
Evidence-Based Cardiology Consult
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Reviews / Votes
From the reviews:
"This book emphasizes the growing role of consultative cardiovascular medicine in clinical practice. . appropriate for senior medicine residents rotating on a general cardiology rotation, first-year cardiology fellows rotating on a consultative service, or new physician extenders who may be providing care to general cardiology patients. . This is an exceptionally well written, thorough, yet concise book. It is well structured in that it is easy to comprehend and the graphs, pictures, and algorithms correspond well to adjacent text." (Conrad G. Jablonski, Doody's Book Reviews, March, 2014)More details
Other editions
Additional editions

Content
- Intro
- Preface
- Contents
- Contributors
- List of Videos
- Part I: Cardiac Issues in the General Medical Patient
- 1: Evaluation of Chest Pain
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of Cardiac Chest Pain
- Ischemic Cascade
- Diagnosis
- Causes of Noncardiac Chest Pain
- History and Symptoms
- Physical Exam
- Management: Ancillary Testing in the Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Stress Electrocardiography
- Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury
- Echocardiography
- Resting Echocardiography
- Stress Echocardiography
- Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
- Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- Resting Perfusion During Symptoms
- Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- Comparison of Stress Modalities and Imaging Techniques
- The Role of Chest Pain Observation Units
- Cardiac Catheterization
- References
- 2: Acute Coronary Syndromes
- Introduction
- Definition and Classification
- Prevalence and Mortality
- Pathophysiology
- Role of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction
- Vulnerable Plaque and Plaque Rupture
- Diagnosis
- History and Physical Examination
- Electrocardiogram
- Laboratory Evaluation
- Treatment
- Risk Stratification
- Anticoagulants
- Unfractionated Heparin
- Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
- Fondaparinux
- Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
- Antiplatelet Agents
- Aspirin
- Ticlopidine
- Clopidogrel
- Clopidogrel Resistance
- Clopidogrel and Proton Pump Inhibitors
- Prasugrel
- Ticagrelor
- Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
- Early Invasive Versus Initial Conservative Management of NSTEMI
- Reperfusion Therapy for STEMI
- Fibrinolysis
- Primary PCI
- Facilitated PCI, Rescue PCI, and Pharmacoinvasive Management
- Ancillary Therapy
- Oxygen
- Nitrates
- Beta Blockers
- Statins
- References
- 3: Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Systolic and Diastolic
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Risk Assessment
- Management
- Volume Management
- Diuretics
- Ultrafiltration
- Vasopressin Antagonists
- Hemodynamic Management
- Assessing Hemodynamics
- Positive Inotropic Agents
- Vasodilators
- Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Noninvasive Ventilation
- Adjustment of Chronic Medical Therapy During Hospitalization
- Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
- Perioperative Management of Heart Failure
- Noncardiac Surgery
- Noncardiac Surgery in Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Cardiac Surgery
- End of Life Care
- Transition of Care
- Summary of the Key Guidelines from Professional Societies
- Diagnosis
- Identification of Etiology for Deterioration of Clinical Status
- Management
- Hemodynamics
- Volume Overload
- Discharge and Transition of Care
- References
- 4: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertensive Heart Disease
- Introduction
- Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease
- Blood Pressure Treatment Goals in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
- Prevention and Treatment Recommendations
- Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Prevention and Treatment Recommendations
- Hypertension and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
- Prevention and Treatment Recommendations
- Resistant Hypertension with High Coronary Disease Risk
- Treatment Recommendations
- References
- 5: Valvular Heart Disease
- Introduction
- Valve Stenosis
- Aortic Stenosis
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Mitral Stenosis
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Valve Regurgitation
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Mitral Regurgitation
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Acute Valvular Regurgitation
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Right-Sided Valve Disease
- Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Tricuspid Stenosis
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Pulmonic Stenosis
- Pulmonic Regurgitation
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prosthetic Valves
- Endocarditis Prophylaxis
- References
- 6: Infective Endocarditis
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Summary of Guidelines
- References
- 7: Pericardial Diseases
