
Handbook on ICT in Developing Countries
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Content
- Cover
- Half Title
- Series Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- List of Abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1: The Evolution of Universal Service in Vietnam and Its Implication for 5G
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Overview of the Vietnamese Telecoms Policy and Market
- 1.2.1 A Snapshot on the Evolution of the Telecom Marketin Vietnam
- 1.2.2 A Snapshot of Vietnamese Telecom Policy Approach
- 1.3 The Evolution of Universal Service Policies in Vietnam
- 1.3.1 Before 2005
- 1.3.2 From 2005-2010: Program on Provision of Public Telecommunications Services Until 2010
- 1.3.3 Key Stakeholders in Implementing Program 74
- 1.3.3.1 The Stakeholders Carried Out the Provision of Universal Services
- 1.3.3.2 The Initiatives Implemented in Vietnam
- 1.3.4 From 2010-Now: Program on the Provision of Public Telecommunications Services until 2020
- 1.3.4.1 Overview of Program 1168
- 1.3.5 The Stakeholders Carried Out the Provision of Universal Services for Program 1168
- 1.4 Vietnamese Approach towards Developing the Telecoms Market
- 1.4.1 On the Supply Side
- 1.4.1.1 Subsidies for Development of Infrastructure -The Broadb and Connection Plan
- 1.4.1.2 Subsidies for Development and Maintenance Public Internet Access Centres - The Public Connection Plan
- 1.4.2 On the Demand Side
- 1.4.2.1 Subsidies for Demand - The Institutes Connection Plan
- 1.5 The Implication of the Vietnamese Approach to the Development of 5G Infrastructure and Services
- 1.6 Conclusion
- 2: Regulatory Challenges Affecting ICT Development in Ukraine
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Overview of Policies and Regulations Governing ICT in Ukraine
- 2.3 The National ICT Sector
- 2.3.1 Mobile Communication Technologies
- 2.3.2 Mobile Broadband - 3G Introduction
- 2.3.3 Broadband Access Technologies
- 2.4 The Transformation of Regulatory Policy in Ukraine
- 2.4.1 1991-2000 Post Soviet Transformation, The Monopoly of the Dominant Operator
- 2.4.2 2001-2008 The Regulatory Authority, Inefficient Regulatory Intervention
- 2.4.2.1 Regulatory Initiatives Adopted By NCCIR
- 2.4.2.2 Emerging Outcome to Telecom Regulations in the Ukraine
- 2.4.3 2009-2016 Decisive and Pro-Investment Regulatory Intervention
- 2.4.3.1 The Promotion of Competition
- 2.4.3.2 The Privatization of Ukrtelecom
- 2.4.4 Regulation. The EU - Ukraine Cooperation
- 2.4.4.1 ICT Benefits from the EU-Ukraine Cooperation
- 2.5 E-Government Implementation in Ukraine
- 2.5.1 Regulations and E-Government Implementation
- 2.5.2 The Role of Civil Society in E-Government Reforms
- 2.6 Conclusion
- 3: The Will to Innovate in Colombia: ICT Policies as a Means for Improving Education
- 3.1 Introduction: ICT Policies as a Will to Improve
- 3.1.1 Overview of National ICT for Education Policies
- 3.1.2 The Will to Improve
- 3.2 Innovating in Higher Education: The Colombian Case
- 3.3 Enacting the Will to Innovate
- 3.3.1 The Will to Innovate by Virtualising
- 3.3.2 The Will to Innovate by Training
- 3.3.3 The Will to Innovate by Planning
- 3.3.4 The Will to Innovate by Producing Digital Resources
- 3.3.5 The Will to Innovate by Researching
- 3.3.6 Summary on the will to Innovate in Colombia
- 3.4 Discussion
- 3.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- 4: The Role of Zero-Rating and Free Data in Promoting Next Generation Networks in Emerging Countries
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Debate
- 4.3 Adoption
- 4.3.1 Affordability
- 4.3.2 Relevance
- 4.3.3 Readiness
- 4.4 Reasons to Use Differential Pricing, Zero-Rating and Free Data
- 4.4.1 Improve the Economics for Capital Investment
- 4.4.2 Support Competition in the Market for Mobile Subscription, Content and Advertising
- 4.4.3 Supporting App and Content Development
- 4.4.3.1 Free Basics
- 4.5 Strategies for Building the Digital Economy of Developing Countries
- 4.6 Five Questions for Regulators to Adjudicate
- 4.6.1 What Perfect or Very Close Substitutes Would the Zero-Rating Offer Foreclose?
