
Laws of Restitution
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Content
- Cover
- The Laws of Restitution
- Copyright
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Summary Contents
- Detailed Contents
- Table of Cases
- Table of Legislation
- List of Abbreviations
- Part I SUMMARY
- 1. Summary
- A. Muscle Memory
- B. Purposes
- C. The Negative Thesis
- 1. History
- 2. 'Unjust Enrichment'
- D. The Positive Thesis
- 1. The Dilemma
- 2. Unjustified Performance
- 3. Conditional Performance
- 4. Intervention in Another's Affairs
- 5. Property and Trusts
- 6. Wrongdoing
- 7. Countervailing Reasons
- 2. Foundations
- A. Law and Justice
- B. Corrective Justice
- C. Reasons and Recourse
- D. Legal Categories
- E. Quasi-?Contract
- Part II UNJUSTIFIED PERFORMANCE
- 3. Performance
- A. Introduction
- B. Red Herrings
- 1. No Loss
- 2. No 'Unjust Factor'
- 3. Grudging Gifts
- 4. No Right Transfer
- 5. Incidental Benefits
- 6. No 'Transfers of Value'
- C. Performance Defined
- 1. Summary
- 2. Action
- 3. Towards
- 4. Acceptance
- D. Outside of Performance
- 1. Other Reasons
- 2. 'Interceptive Subtraction'
- 3. Errors
- E. 'At the Expense of'?
- 4. Reversal
- A. Enrichment?
- B. Payments
- 1. Timing
- 2. Counterfactuals
- 3. Trustees and Agents
- 4. Increases in Value and Interest
- C. Services
- 1. The Service and Its Consequences
- 2. Enrichment Higher than Market Value of Service
- 3. Enrichment Lower than Market Value of Service
- D. The Meaning of Words
- 5. Theory
- A. Kelly v Solari
- B. The Role of Mistake and Similar 'Unjust Factors'
- 1. Summary
- 2. Negativing
- 3. Nullifying
- 4. Voluntary Performance
- C. What Is a Good Reason?
- D. The Theory
- 1. The Operative Facts
- 2. Payments and Services
- 6. Practice
- A. Introduction
- B. Absence of Good Reason or Vitiation of Consent?
- 1. Rescission
- 2. Mistakes as to Recoverability
- 3. Obligations Performed
- 4. Gifts, Wills, and Trusts
- 5. Retrospective Changes
- 6. Corporate Mistakes
- 7. 'Spent' Mistakes
- 8. The 'Woolwich Principle'
- 9. The Invention of 'Unjust Factors'
- 10. Mispredictions
- 11. Different Causal Rules
- C. Comparisons
- D. Birks' Last Work
- PART III CONDITIONAL PERFORMANCE
- 7. Conditions
- A. A New Justification
- B. Qualified Consent?
- C. Outside of Contract
- D. 'Total Failure of Consideration'
- E. The Meaning of Condition
- F. Waiver
- G. The Fiction of Fulfilment
- H. The Right or Its Performance?
- I. Relevance of Termination
- 1. Terminology
- 2. Insufficient
- 3. Unnecessary
- 4. Relevance
- 8. Contract
- A. Introduction
- B. Breach of Contract
- 1. Claims for Restitution of Services by Party in Breach
- 2. Claims for Restitution of Payments Against Party in Breach
- 3. Claims for Restitution of Services Against Party in Breach
- 4. Claims for Restitution of Payments by Party in Breach
- C. Frustration
- 1. Money Obligations
- 2. Non-?money Obligations
- 3. Other Jurisdictions
- D. Money, Services, and Penalties
- Part IV INTERVENTION IN ANOTHER'S AFFAIRS
- 9. Discharge
- A. The Significance of Discharge of Another's Obligation
- B. Recoupment
- C. Contribution
- D. Methods of Discharge
- 1. Performance
- 2. Joint and Several Obligations
- 3. Conditional Obligations
- 4. Automatic Discharge?
- E. Volunteers
- F. Unjust Enrichment?
- 1. Enrichment Insufficient
- 2. Enrichment Unnecessary
- 3. Loss
- 4. The 'Unjust Factor'
- 10. Necessity
- A. Good Samaritans and the Justification for Private Law
- B. Quantification
- C. The Law
- 1. Exceptions?
