Metals and Materials
Science, Processes, Applications
Published on 22. October 2013
444 pages
978-1-4831-4103-9 (ISBN)
Description
Metals and Materials: Science, Processes, Applications aims to present the science of materials in a readable and concise form that leads naturally to an explanation of the ways in which materials are processed and applied. The science of metals, or physical metallurgy, has developed naturally into the wider and more diverse discipline of materials science. The study of metals and alloys still forms a large and important part of this relatively new discipline, but it's common to find that fundamental principles and concepts of physical metallurgy can be adapted to explain the behavior of a variety of non-metallic materials. As an aid to fully study this discipline, each chapter has been supplemented with a list of specialized references. These references include images and diagrams that illustrate the subtleties of materials, such as micrographs of grain structures and fine-scale defects, phase diagrams for metals and ceramics, electron diffraction patterns revealing atomic arrangements, specific property diagrams correlating the behavior of different materials, and slip vector diagrams for deforming crystals. Throughout this book, sufficient background and theory is provided to assist students in answering questions about a large part of a typical degree course in materials science and engineering. Some sections provide a background or point of entry for postgraduate studies and courses.
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Book
01/1995
5th Edition
Butterworth-Heinemann
€27.86
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Persons
After gaining his PhD in 1953, Professor Smallman spent five years at the Atomic Energy ResearchEstablishment at Harwell before returning to the University of Birmingham, where he became Professorof Physical Metallurgy in 1964 and Feeney Professor and Head of the Department of PhysicalMetallurgy and Science of Materials in 1969. He subsequently became Head of the amalgamatedDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials (1981), Dean of the Faculty of Science and Engineering, andthe first Dean of the newly created Engineering Faculty in 1985. For five years he wasVice-Principalof the University (1987-92).He has held visiting professorship appointments at the University of Stanford, Berkeley, Pennsylvania(USA), New SouthWales (Australia), Hong Kong and Cape Town, and has received HonoraryDoctorates from the University of Novi Sad (Yugoslavia), University ofWales and Cranfield University.His research work has been recognized by the award of the Sir George Beilby Gold Medal of theRoyal Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Metals (1969), the Rosenhain Medal of the Institute ofMetals for contributions to Physical Metallurgy (1972), the Platinum Medal, the premier medal ofthe Institute of Materials (1989), and the Acta Materialia Gold Medal (2004).Hewas elected a Fellowof the Royal Society (1986), a Fellowof the RoyalAcademy of Engineering(1990), a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Engineering (2005), andappointed a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in 1992. A former Council Member of theScience and Engineering Research Council, he has been Vice-President of the Institute of Materialsand President of the Federated European Materials Societies. Since retirement he has been academicconsultant for a number of institutions both in the UK and overseas.
Content
Preface 1 The Structure and Bonding of Atoms 1.1 The Realm of Materials Science 1.2 The Free Atom 1.2.1 The Four Electron Quantum Numbers 1.2.2 Nomenclature for Electronic States 1.3 The Periodic Table 1.4 Interatomic Bonding in Materials 1.5 Bonding and Energy Levels 2 Atomic Arrangements in Materials 2.1 The Concept of Ordering 2.2 Crystal Lattices and Structures 2.3 Crystal Directions and Planes 2.4 Stereographic Projection 2.5 Selected Crystal Structures 2.5.1 Pure Metals 2.5.2 Diamond and Graphite 2.5.3 Coordination in Ionic Crystals 2.5.4 AB-Type Compounds 2.5.5 Silica 2.5.6 Alumina 2.5.7 Complex Oxides 2.5.8 Silicates 2.6 Inorganic Glasses 2.6.1 Network Structures in Glasses 2.6.2 Classification of Constituent Oxides 2.7 Polymeric Structures 2.7.1 Thermoplastics 2.7.2 Elastomers 2.7.3 Thermosets 2.7.4 Crystallinity in Polymers 3 Structural Phases; Their Formation and Transitions 3.1 Crystallization from the Melt 3.1.1 Freezing of a Pure Metal 3.1.2 Plane-Front and Dendritic Solidification at a Cooled Surface 3.1.3 Forms of Cast Structure 3.1.4 Gas Porosity and Segregation 3.1.5 Directional Solidification 3.1.6 Production of Metallic Single Crystals for Research 3.2 Principles of Applications of Phase Diagrams 3.2.1 The Concept of a Phase 3.2.2 The Phase Rule 3.2.3 Stability of Phases 3.2.4 Two-Phase Equilibria 3.2.5 Three-Phase Equilibria and Reactions 3.2.6 Intermediate Phases 3.2.7 Limitations of Phase Diagrams 3.2.8 Some Key Phase Diagrams 3.2.9 Ternary Phase Diagrams 3.3 Principles of Alloy Theory 3.3.1 Primary Substitutional Solid Solutions 3.3.2 Interstitial Solid Solutions 3.3.3 Types of Intermediate Phase 3.3.4 Order-Disorder Phenomena 3.4 The Mechanism of Phase Changes 3.4.1 Kinetic Considerations 3.4.2 Homogeneous Nucleation 3.4.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation 3.4.4 Nucleation in Solids 4 Defects in Solids 4.1 Types of Imperfection 4.2 Point Defects 4.2.1 Point Defects in Metals 4.2.2 Point Defects in Non-metallic Crystals 4.2.3 Irradiation of Solids 4.2.4 Point Defect Concentration and Annealing 4.3 Line Defects 4.3.1 Concept of a Dislocation 4.3.2 Edge and Screw Dislocations 4.3.3 The Burgers Vector 4.3.4 Mechanisms of Slip and Climb 4.3.5 Strain Energy Associated with Dislocations 4.3.6 Dislocations in Ionic Structures 4.4 Planar Defects 4.4.1 Grain Boundaries 4.4.2 Twin Boundaries 4.4.3 Extended Dislocations in Closepacked Crystals 4.5 Volume Defects 4.5.1 Void Formation and Annealing 4.5.2 Irradiation and Voiding 4.5.3 Voiding and Fracture 4.6 Defect Behavior in Some Real Materials 4.6.1 Dislocation Vector Diagrams and the Thompson Tetrahedron 4.6.2 Dislocations and Stacking Faults in fcc Structures 4.6.3 Dislocations and Stacking Faults in cph Structures 4.6.4 Dislocations and Stacking Faults in bcc Structures 4.6.5 Dislocations and Stacking Faults in Ordered Structures 4.6.6 Dislocations and Stacking Faults in Ceramics 4.6.7 Defects in Crystalline Polymers 4.6.8 Defects in Glasses 4.7 Stability of Defects 4.7.1 Dislocation Loops 4.7.2 Voids 4.7.3 Nuclear Irradiation Effects 5 The Characterization of Materials 5.1 Tools of Characterization 5.2 Light Microscopy 5.2.1 Basic Principles 5.2.