- 4.6.2 Does the Usage of Zero-Rated Application Cost to the Operator Less Than Equivalent Usage of Non-Zero-Rated Applications?
- 4.6.3 Is Zero-Rated Access to a Subset of Applications Intended to Increase the Number of Individuals Using the Internet?
- 4.6.4 Which Party Makes the Zero-Rating Complaint?
- 4.6.5 Is Zero-Rating Being Used to Access a Site for Which the User Then Pays a Fee?
- 5: Digital Divide: The Case of Africa
- 5.1 Introduction
- Part 1 - Historical and Theoretical Overview on Digital Divide
- 5.2 Historical Overview of Digital Divide
- 5.3 Perspectives on Digital Divide
- 5.3.1 What Is Digital Divide?
- 5.3.2 Digital Dividend and Digital-Divide
- 5.3.3 The Internet and Digital Divide
- 5.3.4 Why Discuss Digital Divide?
- 5.3.5 Nature of the Divide
- 5.3.6 Previous Studies on the Digital Divide
- 5.4 Overview of Factors Influencing the Digital Divide
- 5.4.1 Economic Variables
- 5.4.2 Demographic Variables
- 5.4.3 Telecommunication Pricing Measures
- 5.4.4 Policy and Operational Barriers
- 5.5 Disadvantaged Groups in the Digital Divide in Africa
- 5.5.1 Gender Issues in the Digital Divide
- 5.5.2 The Elite Versus the Poor
- Part 2 - Mobile Telephony and Digital Divide in Africa
- 5.6 Cellular Mobile Communications
- 5.6.1 Cellular Architectures
- 5.6.2 Impact of the Wireless Technologies on Digital Divide in Africa
- Part 3 - Current Policy Solutions
- 5.7 Enabling Policies
- 5.7.1 Case Studies
- 5.7.2 Why the Problem Still Exists in Africa
- 5.8 Author's Views on Digital Divide
- 5.9 Conclusion
- 6: M-Health in Africa: A Situation Analysis
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Overview of M-Health
- 6.3 mHealth State in Africa
- 6.4 Case Studies
- 6.4.1 cSTOCK
- 6.4.2 MomConnect
- 6.4.3 U-Report
- 6.4.4 mHero
- 6.4.5 RapidSMS Rwanda
- 6.4.6 Airtel/MicroEnsure
- 6.5 Challenges and Way Forward
- 6.6 Conclusion
- 7: Leveraging TV White Spaces as a Tool for Improved Rural Broadband Connectivity in Developing Countries: An Operational Perspective
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Literature Review
- 7.3 TVWS Network Setup at Case Study Location-Koforidua Polytechnic
- 7.4 Operational Feasibility Analysis
- 7.4.1 Signal Strength and Throughput Test
- 7.4.2 Ping Test
- 7.5 Cost Comparison of Deploying TVWS Broadband and 3G Broadband
- 7.6 Conclusions
- 7.6.1 Policy Recommendation for Digital Inclusion-Northern Ghana
- 7.6.2 Ghana Landscape and Line of Sight Communication
- 8: Towards Smart Farming? Mobile Technology Trends and Their Potential for Developing Country Agriculture
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Mobile Technology Trends
- 8.2.1 Diversity of Personal Mobile Devices and Delivery Channels
- 8.2.2 Internet of Things
- 8.2.3 Capitalizing on Networks and a Large User Base
- 8.3 Scenarios for the Evolution of Technology Trends and M-Services
- 8.3.1 Implications for Agricultural M-Services
- 8.3.2 Diverse Devices
- 8.3.3 Internet of Things
- 8.3.4 Capitalizing on Networks
- 8.4 Conclusion
- References
- 9: How Africa Can Gain Benefits from Next Generation Networks
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Background on ICT for Development in Africa
- 9.3 Development Agenda and ICT
- 9.3.1 From Past to Present
- 9.3.2 Present
- 9.3.3 Future
- 9.4 Issues and Challenges
- 9.4.1 Drawback of ICT4D
- 9.4.2 Drawbacks of New Technologies
- 9.4.2.1 IoT
- 9.4.2.2 AI
- 9.4.2.3 3D Printing
- 9.4.3 Negative Impact of Digital Development
- 9.5 Platform Enclosure by Huge Companies
- 9.5.1 Enclosure of Lot Market
- 9.5.2 Enclosure of the Internet Service
- 9.5.3 Sharing Economy
- 9.5.4 The Future of Africa (Worst-Case Scenario)
- 9.6 ICT Policy for the Digital Development Era
- 9.6.1 Reconsideration of ICT Policy Intervention
- 9.6.2 Encouragement of Business Ecosystem
- 9.6.4 Promotion of Local and Intrinsic Market (Original Marketin the Flattening World)
- 9.6.5 Coordination and Cooperation with Stakeholders
- 9.7 Conclusion
- 10: Rural Broadband in Developing Regions : Alternative Research Agendasfor the 5G Era
- 10.1 Introduction
- Section 1
- 10.2 Rural Flashbacks
- 10.2.1 Rural 5G: The Truly Disruption?
