The Physical Principles of Rock Magnetism

PrefaceChapter 1. Magnetic Properties of Solids 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The spontaneous magnetization of ferromagnetics 1.3 Exchange interactions 1.4 Antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism 1.5 The origin of anisotropy and magnetostriction Chapter 2. Magnetic Minerals 2.1 Ferrimagnetism of magnetite 2.2 Properties of titanomagnetites 2.3 Maghemite 2.4 Oxidized titanomagnetites 2.5 Weak ferromagnetism in hematite 2.6 Titanohematites 2.7 Minor magnetic minerals Chapter 3. Ferromagnetic Domain Theory 3.1 Magnetostatic energy 3.2 Anisotropy energy 3.3 Magnetostrictive strain energy 3.4 Domain walls 3.5 Single domains and multidomains 3.6 Domain wall moments and Barkhausen discreteness 3.7 Lamellar intergrowths Chapter 4. Properties of Magnetite Grains and of Rocks containing them 4.1 Coercive force and grain size 4.2 Susceptibility of magnetite grains 4.3 Anisotropy in magnetite-bearing rocks 4.4 Saturation remanence and coercivity of remanence 4.5 Deflection of magnetization in a strongly magnetic layer Chapter 5. Properties of Hematite Grains 5.1 Anisotropy and coercivity 5.2 Susceptibility of nematite 5.3 Anisotropy and rotational hysteresis in hematite-bearing rocks 5.4 Titanohematites 5.5 The maghemite-to-hematite transitionChapter 6. Thermal Activation Effects 6.1 The concept of blocking temperature 6.2 Magnetic viscosity and paleomagnetic stability 6.3 Superparamagnetism and superantiferromagnetism Chapter 7. Thermoremanent Magnetization (TRM) 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Neel's (1955) theory of TRM in single domain grains 7.3 TRM in large multidomains 7.4 The pseudo single domain (grain surface) effect 7.5 Total thermoremanence 7.6 The Koenigsberger ratios 7.7 Partial thermoremanences and the law of additivity 7.8 Thermoremanence in anisotropic rock Chapter 8. Depositional Remanent Magnetization (DRM) 8.1 The occurrence of DRM 8.2 The detrital magnetization process 8.3 Demagnetization and stability of detrital remanence 8.4 Inclination errors, water flow and other extraneous effects Chapter 9. Chemical Remanent Magnetization (DRM) 9.1 The paleomagnetic significance of CRM 9.2 The process of chemical magnetization 9.3 The stability of chemical remanenceChapter 10. Alternating Field Demagnetization and Anhysteretic Magnetization 10.1 The demagnetization method 10.2 Magnetostatic forces in the demagnetization process 10.3 Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) Chapter 11. Piezomagnetic Effects 11.1 Effect of stress on susceptibility 11.2 Effects of stress upon remanence 11.3 Magnetostriction and paleomagnetism 11.4 The seismomagnetic and volcanomagnetic effectsChapter 12. Reversals of Remanent Magnetization 12.1 Evidence for reversals of the geomagnetic field 12.2 Self-reversal mechanismsChapter 13. Magnetism in Meteorites 13.1 Meteorite types and meteoritic iron 13.2 Natural remanence in chondritic meteoritesAPPENDIX 1. Table of the function F' (a) = 1¿0 x tanh (ax) dxAPPENDIX 2. Table of the function F(a) = 1¿0 1¿0xy tanh (axy) dx dyAPPENDIX 3. Table of the Langevin Function, L(a) = coth(a) - 1/?aAPPENDIX 4. Table of the function F"(a) = 1/a 1n (sinh a/a)BibliographyName indexSubject Index