Air Pollution and Its Effects

ContentsList of Contributors Preface Contents of Other Volumes Part I. Air Pollution 1. Classification and Extent of Air Pollution Problems I. Natural History of the Air Pollution Problem II. Historical Perspective III. Primary Concepts of Air Pollution IV. Types of Effects Associated With Air Pollution V. Air Pollution as a Problem of the Future 2. Gaseous Pollutants in the Air I. Introduction II. Carbon-Containing Gases III. Sulfur-Containing Gases IV. Nitrogen-Containing Gases V. Ozone and Oxidants VI. Fluorine and Hydrogen Fluoride References 3. Nonviable Particles in the Air Nomenclature I. Introduction II. Particle Parameters III. Particle Dynamics in the Atmosphere IV. Physical and Chemical Properties of Particles in the Air V. Concluding Remarks References 4. Viable Particles in the Air I. Viable Particles in the Air II. Factors Influencing the Quantity and Kinds of Viable Particles in the Air III. Effects on Man, Animals, and Plants IV. Methods of Control of Viable Particles in the Air References 5. Sources of Radioactive Pollution I. Natural Radioactivity II. Properties of Fission and Activation Products III. Nuclear Reactors IV. Reprocessing of Spent Fuel V. Nuclear Weapons VI. Aerospace Applications of Nuclear Energy References 6. Atmospheric Reactions and Scavenging Processes I. Principles of Atmospheric Reactions II. Atmospheric Reactions in Air Pollution III. Atmospheric Scavenging Processes References Part II. Air Pollution Meteorology 7. Meteorology and Air Pollution I. Introduction II. Vertical Temperature Structure III. Wind Structure IV. Topographic Effects V. Large-Scale Wind and Temperature VI. Application to Air Pollution Problems VII. Nonturbulent Dispersal VIII. Mathematical Models of Urban Air Pollution References 8. Atmospheric Dispersion of Stack Effluents Nomenclature I. Introduction II. Characteristics of Stack Plumes III. Analytical Methods for Prediction of Plume Characteristics IV. Experimental Methods for the Prediction of Plume Characteristics References 9. Air Pollution Climatology I. Introduction II. Weather Elements III. Air Quality References 10. Meteorological Management of Air Pollution Nomenclature I. Introduction II. The Usefulness of Mathematical Models in Air Pollution Management III. The Meteorological Factor in Source Configurations IV. The Meteorological Factor in Source Control V. Signs and Portents-The Meteorologist in Air Pollution Management Today and Tomorrow References Part III. Effects of Air Pollution 11. Effect on the Physical Properties of the Atmosphere I. Introduction II. Effects of Air Pollution on Visibility III. Mathematical Concepts of Visibility IV. Air Pollution Effects on Urban Atmospheric and Weather Conditions V. Effect of Air Pollution on Atmospheric Constituents References 12. Effects of Air Pollutants on Vegetation I. Introduction II. Symptoms of Air Pollution Injury to Vegetation III. Factors Affecting Response of Vegetation to Air Pollutants IV. The Use of Plants for Pollutant Identification and Field Monitoring V. Economic Evaluation of Response VI. Reduction of Air Pollution Injury to Vegetation References 13. Biologic Effects of Air Pollutants I.