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Pericarditis
- Pericardial Effusion
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Constrictive Pericarditis
- Diagnosis
- Pericarditis
- Pericardial Effusion
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Constrictive Pericarditis
- Management
- Pericarditis
- Pericardial Effusion
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Constrictive Pericarditis
- Summary of the Key Guidelines
- Acute and Recurrent Pericarditis
- Diagnosis
- Pericardiocentesis and Drainage
- Therapy
- Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade
- Indications for Pericardiocentesis
- Pericardial Fluid Analyses
- Constrictive Pericarditis
- Differential Diagnosis with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (Essential Diagnostic Evaluation)
- References
- 8: Atrial Fibrillation and Supraventricular Tachycardias
- Introduction
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Anticoagulation
- Initial Management
- Rate Versus Rhythm Control
- Catheter Ablation of AF
- Postoperative AF
- Atrial Flutter
- Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
- Preexcitation Syndromes and Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia
- Atrial Tachycardia
- Sinus Tachycardia
- References
- 9: Evidenced-Based Approach to Bradyarrhythmias
- Introduction
- Bradycardia Due to the SA Node
- Anatomy and Physiology of the SA Node
- Pathophysiology of Sinus Node Dysfunction
- Intrinsic Causes
- Extrinsic Causes
- Diagnosis
- Presentation
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Electrocardiographic Manifestations of SND
- Sinus Bradycardia
- Sinus Arrest
- Sinoatrial Exit Block
- Hypersensitive Carotid Sinus Syndrome
- Chronotropic Incompetence
- Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome
- Management
- Bradycardia Due to the Atrioventricular (AV) Node
- Anatomy and Physiology of the AV Node
- Pathophysiology of Atrioventricular (AV) Block
- Degenerative Disease
- Ischemic Heart Disease
- Iatrogenic
- Infectious Disease
- Diagnosis
- Presentation
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Electrocardiographic Manifestations of AV Block
- First-Degree AV Block
- Second-Degree AV Block
- Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach) Second-Degree AV Block
- Mobitz Type II AV Block
- 2:1 AV Block
- High-Grade AV Block
- Paroxysmal AV Block
- Third-Degree (Complete) AV Block
- Management
- References
- 10: Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death
- Introduction
- Risk Stratification in SCD
- Ischemic Heart Disease
- Treatment
- Secondary Prevention ICD Trials
- Primary Prevention ICD Trials
- Investigation of Aborted SCD
- Aborted SCD in a Structurally Normal Heart
- Long QT Syndrome
- Brugada Syndrome
- Catecholaminergic Polymorphic VT
- References
- 11: Top Ten Electrocardiographic (ECG) Abnormalities Not to Miss
- ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- Sinus Node Dysfunction (Sick Sinus Syndrome)
- Atrioventricular Block
- Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
- Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Brugada Syndrome
- Long QT Syndrome
- Early Repolarization
- Artifact
- References
- 12: Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia
- Smoking
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Obesity
- Diagnosis
- Cardiovascular Risk Scores
- Screening the Asymptomatic Patient for Cardiovascular Disease
- Novel Risk Factors
- Management
- Ideal Cardiovascular Health
- Risk Factor Management
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Inactivity
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia
- Statins
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Other Pharmacological Agents
- Individual Versus Population Risk
- The Polypill
- Population-Based Approach for CVD Prevention
- Summary of AHA Guidelines
- References
- 13: The Role of Cardiovascular Nuclear Imaging in Clinical Consultation
- Introduction
- A Brief History of Nuclear Cardiology
- Physiology of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- Image Interpretation
- Role of Nuclear Cardiology to Address Clinical Questions
- Diagnosis of CAD: Initial Investigation for the Presence of CAD in a Patient Suspected to Have CAD Based Upon Symptoms and an Intermediate Pretest Probability of CAD
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- Diagnosis: Detection of Preclinical Disease in the Asymptomatic Patient
- Diagnosis of CAD: Evaluation of an Underlying Ischemic Etiology in a Patient with Systolic Dysfunction/Cardiomyopathy
- Diagnosis: Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Mental Stress-Induced Ischemia
- Prognosis: Risk Stratification in Patients with Established CAD (Chronic Ischemic Disease)
- Prognosis: In the Setting of Normal Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- Prognosis in Special Populations: Diabetes and Female Gender
- Prognosis: Cardiovascular Preoperative Risk Stratification Prior to Noncardiac Surgery
- Prognosis: Risk Stratification Following Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Patient with Low TIMI Score or in a Patient with Incomplete Revascularization (Following MI and Following Revascularization)
