
Across the Boundaries
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- 1 Extrapolation and Heterogeneity
- 2 Interventions, Causal Effects, and Causal Relevance
- 2.1 Interventions
- 2.2 Causal Effects
- 2.3 Causal Relevance
- 2.3.1 The Probability-Raising Definition
- 2.3.2 Causal Relevance for Quantitative Variables
- 2.3.3 Contextual Unanimity
- 2.4 Conclusion
- 3 Causal Structure and Mechanisms
- 3.1 It's Nice, but Is It Causality?
- 3.2 Causality and Theoretical Terms
- 3.3 Causal Structure
- 3.4 Causal Structure in Molecular Biology
- 3.4.1 What's a Mechanism?
- 3.4.2 Mechanisms, Modularity, and Evolvability
- 3.5 Causal Structure in Social Science
- 3.5.1 What's a Social Mechanism?
- 3.5.2 Modularity and Social Mechanisms
- 3.6 Conclusion
- 4 The Disruption Principle
- 4.1 HIV Replication
- 4.2 Formulating the Principle
- 4.3 Resistance to HIV Infection
- 4.4 Why Believe the Disruption Principle?
- 4.4.1 The Disruption Principle and the PCC
- 4.4.2 Genetic Redundancy and the Faithfulness Condition
- 4.5 Conclusion
- 5 Extrapolation, Capacities, and Mechanisms
- 5.1 Simple Induction
- 5.2 Powers and Capacities
- 5.3 Mechanisms-Based Extrapolation
- 5.3.1 The Existing Literature on Mechanisms and Extrapolation
- 5.3.2 Comparative Process Tracing
- 5.4 Critiques of Animal Extrapolation
- 5.4.1 No Relevant Difference
- 5.4.2 The Extrapolator's Circle
- 5.4.3 HAM Versus CAM?
- 5.5 Conclusion
- 6 Ceteris Paribus and Extrapolation
- 6.1 The Many Meanings of Ceteris Paribus
- 6.1.1 Comparative, Normative, and Definite
- 6.1.2 The Completer Approach
- 6.2 Extrapolating Probabilistic Causal Claims
- 6.2.1 From Mechanisms to Causal Effects
- 6.2.2 Consonance and Causal Relevance
- 6.3 Ceteris Paribus and Extrapolation
- 6.3.1 Extrapolation in Extant Accounts of Ceteris Paribus
- 6.3.2 Completers and Inference Schemas
- 6.4 Conclusion
- 7 Reduction and Corrective Asymmetry
- 7.1 Abstracting from the Gory Details
- 7.2 What's Reductionism?
- 7.2.1 Four Motives and Three Desiderata
- 7.2.2 Reductionisms
- 7.2.3 Corrective Asymmetry
- 7.3 Can a Reductionist Be a Pluralist?
- 7.3.1 Core Principles of Pluralism
- 7.3.2 Autonomy and Unification
- 7.3.3 Autonomy and Causal Reality
- 7.4 Conclusion
- 8 Extrapolation in Social Science
- 8.1 Guala on External Validity
- 8.2 Are Social Mechanisms Causal Structure?
- 8.2.1 Structure-Altering Interventions
- 8.2.2 Anticipating Changes in Mechanisms
- 8.3 Two Case Studies
- 8.3.1 Extrapolation and Welfare Reform
- 8.3.2 Conscientious Simple Induction
- 8.3.3 Preference Reversals in the Real World
- 8.4 Conclusion
- 9 Social Mechanisms and Process Tracing
- 9.1 Confounders and Instrumental Variables
- 9.2 Mechanisms to the Rescue?
- 9.2.1 Kincaid's Objections
- 9.2.2 The Positive and Negative Sides
- 9.3 Process Tracing
- 9.3.1 Direct Versus Indirect Causal Inference
- 9.3.2 Objections Considered
- 9.4 Conclusion
- 10 Looking Back and Ahead
- Appendix
- Notes
- References
- Index
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