axial Coding
- Results
- Scientific Observation Skills
- Self-Efficacy
- Affect
- Identity Formation and STEM Career Motivation
- Discussion
- Educational Implications
- Limitations and Future Directions
- Conclusion
- Appendix A
- Semi-Structured Interview Guide
- References
- Chapter 7
- Student Motivation and Teacher/Scientist Collaboration in Citizen Science Programs: Making Science Learning Fun and Relevant
- Abstract
- Research on Motivation in Science Education
- Self-Efficacy Sources
- Self-Efficacy Research
- Collaboration Between Teachers and Scientists
- Taking It a Step Further: Citizen Science Programs
- Key Aspects of CSPs
- Ant Picnic CSP
- Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment CSP
- Educational Implications
- Recommendations for Future Research
- References
- Chapter 8
- Science Educators' Perspectives on Learning to Utilize Citizen Science in our Teaching
- Abstract
- Literature Review
- Theoretical Perspective
- Positioning Our Study
- Method
- Participants and Setting
- Study Design
- Procedures
- Selection of the projects
- Developing our teaching modules
- Protocol training
- Engaging in our community of practice
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
- Validity
- Teachers' Self Reflections
- Reflection One
- Reflection Two
- Reflection Three
- Reflection Four
- Reflection Five
- Reflection Six
- Results
- Teacher Identity Development
- Working through inexperience
- Observing student perceptions
- Examination of teaching practices
- Our Perceptions of Students' Science Learning
- Student interest
- Collaborative learning
- Authentic practice
- Scientific observation skills
- Discussion
- Limitations
- Future Research
- Educational Implications
- Appendix A
- Teacher Reflection Questions
- Appendix B
- Scientific Poster Template
- Appendix C
- Scientific Poster Rubric
- Appendix D
- Data Collection Protocol Card Side A
- Photograph Example
- Data Table Example for Above Photograph
- Data Collection Protocol Card Side B
- Moon Phase Chart
- References
- Chapter 9
- Scientific Discovery in the Science Classroom via Contributions to Citizen Science
- Abstract
- Citizen Science
- Learning Science through Citizen Science
- The Zooniverse
- Motivation
- Designing a Course Citizen Science Assignment Assignment Overview
- Design Philosophy - Transparency and Motivation
- Intervention: The Citizen Science Assignment Assignment Part One:
- In-Class Introduction and Individual Contributions
- Assignment Part Two: Group Video
- Faculty Reflection on the Assignment
- Educational Implications and Future Research
- Conclusion
- Appendix A
- Contribution to Science Assignment
- Purpose
- Task
- Classification Log
- Video Presentation Key Questions
- Criteria for Success
- Appendix B
- References
- Section IV: Citizen Science Programs and STEM Education and Careers
- Chapter 10
- I Didn't Know What Real Science Was or What It Could Be: Citizen Science and Interest in STEM Education and Careers
- Abstract
- Theoretical Framework
- Social cognitive career theory
- Methods
- Context
- Teacher Participants
- Former Student Participants
- Data Collection
- Qualitative Methods
- Quantitative Methods
- MLMP CS Self-Efficacy Survey
- MLMP Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire
- STEM Semantics Survey
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Overview of Former Student Participants
- Teacher Participants
- Outcome of Quantitative Data Sources Using Descriptive Statistics
- Findings from Qualitative Data
- Self-Efficacy: Mastery experiences
- Self-Efficacy: Vicarious experiences
- Self-Efficacy: Social persuasion
- Discussion
- MLMP Develops Capacity to Do Science
- Engaging in Citizen Science Programs Fosters Interest in Pursuing Educational and Career Opportunities in STEM
- Limitations
- Educational Implications and Directions for Future Research
- Appendix A
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 11
- Using Mobile Learning and Authentic Practice in Citizen Science Contexts to Foster STEM Interest in High School Students
- Abstract
- Mobile Learning and Authentic Practice in Citizen Science Contexts
- Research Questions
- Method
- Setting, Population, and Sample
- The Citizen Science Project
- Procedures
- Data Instruments
- Data Analysis
- Validity
- Results
- Research Question One
- Research Question Two
- Using Mobile Technologies in Citizen Science Projects Generates Interest in STEM
- Mobile Technologies Provide a Personalized, Accessible, Engaging and Efficient Way to Learn Science
- Discussion
- Creating STEM Interest
- Affordances of Mobile Learning in Citizen Science
- Effectively Utilizing Citizen Science in Schools
- Educational Implications and Directions for Future Research
- Conclusion
- Appendix A
- Open-Ended Questionnaire (Mobile Technology Group)
- Appendix B
- Open-Ended Questionnaire (Non-Mobile Technology Group)
- References
- Chapter 12
- Citizen Science in Higher Education: Evaluating Collaborative Practices
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Citizen Science Program
- Method
- Participants and Setting
- Data Collection
- Intervention
- Measures
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Partnership Benefits
- Citizen Science Project Growth
- Environmental Implications
- Educational Implications
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section V: Assessment and Evaluation of Citizen Science Programs
- Chapter 13
- An Impact-Driven Approach to Evaluating Citizen Science Programs for Youth
- Abstract
- The "Who"
- The "What"
- Creating a List of Outcomes
- Crafting Indicators (or Evidence) of the Outcomes
- The "How"
- Choosing the Evaluation Type
- Choosing Evaluation Methods
- IRB: Ensuring Ethical Treatment of Human Subjects
- Communicating Evaluation Findings
- Acknowledging Limitations
- The "Why"
- Educational Implications
- Conclusion
- Appendix A
- Evaluation Planning Checklist
- References
- Chapter 14
- Evaluating the Impacts on Young People and Their Teachers Who Participate in Genuine Scientific Research Whilst at School
- Abstract
- Citizen Science Approaches
- Evaluation and Citizen Science Approaches
- IRIS' Evaluation Framework
- Measuring Outcomes of IRIS Projects -What are the Outcomes for Students and Teachers?
- Student Destination
- Qualitative Approaches to Citizen Science Evaluation
- Educational Implications and Directions for Future Research: Five Features of Evaluations of Co-Created Citizen Science Projects
- 360 and Longitudinal Approach to Evaluation
- Evaluation That Recognizes and Values the Individual Experience
- A Co-Creative Approach to Evaluation
- Evaluation as a Celebration Point
- Authors' Note
- References
- About the Editors
- Index
- Blank Page
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