- 2. Discharge of Another's Obligation
- 3. Reciprocal Duties
- 4. Contribution Between Common Interests
- 5. Maritime Salvage
- 6. Necessaries supplied to Those Incapable of Contracting
- D. Conclusion
- PART V PROPERTY AND TRUSTS
- 11. Things
- A. Introduction
- B. Rights
- C. Transfers
- 1. Contract and Conveyance
- 2. Delivery and Conveyance
- D. Identification
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Mixtures
- 3. Accession
- 4. Specification
- 5. Fruits
- E. Substitution
- F. Good Faith Purchase for Value
- G. Unjust Enrichment?
- 1. Relevance
- 2. Ignorance
- 3. Defences
- 4. Comparisons
- 12. Equity: General
- A. Introduction
- B. Meta-?Law
- C. 'Equitable Property Rights'
- 1. Rights to Rights
- 2. Common Misconceptions
- 3. Significance
- 4. The Necessary and Sufficient Duty to be a Trustee
- D. Trusts Arising from Contractual and Other Obligations
- 13. Equity: Restitution
- A. Trusts and Obligations to Make Restitution
- B. Presumptions of Advancement and of Resulting Trust
- C. Knowing Receipt of Trust Property
- D. Purchase without Notice
- E. 'Tracing'
- 1. Substitution
- 2. 'Mixing'
- 3. Wrongdoing
- F. Subrogation
- G. Policy?
- H. Unjust Enrichment?
- I. Doing without Equity?
- 14. Improvements
- A. Introduction
- B. Goods
- 1. Greenwood v Bennett
- 2. A Freestanding 'Enrichment' Claim?
- 3. A Qualification to a Damages Award
- 4. A Qualification to an Order for Specific Delivery
- 5. A Qualification to Accession?
- 6. A 'Tracing' Claim?
- 7. A Qualification to Priority of Title
- C. Land
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Evidential Estoppel
- 3. Equitable Estoppel
- 4. Illegitimate Extension
- 5. Australia
- 6. The Future
- PART VI WRONGDOING
- 15. Wrongs
- A. Introduction
- B. Edwards v Lees Administrator
- C. Definitions and Distinctions
- 1. Wrongdoing
- 2. Consequential Loss and Wrongdoing
- 3. Consequential Gain and Wrongdoing
- 4. General and Special Damages
- D. Justifications
- 1. The Obligation to Pay Damages
- 2. Disgorging Gains
- E. The Wrong or the Right?
- 16. Profits
- A. Introduction
- B. Information
- 1. Intellectual Property Rights
- 2. Confidential Information
- 3. Private Information
- C. Fiduciaries
- 1. Justification
- 2. Quantification
- 3. Constructive Trust?
- 4. Dishonest Assistance
- D. Breach of Contract
- 1. General Principle
- 2. Attorney General v Blake
- E. Torts
- 1. General Principle
- 2. Waiver of Tort
- 17. Damages
- A. Introduction
- B. Breach of Contract
- 1. Wrotham Park Ltd v Parkside Homes Ltd
- 2. General Damages: The Contractual Right to Performance
- 3. Negotiating Damages
- C. Torts
- 1. General Damages
- 2. User Damages
- 3. Gain-?based?
- Part VII COUNTERVAILING REASONS
- 18. Defences
- A. Introduction
- B. Definitions
- C. Specific Defences
- 1. Change of Position
- 2. Consent
- 3. Limitation
- 4. Passing on
- 5. Bona Fide Purchase
- 6. Counter-?restitution
- 7. Bona Fide Payee?
- 8. Ministerial Receipt
- 19. Illegality
- A. Justification
- B. Defence, Denial, or Other?
- C. Bribes
- D. Reliance
- E. Statutory Illegality
- F. Patel v Mirza
- 1. The Statute
- 2. The Minority
- 3. The Majority
- 4. The Ratio
- 5. The Future
- G. Summary
- H. Illegality as a Ground of Claim
- 1. Restitution Founded upon the Statute
- 2. Withdrawal
- PART VIII APOLOGIA
- 20. Conclusion
- A. Comparisons
- B. 'Unjust Factors' or 'Absence of Basis'?
- C. Like Contract, Torts, or Neither?
- D. The Future
- Index
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