Handbook of Industrial Polyethylene and Technology

Foreword by Barry Morris xi

Preface xiii

List of Contributors xv

Part 1: Principles and Properties of Polyethylene

1 An Industrial Chronology of Polyethylene 3
Christopher Dobbin

2 Catalysts for the Manufacture of Polyethylene 25
Yury V. Kissin

3 Ethylene Polymerization Processes and Manufacture of Polyethylene 61
Ian D. Burdett and Ronald S. Eisinger

4 Types and Basics of Polyethylene 105
Rajen M. Patel

5 Molecular Structural Characterization of Polyethylene 139
A. Willem deGroot, David Gillespie, Rongjuan Cong, Zhe Zhou and Rajesh Paradkar

6 Thermal Analysis of Polyethylene 217
Kevin Menard and Noah Menard

7 Rheology of Polyethylene 239
Gregory W. Kamykowski

8 Processing-Structure-Property Relationships in Polyethylene 283
Rajen M. Patel

9 Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene: Deformation and Fracture Behavior 309
Alexander Chudnovsky, and Kalyan Sehanobish

Part 2: Processing and Fabrication of Polyethylene

10 Single-Screw Extrusion of Polyethylene Resins 339
Mark A. Spalding

11 Twin-Screw Extrusion of Polyethylene 357
Yoshitaka Kumura, Amit K. Chaudhary and Mark A. Spalding

12 Blown Film Processing 381
Thomas I. Butler

13 Cast Film Extrusion of Polyethylene 411
Hyunwoo Kim, Mark A. Spalding, Kurt A. Koppi, Wes Hobson and Joseph Dooley

14 Extrusion Coating and Laminating 429
Thomas Bezigian

15 Injection Molding 443
Jon Ratzlaff and Thomas Giovannetti

16 Blow Molding of Polyethylene 475
Mohammad Usman and Abdul Sami Siddiqui

17 Rotational Molding 535
Jon Ratzlaff and Glenn E. Larkin, Jr.

18 Thermoforming Polyethylene 573
Roger C. Kipp

19 Polyethylene Pipe Extrusion 591
Pam Maeger, V. Rohatgi, D. Hukill, N. Koganti and B. Martinez

20 Polyethylene Foam Extrusion 603
N. S. Ramesh

21 Expanded Polyethylene Bead Foam Technology 637
Steven R. Sopher

22 Polyethylene Fiber Extrusion 669
Johannes Fink

23 Polyethylene Compounding Technologies 695
Charles D. Park II and Steven Blazey

24 Polyethylene Modification by Reactive Extrusion 715
Adriana I. Moncada, Wenyi Huang and Nicholas Horstman

Part 3: Additives for Polyethylene

25 Degradation and Stabilization of Polyethylene 753
Joseph J. Fay and Roswell E. King, III

26 Light Stabilization of Polyethylene 771
Feng Zuo and Tad Finnegan

27 Acid Scavengers for Polyethylene 793
Robert L. Sherman Jr. and Kimberly E. Kern

28 Slip Agents 821
John Gray and Thomas Breuer

29 Antiblocking Additives 833
Johannes Fink

30 Antistatic Additives for Polyethylene 853
Gina Butuc, Gea Spijkerman, Sue te Hofstee and Ted Kampen

31 Antifogging Agents for Polyethylene Films 865
Michele Potenza and Bjarne Nielsen

32 Lubricants for Polyethylene 877
Johannes Fink

33 Fluorinated Polymer Processing Aids for Polyethylene 889
David A. Seiler, Francois Beaume, Samuel Devisme and Jason A. Pomante

34 Chemical Blowing Agents for Polyethylene 909
Peter Schroeck, Randy Minton, Theresa Healy and Larry Keefe

35 Flame Retardants for Polyethylene 921
Rudolf Pfaendner

36 Nucleating Agents for Polyethylene 935
Darin L. Dotson

37 Antimicrobial Agents for Polyethylene 967
Ivan Ong

38 Pigments and Colorants for Polyethylene 985
Roger Reinicker

Part 4: Applications of Polyethylene

39 Fillers and Reinforcing Agents for Polyethylene 1035
Janos Moczo and Bela Pukanszky

40 Flexible Packaging Applications of Polyethylene 1071
Jeff Wooster and Jill Martin

41 Rigid Packaging Applications 1091
Cliff R. Mure

42 Pipe and Tubing Applications of Polyethylene 1109
Bryan E. Hauger

43 Wire and Cable Applications of Polyethylene 1125
Scott H. Wasserman, Bharat I. Chaudhary, Jeffrey M. Cogen, Mohamed Esseghir and Timothy J. Person

44 Medical Applications of Polyethylene 1155
Benjamin Poon and Len Czuba

45 Automotive Applications for Polyethylene 1169
Kalyan Sehanobish

46 Textile, Hygiene, Health, and Geosynthetic Applications of Polyethylene 1179
Sanjiv R. Malkan

47 Applications of Polyethylene Elastomers and Plastomers 1197
Kim L. Walton, Tim Clayfield, Jim Hemphill and Lisa Madenjian

Part 5: The Business of Polyethylene

48 Product Regulatory Considerations for Polyethylene 1221
Tor H. Palmgren

49 Sustainability and Recycling of Polyethylene 1245
Thomas Nosker and Jennifer Lynch

50 Bio-Polyethylene and Polyethylene-Biopolymer Blends 1253
Johannes Fink

51 The Business of Polyethylene 1297
Jorge O. Buhler-Vidal

Appendix A1: Polymer Abbreviation Definitions 1331

Index 1333