- Guide Management: In Patients with Known CAD Who Have Had a Change in Symptoms (Chronic Ischemic Disease) with Goals to (1) Ameliorate of Symptoms and (2) Change Natural History of Disease
- Guide Management: Identification of the Location and Extent of Perfusion Defects to Guide Medical Management and Revascularization Strategies
- Guide Therapy: Assessment for Viability in Myocardial Segments with Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities and Reduced Perfusion
- Nuclear Cardiology in the Matrix of Multimodality Imaging
- Test Performance
- Radionuclide Tracers
- Nuclear Cardiology Imaging Protocols
- Stress Modality
- Exercise Stress
- Vasodilator Stress Agents
- Inotropic/Adrenergic Stress Agent
- Choice of Pharmacologic Stress Agent
- Medical Management Prior to Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- ECG-Gated Imaging
- Comparison to Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging
- Blood Pool Imaging
- References
- 14: Role of Echocardiography in Cardiology Consultation
- Introduction
- Ordering and Interpreting Echocardiograms
- Echocardiographic Techniques
- Basic TTE and TEE Views
- Specific Uses of Echocardiography
- Chamber Quantification
- Left Ventricle
- Left Atrium
- Right Ventricle, Right Atrium, and Pulmonary Artery
- Aorta
- Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Function
- "Echo Swan"
- Echocardiography of Valves
- Valvular Stenosis
- Valvular Regurgitation
- Pericardial Disease and Masses
- Stress Echocardiography
- Device Evaluation
- Summary of Guidelines
- Heart Failure
- Valves
- Aorta
- Appropriate Use Criteria
- References
- 15: The Role of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Cardiology Consultation
- Introduction
- Coding and Indications
- CPT Codes
- Training
- Guidelines
- Common Clinical Applications of CCTA
- Multidetector Row CT (MDCT)
- Scanner Technology
- Radiation Dose and Safety
- Patient Preparation
- Scanning Protocol
- Image Post-processing, Pitfalls and Artifacts
- Contraindications
- Asymptomatic Indications
- Coronary Arterial Calcium (CAC) (CPT: 75571)
- Emergent Clinical Indications
- Acute Chest Pain (CPT: 75574)
- Triage Algorithm for Acute Chest Pain Patients Evaluated with CCTA
- Nonemergent Clinical Indications
- Pulmonary Vein Morphology (CPT: 75572)
- Coronary Anomalies (CPT: 75574 or 75573)
- Congenital Heart Disease (CPT: 75573)
- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Assessment (CPT: 75574)
- Coronary Stent and Left Main Patency (CPT: 75574)
- Future CT Applications
- CT Perfusion (CTP)
- Plaque Analysis
- Summary
- References
- 16: The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiology Consultation
- Introduction
- Basic Principles of MRI: MRI Physics
- Relaxation Time and MR Contrast
- Image Acquisition and Signal Processing
- Basic Cardiac Sequences
- Spin-Echo ("Dark Blood" Sequence)
- Gradient-Recalled Echo ("Bright Blood" Sequence)
- Technical Issues and Patient Safety
- Common Clinical Consultative Roles of Cardiac MRI
- Heart Failure
- Evaluation of Cardiomyopathy
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Myocarditis
- Cardiac Tumors and Masses
- Pericardial Diseases
- Constrictive Pericarditis
- Pericardial Effusion
- Valvular Heart Diseases (Structure and Flow Analysis)
- Valvular Stenosis
- Valvular Regurgitation
- Congenital Heart Diseases
- Viability of Myocardium
- Stress Testing
- Coronary Artery Evaluation
- References
- 17: Implantable Cardioverter and Defibrillator Therapy
- Evidence-Based Guidelines
- Secondary Prevention Guidelines
- Primary Prevention Guidelines
- Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
- Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Other Populations
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
- Brugada Syndrome
- Congenital Long QT Syndrome
- Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- Cardiac Sarcoidosis
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Guidelines
- ICD Implantation Outcomes
- Incidence of Complications
- ICD-Related Infections
- Predictors of Outcomes
- ICD Shocks and Therapy
- Prognostic Impact of ICD Shocks
- Antitachycardia Pacing
- Inappropriate Shocks
- Remote Monitoring
- Limitations of Current Risk Stratification Techniques for SCD
- References
- Part II: Cardiac Problems in Specific Populations
- 18: Cardiovascular Disease in Women
- Introduction
- Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
- Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease Among Women
- Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease Among Women
- Treatment and Outcomes
- Cardiac Syndrome X
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology of Microvascular Disease
- Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Heart Failure in Women
- Takostubo Cardiomyopathy
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Autoimmune Disease
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- References
- 19: Cardiovascular Problems in the Elderly
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidemia
