Advances in Insect Physiology
Published on 2. December 2005
324 pages
978-0-08-045609-6 (ISBN)
Description
Advances in Insect Physiology publishes eclectic volumes containing important, comprehensive and in-depth reviews on all aspects of insect physiology. It is an essential reference source for invertebrate physiologists and neurobiologists, entomologists, zoologists and insect biochemists. First published in 1963, the serial is now edited by Steve Simpson (Oxford University, UK).
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12/2005
Academic Press
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Content
- Cover
- Advances in Insect Physiology
- Contents
- Contributors
- Insect Immunity: An Evolutionary Ecology Perspective
- Introduction
- Defence via behaviour
- The insect immune system - boundary defence
- The Cuticle
- The Integumental Epithelium
- Sensilla
- The Digestive System
- The Spiracles and Respiratory System
- Reproductive Tract
- The insect immune system - haemocoelic defence
- Clotting and Wound Closure
- Self/Non-Self Recognition
- Signal Transduction
- Effector Systems - Enzyme Cascades and Cytotoxins
- Phenoloxidase
- Nitric oxide
- Reactive oxygen species
- Effector Systems - Antimicrobial Peptides
- Effector Systems - Haemocytes
- Ecological immunology and variation in immune defence
- Life History Theory and The Costs of Immune Defence
- Evolutionary cost of immune defence
- Physiological cost of immune defence
- Specific Relationships Between Hosts and Parasites
- Outlook
- Memory in Insect Immunity?
- High Specificity, Few Receptors
- Multiple Infections
- Plasticity of Immune Function
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Antennal Movements and Mechanoreception: Neurobiology of Active Tactile Sensors
- Introduction
- The antennal motor system
- Morphological Types and Model Systems
- Insect model systems
- The segmented antennae of the Entognatha
- The annulated antennae of higher insects
- Crustacean model systems
- Biomechanical and Kinematic Considerations
- Kinematics, workspace and tactile acuity
- Biomechanics of the flagellum
- Static properties
- Dynamic properties
- Efferent Innervation of the Antenna
- Muscle innervation in insects
- Muscle innervation in crustacea
- Physiology of Antennal Motoneurons and Muscles in Insects
- Excitatory innervation
- Inhibitory and modulatory innervation
- Sensory physiology of antennal mechanoreceptors
- Sensory Structures and Transduction
- Mechanosensory hairs
- Tactile hairs
- Contact-chemosensory hairs
- Campaniform sensilla
- Chordotonal organs
- Strand receptors
- Mechanoreceptors of the crustacean antenna
- Distribution of Mechanoreceptors
- Hair plates
- Campaniform sensilla
- Chordotonal organs
- Chordotonal organs of the scape
- Ordinary chordotonal organs of the pedicel
- Johnston's organ
- Chordotonal organs in crustacea
- Sensory hairs
- Distribution along the flagellum
- Considerations about functional significance
- Physiology of Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons
- Neuroanatomy of antennal mechanosensory and motor pathways
- Mechanosensory Neuropils
- Insects
- Crustacea
- Connections to other Parts of the CNS
- Connections with motoneurons
- Connections with local brain neurons
- Antennal lobe (AL)
- Other brain regions
- Connections to ascending and descending neurons
- Immunocytochemistry
- Antennal mechanoreceptors
- Acetylcholine
- Serotonin
- Nitric oxide
- Taurine
- Antennal motoneurons and muscles
- Glutamate
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid
- Proctolin
- Other immunohistochemical results
- Immunohistochemistry summary
- Antennal Motoneurons in Insects
- General organisation
- Are antennal motoneurons ''identified neurons''?
