
Wealth of Nations
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It is the first book of modern political economy, and still provides the foundation for the study of that discipline.
But it is much more than that. Along with important discussions of economics and political theory, Smith mixed plain common sense with large measures of history, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and much else. Few texts remind us so clearly that the Enlightenment was very much a lived experience, a concern with improving the human condition in practical ways for real people. A masterpiece by any measure, Wealth of Nations remains a classic of world literature to be usefully enjoyed by readers today.
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Introduction
- Further Reading
- Volume One
- Introduction: and plan of the work
- Book 1: Of the Causes of Improvement in the Productive Powers of Labour, and of the Order according to which its Produce is Naturally Distributed Among the Different Ranks of the People
- Chapter 1: Of the Division of Labour
- Chapter 2: Of the Principle which Gives Occasion to the Division of Labour
- Chapter 3: That the Division of Labour is Limited by the Extent of the Market
- Chapter 4: Of the Origin and Use of Money
- Chapter 5: Of the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities, or of their Price in Labour, and their Price in Money
- Chapter 6: Of the Component Parts of the Price of Commodities
- Chapter 7: Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities
- Chapter 8: Of the Wages of Labour
- Chapter 9: Of the Profits of Stock
- Chapter 10: Of Wages and Profit in the Different Employments of Labour and Stock
- Part 1: Inequalities arising from the Nature of the Employments themselves
- Part 2: Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe
- Chapter 11: Of the Rent of Land
- Part 1: Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent
- Part 2: Of the Produce of Land which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent
- Part 3: Of the Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of that sort of Produce which always affords Rent, and of that which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent.
- Digression concerning the Variations in the value of Silver during the Course of the Four last Centuries
- Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of Gold and Silver
- Grounds of the Suspicion that the Value of Silver still continues to decrease
- Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon three different Sorts of rude Produce
- Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver
- Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price of Manufactures
- Conclusion of the Chapter
- Prices of Wheat
- Book 2: Of the Nature, Accumulation, and Employment of Stock
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Of the Division of Stock
- Chapter 2: Of Money, Considered as a Particular Branch of the General Stock of the Society, or of the Expence of Maintaining the National Capital
- Chapter 3: Of the Accumulation of Capital, or of Productive and Unproductive Labour
- Chapter 4: Of Stock Lent at Interest
- Chapter 5: Of the Different Employment of Capitals
- Book 3: Of the Different Progress of Opulence in Different Nations
- Chapter 1: Of the Natural Progress of Opulence
- Chapter 2: Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the Ancient State of Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire
- Chapter 3: Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns after the Fall of the Roman Empire
- Chapter 4: How the Commerce of Towns Contributed to the Improvement of the Country
- Book 4: Of Systems of Political Economy
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Of the Principle of the Commercial or Mercantile System
- Chapter 2: Of Restraints upon Importation from Foreign Countries of such Goods as can be Produced at Home
- Chapter 3: Of the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importation of Goods of almost all Kinds, from those Countries with which the Balance is supposed to be Disadvantageous
- Part 1: Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraints, even upon the Principles of the Commercial System
- Digression concerning Banks of Deposit, particularly con-cern-ing that of Amsterdam
- Part 2: Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary Restraints, upon other Principles
- Volume Two
- Book 4
- Chapter 4: Of Drawbacks
- Chapter 5: Of Bounties
- Digression concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws
- Chapter 6: Of Treaties of Commerce
- Chapter 7: Of Colonies
- Part 1: Of the Motives for Establishing New Colonies
- Part 2: Causes of the Prosperity of New Colonies
- Part 3: Of the Advantages which Europe has derived from the Discovery of America, and from that of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope
- Chapter 8: Conclusion of the Mercantile System
- Chapter 9: Of the Agricultural Systems, or of those Systems of Political Economy which Represent the Produce of Land, as either the Sole or the Principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of Every Country
- Book 5: Of the Revenue of the Sovereign or Commonwealth
- Chapter 1: Of the Expences of the Sovereign or Commonwealth
- Part 1: Of the Expence of Defence
- Part 2: Of the Expence of Justice
- Part 3: Of the Expence of public Works and public Institutions
- Part 4: Of the Expence of supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign
- Conclusion
- Chapter 2: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society
- Part 1: Of the Funds, or Sources of Revenue, which may peculiarly belong to the Sovereign or Commowealth
- Part 2: Of Taxes
- Chapter 3: Of Public Debts
- Appendix to Book 4
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