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Tobacco
- Physical Activity
- Obesity
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Valvular Heart Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Infective Endocarditis
- Heart Failure
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Prevention
- Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- End-of-Life Care
- References
- 20: The Athlete's Heart: Cardiovascular Disease in the Athlete
- Introduction
- Historical Overview
- Overview of Exercise Physiology
- Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling
- Diagnosis and Management of Athlete- Specific Cardiovascular Issues
- Chest Pain
- Arrhythmia/Palpitations
- Syncope
- References
- 21: Acute Pulmonary Embolism
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Specific Risk Factors
- Origin of Thrombi in Pulmonary Embolism
- Natural History of Pulmonary Emboli
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Presentation
- Risk Stratification
- Diagnostic Algorithms
- Treatment
- Anticoagulation
- Thrombolysis
- Surgical and Interventional Management
- Oral Anticoagulation and Secondary Prophylaxis
- Summary of the Key Guidelines
- Key Recommendations on Diagnosis
- Suspected High-Risk PE
- Suspected Non-High-Risk PE
- Suspected Non-High-Risk PE
- Key Recommendations for Initial Treatment
- High Risk
- Non-High Risk
- References
- 22: Right Heart Failure
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- The Normal and the Failing Right Ventricle
- Causes of RVF
- Diagnosis
- History and Examination
- Invasive and Noninvasive Studies for Diagnosis and Risk Stratification
- Biomarkers
- Electrocardiography and Radiographic Studies
- Echocardiography
- Right Heart Catheterization (RHC)
- Exercise Parameters
- Management
- Chronic RVF
- General Measures
- Neurohormonal Modulators and Diuretics
- Pulmonary Vasodilators
- Interventional and Surgical Therapies
- Acute/Decompensated RVF
- General Management
- Inotropes and Vasopressors
- Pulmonary Vasodilators
- Interventional and Surgical Rescue Therapies
- Summary of Key Guidelines from Professional Societies
- References
- 23: Thoracic Aortic Disease
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Anatomy of the Thoracic Aorta
- Types of Aortic Pathology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation
- Genetic Nature of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Anatomical Categorization of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
- Natural History of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Aortic Dissection
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Presentation
- Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Thoracic Aortic Dissection
- Biomarkers for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Radiographic Imaging
- Management
- Medical Treatment of Chronic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Medical Treatment of Acute Aortic Events (Dissection, Rupture)
- Surgical Treatment of Chronic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Surgical Treatment of Acute Dissections of the Thoracic Aorta
- Endovascular Treatment of Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissections
- References
- 24: Cardiovascular Issues and Renal Disease
- Introduction: Heart Disease and the Kidney
- Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients with CKD
- Presentation and Diagnosis of ACS in CKD Patients: Biomarkers
- Medical Therapy for ACS in CKD
- Revascularization Therapy in CKD Patients with ACS
- Adverse Outcomes of Invasive Procedures: Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
- Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
- Dyslipidemia in CKD
- Perioperative Cardiac Evaluation of the Renal Transplant Recipient
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS)
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnostic Markers
- Treatment
- Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration
- Valvular Heart Disease and Renal Dysfunction
- Pericardial Disease in Renal Failure
- Arrhythmias and Renal Failure
- Peripheral Arterial Disease in CKD
- Summary
- References
- Part III: Cardio-oncology
- 25: Cardiac Tumors and Masses
- Introduction
- Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology
- Common Tumor Locations
- Common Tumor Types
- Primary
- Benign vs. Malignant
- Secondary (Metastatic: With Pericardial Involvement)
- Diagnostic Modalities
- Treatment
- Pseudo-neoplasms
- References
- 26: Cardiovascular Complications of Chemotherapy: Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Assessment of Left Ventricular Function
- Endomyocardial Biopsy
- Novel Methods to Identify Anthracycline- Mediated Cardiotoxicity
- Personalized Identification of Risk of Anthracycline-Mediated Cardiotoxicity
- Management
- Treatment of Established Cardiotoxicity
- Prevention of Cardiotoxicity
- Conclusion
- References
- 27: Cardiotoxicity of Molecularly Targeted Chemotherapeutic Agents
- Introduction
- What Are "Molecularly Targeted Chemotherapeutic Agents" and Why Are They Being Used?
