Information Processing in Motor Control and Learning

ContentsList of contributors Preface 1 Skill Acquisition: An Event Approach with Special Reference to Searching for the Optimum of a Function of Several Variables I. Introduction II. Motor Tasks, Acquisition Processes, and Actors: A General Orientation III. Defining the Domain of Skill Acquisition for a Theorist IV. On Converting Biokinematic Free Variables into a Controllable System Reference Notes References 2 Some Issues on Action Plans I. Introduction II. Actions and Movements III. Plans for Action IV. How Detailed Is an Action Plan? V. How Conscious Is an Action Plan? VI. Development of an Action Plan References 3 Task Factors That Influence Selection and Preparation for Voluntary Movements I. Introduction II. Discrete Movement Paradigms III. Relationship between Initiation and Execution Stages IV. Factors That Influence Programming Time V. Concluding Remarks Reference Notes References 4 The Components of an Information Processing Theory of Skilled Performance Based on an Optimal Control Perspective I. Introduction II. Environmental Description III. Model Description IV. Issues That May Be Addressed by the Model V. A Possible Experiment VI. Summary References 5 Conscious Mechanisms in Movement I. Introduction II. Empirical Basis III. Theoretical Accounts IV. Predictions and Conclusions Reference Notes References 6 The Latency and Duration of Rapid Movement Sequences: Comparisons of Speech and Typewriting I. Introduction II. Experiments on Speech III. Hypothesis about the Latency Effect IV. Elaboration of the Sequence-Preparation Hypothesis V. Analysis of the Duration Function VI. An Experiment on Typewriting VII. Summary of Findings and a Tentative Model for the Latency and Duration of Rapid Movement Sequences Reference Notes References 7 Response Timing in Handwriting I. Introduction II. Quantitative Variability in Handwriting III. Discrete Nature of Force Application in Handwriting Movements IV. Time Scaling as a Determinant of Handwriting Size V. Timing of Successive Movements in Single-Letter Production VI. Conclusion VII. Appendix: Biochemical Considerations in Handwriting Reference Notes References 8 Sensorimotor Integration during Motor Programming I. Introduction II. Sensorimotor Integration at the Spinal Cord III. Sensorimotor Integration and the Cerebellum IV. Sensorimotor Integration and the Primary Somatic Motor Area V. Concluding Remarks References 9 Sources of Inaccuracy in Rapid Movement I. Introduction II. Fitts' Law III. Theories That Account for Fitts' Law IV. An Alternative View: Movement Output Variability V. Empirical Support for the Model VI. Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions Reference Notes References 10 Testing Tapping Time-Sharing: Attention Demands of Movement Amplitude and Target Width I. Introduction II. Aiming and Motor Control III. Aiming and Information Processing: Attention Demands of Movement IV. Previous Research concerning Tapping Time-Sharing V. Attention Demands of Movement Amplitude and Target Width VI. Conclusions Reference Notes References 11 Theoretical Issues for Knowledge of Results I. Introduction II. Thorndike and His Ideas III. The Thorndike Legacies References 12 Perceptual Organization in Motor Learning I. Introduction II. Definitions of Organization III. The Role of Organization IV. History of Organizational Research V. Measurement of Organization VI. Experimenter-Presented and Subject-Discovered Organization VII. Research in Motor Learning Relevant to Perceptual-Motor Organization VIII.