Quarterly Review of Distance Education

Name: Quarterly Review of Distance Education | Volume 21 #2
Brand: IAP - Information Age Publishing
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Volume 21 #2

Michael Simonson Anymir Orellana(Editor)

IAP - Information Age Publishing

1st Edition

Published on 1. November 2020

89 pages

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Front Cover
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Editors and Editorial Board
Anymir Orellana Editor
Vanaja Nethi Assistant Editor
Department Editors
International
Ray J. Amirault, Illinois State University
Michelle Rogers-Estable, SUNY Oneonta
Deborah Seepersaud, Barry University
Editorial Board
Contents
Statement of Purpose
Creating Accessible and Inclusive Online Learning
Moving Beyond Compliance and Broadening the Discussion
Patrick R. Lowenthal Krista Greear
Boise State University Blackboard
Michael Humphrey Alison Lowenthal
Boise State University Idaho Division of Vocational Rehabilitation
Quincy Conley Lisa A. Giacumo
A.T. Still University Boise State University
Joanna C. Dunlap
University of Colorado Denver
Accessibility is a hot topic in online education these days. Despite the increased focus on accessibility, most discussions of creating "accessible" online courses and elearning simply focus on adding alternative text to images and captions to vi...
Introduction
Background
Disability Laws and Guidelines
The Americans With Disabilities Act
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 & 508
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
1. WCAG 2.0 Level A: "color is not used as the sole method of conveying content or distinguishing visual elements." This means that if the color represents something specific (e.g., within a map), there needs to be another way that information is...
2. WCAG 2.0 Level AA: web content should have a "color contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1." This becomes especially applicable in multimedia, and text and graphics are often overlayed, frequently seen in PowerPoints or Google Slides.
3. WCAG 2.0 Level AAA: "a sign language video is provided for all media content that contains audio" (W3C, 1999, 2008, 2018). While it would be ideal for all videos to include a sign language companion, most schools do not do this as a standard p...
Supporting All Learners
Learners With High Needs Learning Online
STRATEGIES FOR MAKING ONLINE LEARNING ACCESSIBLE, USABLE, AND INCLUSIVE FOR ALL
Accessible and Usable Courses and Content
Auditory Content That Must Be Consumed With Sight
Visual Content That Must Be Consumed by Sound or Touch
Table 1
Accessibility Checklists and Resources
Accessible and Inclusive Pedagogy and Course Design
Multiple Means of Engagement
Multiple Means of Representation
Multiple Means of Assessment
Create Transparent Assignments
Consistent and User-Friendly Design
Modularize Course Content
Improve Readability by Simplifying Language
Attend to Social Presence and Community Building
Accessible and Inclusive Teaching
Get to Know Learners
Regular and Equitable Interaction
Timely Feedback
Monitor Learner Progress
Synchronous Communication
Remaining Flexible
Implications and Conclusion
References
The Effect of Distance Education on Information Literacy Case Study
Iran
Mohsen Keshavarz
Department of Medical Sciences Education Development, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Information literacy lies at the core of lifelong learning. It empowers people in all ages of life to seek, evaluate, use, and create information effectively on their personal, social, occupational, and educational goals. It is a fundamental human ri...
Introduction
Background and Importance of the Study
Information Literacy and E-Learning
The Relationship Between Information Literacy and Entrepreneurship
1. The role and impact of information literacy on the development of personality traits that are considered essentials for entrepreneurship, such as creativity, risk- taking, persuasive achievement, and independence.
2. The role of information literacy in the process of carrying out an economic activity based on new technologies in the current information society, and contributing to the realization of the concept of knowledge-based entrepreneurship.
A Brief History of Distance Education
Methodology
Research Goal and Questions
1. What is the level of the determination of the nature of the information of distance education students at the University of Tehran?
2. What is the level of effective access to information about distance education students at the University of Tehran?
3. What is the level of critical assessment of distance education students at the University of Tehran?
4. What is the level of targeted use of Information on distance education students at the University of Tehran?
Instruments and Methods
Figure 1
Findings
Table 1
Distribution of the Participants Based on Their Gender
23
23%
26/16
0.001
77
77%
100
100%
Table 2
Descriptive Statistics (Dispersion and Central Index) of Information Literacy Variable in Control and Experimental Groups
8/12
2/11
1
0
50
0.30
8/89
2/31
1
0
50
0.33
32/88
2/76
1
0
50
0.39
36/32
3/15
1
0
50
0.45
Table 3