- What Types of Molecules and Pathways Are Being Targeted?
- Why Is Targeting These Pathways Toxic in the Cardiovascular System?
- Why Is Knowledge About the Cardiovascular Effects of These Drugs so Limited?
- Pathophysiology
- Differences Between Human and Preclinical Models Limit Predictive Power of These Models for Clinical Side Effects
- Predicting Cardiotoxicity Based on Cell Targets
- Drugs That Target Cardiac Myocytes
- Drugs That Target Vasculature
- Diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy
- Ischemia
- Hypertension
- Thromboembolism
- Arrhythmias
- Management
- Future of Cardio-oncology
- References
- 28: Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Management of Patients Receiving Radiotherapy to the Heart
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Pathology
- Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Patient Variability, Anatomy, and Radiation Fields
- Chemotherapy and Comorbidities
- Management
- Patients with Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs)
- References
- Part IV: Cardiac Diseases in Patients with Concurrent Pregnancy
- 29: Normal Cardiovascular Adaptation to Pregnancy
- Introduction
- Methods of Cardiovascular Monitoring
- Central Hemodynamics
- Initiating Mechanisms
- Blood Volume
- Vascular Resistance
- Cardiac Output, Stroke Volume, and Heart Rate
- Blood Pressure
- Systemic Pressures
- Cardiac Adaptation
- Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Mass
- Diastolic Function
- Labor and Delivery
- Postpartum
- Peripheral Systems
- Arterial System
- Venous Hemodynamics
- Regional Blood Flows
- Uterine Blood Flow
- Renal Blood Flow
- Cerebral Blood Flow
- The Microcirculation
- References
- 30: Hypertension and Pregnancy
- Introduction
- Cardiovascular Adaptation to Normal Pregnancy
- Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
- Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Diagnostic Classifications
- Pregnancy and Blood Pressure Measurement
- Management
- Preconception Counseling
- Initiation of Therapy and Treatment Goals
- Hypertension in Preeclamptic Patients
- Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
- Perspectives
- Timing of Delivery
- Future Complications
- Summary of the Key Guidelines
- The National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy [ 1 ]
- Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: 2011 Update: A Guideline from the American Heart Association [ 43 ]
- References
- 31: Cardiomyopathies, Heart Failure, and Pregnancy
- Introduction
- Cardiomyopathy in Women of Childbearing Age
- Preconception Evaluation, Risk Assessment, and Counseling
- Preconception Evaluation
- Estimation of Maternal Pregnancy Risk
- Preconception Counseling
- Contraceptive Choices in Women with Cardiomyopathies
- Diagnosis of Heart Failure in Pregnancy
- Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Pregnancy
- Outcomes in Women with Cardiomyopathy in Pregnancy
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Late Effects of Pregnancy on the Cardiomyopathic Heart
- Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Subsequent Pregnancy in Women with a History of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
- Pregnancy in the Heart Transplant Patient
- Neonatal Outcomes
- Management of Heart Failure in Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery
- Medical Therapy of Heart Failure in Pregnancy
- Arrhythmias Associated with Cardiomyopathy
- Atrial Flutter and Atrial Fibrillation
- Labor and Delivery
- References
- 32: Valvular Heart Disease and Pregnancy
- Introduction
- Hemodynamics of Pregnancy
- Physical Exam
- Specific Valve Lesions
- Aortic Stenosis
- Maternal Risk
- Fetal and Neonatal Risk
- Evaluation and Treatment
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Maternal Risk
- Fetal Risk
- Evaluation and Treatment
- Mitral Stenosis
- Maternal Risk
- Fetal Risk
- Evaluation and Treatment
- Mitral Regurgitation
- Maternal Risk
- Fetal Risk
- Evaluation and Treatment
- Pulmonic Regurgitation
- Maternal Risk
- Fetal Risk
- Evaluation and Treatment
- Pulmonic Stenosis
- Maternal Risk
- Fetal Risk
- Evaluation and Management
- Risk Scores
- Prosthetic Valves
- Biologic Valves in Pregnancy
- Mechanical Valves in Pregnancy
- Maternal Complications
- Fetal Complications
- Anticoagulation for Mechanical Valves in Pregnancy
- Valve Thrombosis in Pregnancy
- Cardiac Surgery During Pregnancy
- Labor and Delivery
- Preconceptual Counseling
- References
- 33: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Oxidative Stress and Excessive Prolactin Production
- Systemic Inflammation and Apoptosis
- Viral Pathology
