Digitization and Manufacturing Performance

Preface xv

1 Green Energy Technologies 1
Chandan Deep Singh

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Industrial Processes 4

1.3 Overview of Renewable Energy Technologies 8

1.4 Dedicated Energy Crops 24

1.5 Agricultural Crop Residue 25

1.6 Forestry Residues 25

1.7 Algae 25

1.8 Wood Processing Residues 26

1.9 Sorted Municipal Waste 26

1.10 Wet Waste 26

1.11 What is Solar PV? 31

1.12 Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion 32

1.13 What is Waste to Energy? 33

1.14 Where are Nanomaterials Found? 45

2 Recent Advances in Green Energy Materials: A Review 51
Mukhtiar Singh, Maninder Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Mandeep Singh and Harjit Singh

2.1 Introduction 52

2.2 Solar Energy Materials 54

2.3 Wind Energy Materials 56

2.4 Hydroelectric Energy Materials 56

2.5 Geothermal Energy Materials 62

2.6 Biomass Energy Materials 64

2.7 Conclusion 70

3 Green Computing Technologies: Toward Sustainable Computing 73
Maninder Singh, Mukhtiar Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Harjit Singh and Mandeep Singh

3.1 Introduction 74

3.2 Virtualization and Cloud Computing 79

3.3 Sustainable Computing Practices 84

3.4 Green Computing in Industry and Society 87

3.5 Challenges and Opportunities 90

3.6 Conclusion 93

4 Application of Machine Learning Techniques for Environmental Monitoring and Conservation: A Review 97
Mukhtiar Singh, Maninder Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Harjit Singh and Mandeep Singh

4.1 Introduction 98

4.2 Machine Learning Techniques 106

4.3 Applications of Machine Learning in Environmental Aspect 109

4.4 Natural Resource Management and Conservation 113

4.5 Biodiversity Conservation 114

4.6 Waste Management and Recycling 115

4.7 Challenges and Opportunities 116

4.8 Opportunities for the Advancement of Machine Learning in Environmental Aspect 117

4.9 Ethics, Transparency, and Fairness in Machine Learning for Environmental Aspect 118

4.10 Real-World Applications of Machine Learning in Environmental Aspect 120

4.11 Case Studies 121

4.12 Success Stories and Best Practices 122

4.13 Conclusion and Recommendations 124

5 Green Engineering in IoT 129
Talwinder Singh and Davinder Singh

5.1 Introduction 130

5.2 IoT Data Types 130

5.3 What is Green IoT? 132

5.4 Benefits of Adopting Green IoT 134

5.5 Green IoT Components 135

5.6 Recommendations for Raising Awareness and Future Research Directions 145

6 Green Engineering in Product Development 149
Harpreet Sharma, Chandan Deep Singh and Kanwaljeet Singh

6.1 Introduction and Meaning 149

6.2 Principles of Green Engineering 151

6.3 Benefits of Green Engineering 157

6.4 Promoting Green Engineering Through Green Chemistry 158

6.5 Sustainability and Green Engineering Innovations That Might Just Change the World 159

6.6 Conclusion 163

7 Green Policies in Education: Fostering Environmental Stewardship and Sustainable Practices 167
Mukhtiar Singh, Maninder Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Harjit Singh and Mandeep Singh

7.1 Introduction 168

7.2 Theoretical Framework 175

7.3 Policy Development and Implementation 178

7.4 Curriculum Integration and Pedagogy 182

7.5 Infrastructure and Facilities 184

7.6 Student Engagement and Participation 189

7.7 Collaboration and Partnerships 190

7.8 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting 191

7.9 Challenges and Future Directions 196

7.10 Conclusion 207

8 Green Engineering in Automobile Sector 211
Harjit Singh, Mukhtiar Singh, Jasvinder Singh and Maninder Singh

8.1 Introduction 211

8.2 Green Engineering in Automobile Design 215

8.3 Conclusion 228

9 Towards Sustainable Manufacturing: Integrating Digital Technologies on the Green Path 235
Harjit Singh, Mukhtiar Singh, Jasvinder Singh and Maninder Singh

9.1 Introduction 235

9.2 Digital Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing with Internet of Things (IoT) 241

9.3 Digital Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing with Artificial Intelligence 241

9.4 Digital Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing with Digital Twins 242

9.5 Digital Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing with Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) 243

9.6 Digital Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing with Augmented Reality (AR) 244

9.7 Green Path for Sustainable Manufacturing 245

9.8 Introduction to Green Manufacturing 246

9.9 Future Trends in Sustainable Manufacturing 253

9.10 Emerging Digital Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing 254

9.11 New Trends in Green Manufacturing Practices 254

9.12 Future Directions for Sustainable Manufacturing 255

9.13 Conclusion 256

9.14 Future Scope 257

10 Smart Manufacturing for a Sustainable Future: A Review 265
Maninder Singh, Mukhtiar Singh, Jasvinder Singh and Harjit Singh

10.1 Introduction 266

10.2 Smart Manufacturing for Green Future 267

10.3 Green Supply Chain Management 269

10.4 Waste Reduction 270

10.5 Renewable Energy Integration 271

10.6 Green Product Design 272

10.7 Circular Economy 273

10.8 Water Conservation 274

10.9 Green Data Centers 275

10.10 Conclusion 276

11 Smart Manufacturing for a Greener Future 281
Harpreet Sharma, Chandan Deep Singh and Kanwaljeet Singh

11.1 Introduction and Meaning 281

11.2 Historical Background of Manufacturing 284

11.3 Characteristics and Challenges of Smart Manufacturing Systems 288

11.4 Enabling Mechanisms Toward Smart Manufacturing for Greener Future 291

11.5 Supporting Tool/Methods Toward Smart Manufacturing for Greener Future 294

11.6 Conclusions 296

References 297

Index 299