The Results of the Levene Test for Homogeneity of Variance Error
98
1
2/22
0.041
Table 4
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
0.175
Figure 3
Table 6
The Test of the Effect of Within Variables
1
0.001
1
0.857
1
0.001
1
0.001
1
0.001
1
0.857
98
-
-
98
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
99
-
-
-
99
-
-
-
Table 7
The Results of Analysis for T Test
0.80
0.44
1.45
0.91
49
3.44
0.59
5.81
0. 001
49
Figure 4
Table 8
The Analysis of Factors of Information Literacy Variable
0.38
1.90
Weak
0.10
0.08
2.87
0.019
0.75
3.75
Strong
0.09
0.39
1.95
Weak
0.13
0.48
2.40
Weak
0.14
0.39
1.95
Weak
0.14
0.07
4.23
0.001
0.85
4.25
Strong
0.10
0.35
1.75
Weak
0.11
0.48
2.40
Weak
0.21
0.22
1.10
Very weak
0.10
0.11
2.61
0.038
0.72
3.60
Strong
0.08
0.29
1.45
Very weak
0.07
0.42
2.10
Weak
0.04
0.43
2.15
Weak
0.06
0.06
2.12
0.041
0.83
4.15
Strong
0.10
0.39
1.95
Weak
0.18
0.49
2.45
Weak
0.14
0.22
1.10
Very weak
0.17
0.05
0.79
0.75
0.56
2.80
Medium
0.12
0.21
1.05
Very weak
0.07
0.52
2.60
Medium
0.13
Conclusion and Discussion
Research Recommendations
Research limitations
1. Due to faculty entrepreneurship courses at Tehran University being nondirect, getting access to students and the data collection was very difficult and time- consuming.
2. The effects of intervening variables as students were completing questionnaires (internet outage during the online completing of the questionnaire)
3. The number of questions in the questionnaire (49 questions were a lot).
References
Appendix 1
Information Literacy Questionnaire According to the American College and Research Libraries Association standard
SECTION I
SECTION II
1. What is the most important reason for choosing your research topic (Select one option)?
2. If one of the lecturers asks you to write an analytical essay on "FAO" if you are not familiar with it which of the following sources gives you the best background or background information? (Select one option)
3. If you need to narrow down your research topic (examining the relationship between self-efficacy and organizational entrepreneurship), who is the most qualified person to consult? (You can select more than one option)
4. Which are the best keywords to search the following query and find the results in Word format? (Select one option)
5. Which of the following is relevant to the official stages of publishing an idea? (You can select more than one option)
6. Which of the following sources of knowledge are generally organized to facilitate access to the information? (Select one option)
7. Which of the following sources can be used as the most appropriate source for identifying journal articles? (Select one option)
8. Management Knowledge Research Journal is a publication of the Institute of Public Administration. In this work, research papers on the topic of public administration are published. Specify the type of this work. (Select one option)
9. Which of the following sources selects, arranges, and presents relevant information from texts in a particular field? (Select one option)
10. If you need a book that only has one copy in the library and one copy has been borrowed into another someone, how can you borrow another copy? (Select one option)
11. If the book you want is borrowed by someone else and you need bibliographic information. What works best at this time? (Select one option)
12. To help you with your search on the topic of "Strategic Planning" there are many articles that cover different aspects of this topic. What is the best thing at this time? (Select one option).
13. Which of the following tools should you choose when identifying valid journal articles on the subject of EFQM? (Select one option)
14. By searching the science direct database, a list of more than 250 abstracts has been obtained and shows twenty articles simultaneously. What is the best and fastest way to access and review this list in the next steps (You can select more than on...
15. Two weeks have passed since the beginning of the semester. Your teacher has given you a task to write a 10-pages article with a specific title. Which one of the following is the most effective way to get started if you decide to go to the library...
16. Choose the best set for the student concept. (Select one option)
17. How can you find appropriate subject terms for your article title "Investigating the Impact of Using Information and Communication Technology on Enhancing the Productivity of Employees in Iran Khodro Company" in a database? (You can select mo...
18. Which operator do you use if you want to search for a concept that has different synonyms? (Select one option)
19. In the Google search engine, we have searched for the term "school of human relations." Almost 1,400 results have been obtained. How do you limit your search results to articles published from 2015 to next and in English? (Select one option)
20. You're writing an article about Taylor, and your professor says there is a other books about Taylor. Which part of the new book will direct you to the page associated with Taylor? (Select one option)
21. If you find an article citation in an electronic journal, but the full text of the article is not available electronically, what is the first and best way to obtain an article? (Select one option)