- Abnormal Immune Response
- Other Possible Etiologies
- Familial, Heritable, and Genetic Associations with PPCM
- Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management
- Obstetric Considerations
- Outcomes
- References
- 34: Congenital Heart Disease: Pregnancy and Contraception
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- General Approach to the Assessment of Pregnancy Risk
- Assessment of Maternal Cardiac Risk
- Low-Risk Cardiac Lesions
- Intermediate and High Risk Cardiac Lesions
- Specific High-Risk Cardiac Lesions
- Marfan Syndrome
- Eisenmenger Syndrome
- Mechanical Valves
- Aortic Stenosis
- Assessment of Fetal and Neonatal Risk
- Assessment of Obstetric Risk
- Contraception Options
- Approach to Management During Pregnancy
- Management of Maternal Cardiac Complications
- Heart Failure
- Arrhythmias
- Marfan Syndrome and Aortic Dilation and Dissection
- Anticoagulation of Mechanical Valves
- Eisenmenger Syndrome and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Guidelines
- References
- Part V: Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Requiring Non-cardiac Surgery
- 35: Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation Before Noncardiac Surgery
- Role of the Consultant
- Pathophysiology of Perioperative Cardiac Events
- Clinical Assessment
- Importance of the Type of Surgical Procedure
- Importance of Exercise Tolerance
- Approach to the Patient
- Choice of Diagnostic Test
- Interventions for Patients with Documented CAD
- References
- 36: Perioperative Myocardial Infarction
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Preventive Therapies
- Beta-Blockers
- Statins
- Coronary Revascularization
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Cardiac Evaluation
- Summary
- References
- 37: Management of Antiplatelet Agents in the Perioperative Setting
- Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease
- Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- Stent Thrombosis
- Perioperative Bleeding with Antiplatelet Therapy
- Surgical Bleeding in Patients on Aspirin
- Surgical Bleeding in Patients on DAPT
- Strategies for Perioperative Management of Antiplatelet Agents in Patients with Coronary Stents
- Aspirin and P2Y 12 Inhibitor Throughout Surgery
- Discontinue P2Y 12 Inhibitor and Maintain Aspirin
- "Bridging Therapy" with Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
- Discontinue Aspirin and P2Y 12 Inhibitors and Consider Alternatives
- Management of Postoperative Stent Thrombosis
- Conclusion
- References
- 38: Managing Anticoagulation in Patients with Mechanical Valves
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Risk Factors for Thrombosis
- Diagnosis/Management
- Initiation of Anticoagulation Following Surgery
- Chronic Oral Anticoagulation
- Adjunctive Antiplatelet Therapy
- Anticoagulation Self-Monitoring
- Interruption of Anticoagulation
- Pregnancy
- Bleeding and Holding Anticoagulation
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Novel Anticoagulants
- Summary of Key Guidelines
- References
- Part VI: Cardiac Disease as a Source of Neurologic Sequelae
- 39: Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Cardiac Sources of Emboli
- Introduction
- Clinical Syndromes of Cardiac Emboli (Fig. 39.1)
- Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVA)
- Peripheral Arterial Embolization
- Renal Emboli
- Splenic Emboli
- Optic Emboli
- Mesenteric Emboli
- Pulmonary Emboli (PE)
- Coronary Emboli
- Etiology (Fig. 39.3)
- Left Atrial (LA) Thrombi
- Left Ventricular Thrombi
- Aortic Atherosclerosis
- Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis
- Abnormalities of the Atrial Septum
- Right Ventricular Thrombi
- Septic Emboli
- Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE)
- Intracardiac Tumors
- Evaluation
- Left Atrial Imaging
- Imaging of the Atrial Septum
- Valve Imaging
- Thoracic Aortic Imaging
- Left Ventricular Imaging
- Management
- Anticoagulation
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Mechanical Valves
- Left Ventricular Thrombi
- Aortic Atherosclerosis
- Cardiac Tumors
- PFO/ASD Treatment
- References
- 40: Syncope: An Evidence-Based Approach
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Initial Assessment
- Tilt Table Testing
- Implantable Loop Recorder
- Electrophysiology (EP) Study
- Management
- Vasodepressor Syncope
- Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Patients with Structural Heart Disease
- Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Absence of Overt Structural Heart Disease
- Summary of Key Guidelines
- References
- Index
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