- Soma positions
- Dendritic arborisation pattern
- Central neurophysiology of antennal mechanoreception
- Processing of Antennal Mechanosensory Information by Local Brain Interneurons
- Descending Antennal Mechanosensory Interneurons
- Behavioural physiology of the antennal tactile sense
- Passive Sensing
- Graviception
- Avoidance, assistance and resistance reflexes
- Antennal reflexes in insects
- Reflex types in crustaceans
- Reflex modulation in crustaceans
- Steering of locomotion
- Course control during flight
- Course control during walking and running
- Tactile elicited emergency behaviour
- Active Sensing
- Exploratory behaviour and tracking of objects
- Guidance of locomotion and tactile localisation
- Pattern recognition and learning
- Communication
- Agonistic behaviour
- Transferring information about resources
- Courtship and mating
- Biomimetics and 'antennal engineering'
- Steering Insects and Robots
- Engineering of Active Tactile Sensors
- Conclusions
- The Antennal Tactile Sense of Insects and Crustacea
- Active and Passive Mechanical Sensing
- Levels of Behavioural Complexity
- Acronyms and abbreviations
- Acknowledgements
- Note added in proof
- References
- Eupyrene and Apyrene Sperm: Dichotomous Spermatogenesis in Lepidoptera
- Introduction: dichotomous spermatogenesis
- What is Dichotomous Spermatogenesis?
- Eupyrene and Apyrene Sperm in Lepidoptera
- Spermatogenesis in Lepidoptera
- The Testes
- Anatomy of the testes
- The Verson's cell
- Cysts
- The blood- germ cell barrier
- Spermatogonia
- Spermatocytes
- Dichotomous spermatogenesis in Lepidoptera
- How Eupyrene and Apyrene Spermatogenesis Differ
- The Cellular Mechanism of Apyrene Spermatogenesis
- Failure of chromosome pairing in apyrene spermatogenesis
- The synaptonemal complex
- Interaction of telomeres with the nuclear envelope
- Genetic control of chromosome pairing in meiosis
- Duration of Eupyrene and Apyrene Divisions
- Spermiogenesis
- Formation of Eupyrene and Apyrene Spermatozoa
- Peristaltic Squeezing
- Surface Structures of Lepidopteran Sperm
- Regulation of dichotomous spermatogenesis
- Control of Mitosis and Meiosis
- The timetable of spermatogenesis
- Spermatogonial proliferation
- Initiation of meiosis
- Control of meiosis by ecdysteroids
- Indirect role of ecdysteroids
- Role of juvenile hormone
- Similarity to oogenesis and other male reproductive systems
- The Switch from Eupyrene to Apyrene Spermatogenesis
- The apyrene spermatogenesis inducing factor
- Factors within the testis that may determine apyreny
- Co-existence of eupyrene and apyrene cysts
- Control of Spermiogenesis
- Control of Spermatogenesis During Diapause
- Sperm movement and transfer
- Release of Eupyrene and Apyrene Sperm from the Testis into the Male Tract
- Spermiation
- Differential release of eupyrene and apyrene spermatozoa
- Disruption of the apyrene bundles and maintenance of eupyrene bundles
- Circadian rhythm of sperm release from the lepidopteran testis
- Descent of Eupyrene and Apyrene Sperm along the Male Tract
- Sperm movement and storage in the male tract
- Morphological changes in sperm in the male tract
- Transfer of Eupyrene and Apyrene Sperm to the Female
- Mating
- Transfer of sperm during mating
- The spermatophore
- The number of sperm transferred
- Sperm allocation
- Differential transfer of eupyrene and apyrene sperm
- Sperm Retention by Female Moths and Effects on Female Sexual Behaviour
- Behaviour of eupyrene and apyrene sperm in the female
- Sperm Migration from Bursa to Spermatheca
- Dynamics of sperm movement within the female
- The spermatophore and the source of energy for sperm migration
- Sperm Sorting in the Spermatheca
- Loss of Sperm from the Spermatheca
- Sperm maturation
- Sperm Activation
- Acquisition of sperm motility
- Regulation by endogenous proteases
- Role of cyclic AMP
- Dissolution of eupyrene bundles
- Maturational changes in the sperm during activation
- Other factors
- The evolutionary rationale of dichotomous spermatogenesis
- Evolution of Apyreny
- Possible Functions of Apyrene Sperm
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Index