22. Books in the university library are sorted by the number which of the following is the best description for books with the same and similar guide number? (Select one option)
23. What information do you need to identify the book 'Transformational Leadership' on the library shelf? (Select one option)
24. What is the fastest way to get the following article? (Select one option) Title: Pennsylvanian public-private partnership formed to curtail pregnant women smoking. Source: Health & Medicine WeekLK: 8/ 16/2004, p1214, 3p Document Type: Article For...
25. You are writing a 20-page scientific article. You have obtained three article titles by doing a word or phrase search. What's the best thing now (just select one option)?
26. You want a copy of the magazine article that is available in the library which is the best way to get it? (Select one option)
27. The following bibliographic specifications belong to which option
Yahaghi, Mohammad Jafar
Naseh, Mohammad Mehdi. Proofread and editing guide. Mashhad: Astan Qods Razavi, 1985.
28. Which feature of an article is usually more reliable in scientific research? (Select one option)
29. Which of the following websites do you usually use to find valid information for your research topic? (Select one option)
30. When searching the web for a controversial topic such as "targeting subsidies", which of the following statements is most appropriate for creating a bias? (Select one option)
31. Which of the following sources often provide one-sided views and views instead of reality? (You can select more than one option).
32. Which of the following do you need to find published articles on a topic such as Production Planning? (Select one option)
33. Answer the following question using the information provided. (Select one option) The force is back. (cover story) D. Kamp. Il Pors vanity fair no462 p 118- 32 f99 of myth and men (interview) B. Moyers. il Pors time v153 no 16 p 90- 4 ap 26 99.
34. If you need to write an article on "Pregnancy during adolescence," which of the following databases can provide articles with the content you need? (You can select more than one option)
35. You want to communicate directly with management professionals. How can you communicate with them? (You can select more than one option)
36. You are about to write an article on "Understanding Cultures and the International Community." Your search for the term "knowing cultures and the international community" in a research database yields thousands of results. What is the bes...
37. You have just finished reading a new article on "Information security in the electronic superhighway." Where can you quickly find a list of articles related to this title? (Select one option)
38. If you're going to write an article on the "structure of work failure," what do you do first to determine the content of your article? (You can select more than one option)
39. If you have a text file for the topic you are looking for, how do you make the changes, corrections, or additions you want? (Select one option)
40. If you have recovered a file on the subject of your search on the internet, which of the following files will be easier to modify, modify, and add? (Select one option)
41. If you have a list of resources to study, which of the following can be best used to maintain, add, subtract, and modify it? (You can select more than one option)
42. Which is more important to revise and refine the search process? (Select one option)
43. How do you deal with the class research paper you have prepared at the end of the semester? (You can select more than one option)
44. What is important to you when presenting your research in class? (You can select more than one option)
45. How to contribute to the advancement of science (You can select more than one option)
46. Which of the following indicates the immorality of submitting reports of borrowing resources to other individuals or government agencies? (just select one option)
47. You search for articles on "information literacy" using a search engine such as Google or a Database. Which one of the following options is most likely to be recovered by Google? (You can select more than one option)
48. Which of the following terms would make it unjustifiable for libraries and government agencies to restrict or prohibit your access to the information available and of your interest? (just select one option)
49. If you would like to quote from the following paragraph Computer Encyclopedia in the research article, which of the following illustrates the appropriate use of this work? (Select one option) Viruses are a special type of malicious code that requ...
Knowledge Sharing and Virtual Community of Practice Potential in the U.S. Coast Guard's Afloat Community
A Qualitative Case Study
Lisa Rodman
U.S. Coast Guard Force Readiness Command
Jesús Trespalacios, Patrick R. Lowenthal, and Brett E. Shelton
Boise State University
Virtual communities of practice (VCoP) may provide the afloat community of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) greater opportunities for learning and professional development. The specific learning needs and constraints of this community, including ...