- 10.2.2 The Third Century of an Unaccomplished Development Effort
- 10.2.3 Rural Broadband and Development
- 10.2.4 International Cooperation in 5G
- 10.2.5 The Long-Lasting Nature of Rural Telecommunications Research
- 10.2.6 Horizontal and Vertical Research
- 10.2.7 Bottom-Up and Neutral Research
- Section 2
- 10.3 Alternative Research Agendas
- 10.3.1 Research Policies: Feedback from The Missing Link?
- 10.3.1.1 Lifecycle Management and Cost Engineering
- 10.3.1.2 Utility Cooperatives
- 10.3.1.3 Rural Demand
- 10.3.1.4 Marginal Impact
- 10.3.1.5 Feasibility From the Demand Side
- 10.3.1.6 Data Granularity
- Section 3
- 10.4 Examples of Promising Directions for Rural 5G
- 10.4.1 Channel Modelling for Millimeter Wave: Unexpected Findings?
- 10.4.2 Big Data and Geospatial Analysis
- 10.4.3 MU-MIMO-OFDM in Rural UHF Macro Cells
- 10.5 Concluding Remarks
- 11: Public-Private-Community Organizational and Financial Strategy for Developing 5G Infrastructure and Servicesin Rural Asia: The Case of Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines
- 11.1 Introduction
- Part 1
- 11.2 Introduction to the PPC Concept
- 11.2.1 What Is and What Is Not a PPC
- 11.2.2 Types of PPCs
- 11.2.3 Core Characteristics of PPCs
- 11.2.3.1 Intention to Initiate
- 11.2.3.2 Expected Incentives
- 11.2.3.3 Expected Stakeholder Functions
- 11.3 The Rationale for PPC
- 11.3.1 The Rapid Evolution of Mobile Technology
- 11.3.2 The Failure of Competition
- 11.3.3 The Need for PPC and Opportunity for PPCs in Asia
- 11.4 The Potential of PPC in the Delivery of 5G in Rural Areas in Developing Countries
- 11.4.1 Potential Community and Potential Demand
- 11.4.2 Potential Supply Possibilities
- 11.4.3 Potential PPC Organizational and Financial Strategy
- Part 2
- 11.5 Inspiration for the Organizational Framework for Supplying Telecom Infrastructure
- 11.5.1 Background for the Organizationaland Financial Strategy
- 11.5.2 Municipality Action
- 11.5.3 Description of the Organizational and Financial Strategy
- 11.6 Demand Assessment for Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand
- 11.6.1 Overview of the Adoption of Broadband in Indonesia,Thailand and the Philippines
- 11.6.2 The Existence of Huge Rural Commercial Cooperativesin the Three Countries
- 11.6.3 The Need for ICT by the Cooperatives
- 11.6.4 The Potential for Network Effect
- 11.7 Potential Supply Possibilities
- 11.7.1 The Infrastructure to Be Supplied
- 11.8 The Role of the Stakeholders in the PPC Organizational and Financial Strategy
- 11.8.1 The Public Sector Stakeholders
- 11.8.1.1 Public Sector Stakeholders Involved in the Central Coordination of the PPC
- 11.8.1.2 Public Sector Stakeholders Needed in the Facilitation of the Service Platform
- 11.8.1.3 Public Sector Stakeholders Needed for the Facilitationof the 5G Network Infrastructure
- 11.8.1.4 Public Sector Stakeholder Needed to Facilitatecapacity Building
- 11.8.2 The Private Network/Service Stakeholders
- 11.8.2.1 Private Sector Stakeholder Needed for 5G Infrastructure Delivery
- 11.8.2.2 Private Sector Stakeholder Needed for the Deliveryof the Service Infrastructure
- 11.9 Financial Design
- 11.10 Discussion
- 11.11 Conclusion
- References
- Index
- About the Editors
- About the Authors
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