Introduction
Literature Review
Influences of Knowledge Sharing in CoP
VCoP Influences, Challenges, and Support Mechanisms
Technical Disposition and Constraints Specific to VCoP
Method
1. How do members of the afloat community describe their willingness to share knowledge?
2. How do members of the afloat community describe their ability to trust other members with information regarding mistakes or lessons learned on the job?
3. How do members of the afloat community describe their experience, interest, and comfort with learning in a virtual environment?
Pilot Study
Context of the Study
Participants
Data Collection
Phase 1: Open-Ended Surveys
Phase Two: Interviews
Data Analysis
Results and Discussion
Research Question 1: Afloat Members' Willingness to Share Knowledge
Research Question 2: Afloat Members' Abilities to Trust Other Members With Information Regarding Mistakes or Lessons Learned
Research Question 3: Afloat Members' Experiences, Interests, and Comforts With Virtual Learning
Experience With Virtual Learning
Comfort and Interest in Virtual Learning
Implications for Practice
Considerations for Selecting a Virtual Forum
Effective Management and Facilitation Strategies
Strategies for Enhancing Communal Trust
Conclusions
References
Student Perceptions of Faculty Presence and Caring in Accelerated Online Courses
Lynne K. Zajac and Adrianne J. Lane
Northern Kentucky University
Introduction
Background and Literature Review
Why This Project
Research Questions
1. How do post licensure nursing students perceive faculty presence in accelerated online nursing courses?
2. What online faculty caring behaviors are deemed important by students in accelerated online nursing programs and how are they ranked?
Materials and Methods
Logic Model
Objectives:
1. Identify tools to measure the presence of caring within an accelerated online environment.
2. Administer tools to online post licensure nursing courses students.
3. Make recommendations to enhance caring in the accelerated online environment.
Outcomes:
1. Valid qualitative and quantitative tools to measure caring in the accelerated online environments are identified.
2. Recommendations are developed to enhance caring in the accelerated online environments based on survey findings gathered through project data collection.
3. A plan to integrate caring in the accelerated online environments with a timeline is created.
4. Knowledge gained is disseminated.
Design
Survey
Procedure
Data Analysis
Results
Demographic
Table 1
Demographics
19
&30
18
56
30-60
78
24
&60
3
91
Yes
8
8
No
91
10
&2
36
89
3-5
10
Quantitative
1. My instructor encourages student-faculty contact. (91%)
2. My instructor encourages cooperation among students. (93%)
3. My instructor encourages active learning. (92)%
4. My instructor gives prompt feedback. (68%)
5. My instructor emphasizes time on task. (82%)
6. My instructor communicates high expectations. 88%
7. My instructor respects diverse talents and ways of knowing. (80%)
8. My instructor creates a feeling of caring within the course. (72%)
9. I feel cared about by my instructor. (71%)
10. I feel the "presence" of my instructor within the course. (67%)
Figure 1
Figure 2
Qualitative
Table 2
Example of Theme Emergence
Engagement
Faculty interaction
Connection
Discussion of the Three Themes
Discussion, Implications, and Recommendations
1. Provide timely communication and communication which is twofold and includes both grading and responding. Faculty should set a timeline for grading and a timeline for responding to correspondence
publish both in the syllabus and communicate often...
2. Offer academic support and invest in student success. Faculty should include student academic support initiatives/ programs/departments in the syllabus information. In all communications with student, faculty should offer support and provide resou...
3. Present an empathetic presence with authentic communication. The faculty need to demonstrate that they are actively online and engaged in the course. Faculty should explore various ways to communicate such as using learning management system annou...
4. Be flexible as an instructor. Faculty should demonstrate authentic communication to and investment in the student in faculty-student interactions. Even though faculty should expect quality and timely work from students, it is important for faculty...
Strategies
Table 3
Microlevel Strategies to Enhance Faculty Online Presence and Caring Behavior
Limitations
Conclusion
References
Conference Calendar
Compiled by Vanaja Nethi
Nova Southeastern University
OLC Accelerate 2020 (now includes OLC Velocity 2020 sessions): November 9-18 (virtual). Theme: Accelerating Online Learning Worldwide
ISTE20 Live: November 29-December 5 (virtual). Theme: Reinventing Education Together: Adapt and Thrive in a Changing Learning Landscape
ITLC Lilly Online Conference Series: Enhancing Online, On-Site and Hybrid Teaching and Learning (November 30- December 4, 2020) (Virtual)
Reimagine Education Conference 2020 (December 9-11, 2020) (Virtual)
Author Biographical data
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Quarterly Review of Distance Education

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