Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems
Modeling, Optimization, and Operation
Published on 21. June 2017
200 pages
978-1-119-28342-3 (ISBN)
Description
A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art CCHP modeling, optimization, and operation theory and practice
This book was written by an international author team at the forefront of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems R&D. It offers systematic coverage of state-of-the-art mathematical modeling, structure optimization, and CCHP system operation, supplemented with numerous illustrative case studies and examples.
CCHP systems are an exciting emerging energy technology offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems: Modelling, Optimization, and Operation is a timely response to ongoing efforts to maximize the efficiency of that technology. It begins with a survey of CCHP systems from the technological and societal perspectives, offering readers a broad and stimulating overview of the field. It then digs down into topics crucial for optimal CCHP operation. Discussions of each topic are carefully structured, walking readers from introduction and background to technical details. A set of new methodologies for the modeling, optimization and control of CCHP systems are presented within a unified framework. And the authors demonstrate innovative solutions to a variety of CCHP systems problems using new approaches to optimal power flow, load forecasting, and system operation design.
* Provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art of CCHP system development
* Presents new methodologies for mathematical modeling, optimization, and advanced control
* Combines theoretical rigor with real-world application perspectives
* Features numerous examples demonstrating an array of new design strategies
* Reflects the combined experience of veteran researchers in the field whose contributions are well recognized within the energy community
* Offers excellent background reading for students currently enrolled in the growing number of courses on energy systems at universities worldwide
Timely, authoritative, and offering a balanced presentation of theory and practice, Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems: Modelling, Optimization, and Operation is a valuable resource forresearchers, design practitioners, and graduate students in the areas of control theory, energy management, and energy systems design.
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Additional editions
Yang Shi | Mingxi Liu | Fang Fang
Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems
Modeling, Optimization, and Operation
Book
09/2017
Wiley ASME Press
€124.50
Article not available at the moment
Software
07/2017
Wiley
€112.22
Shipment within 15-20 days
Persons
Yang Shi, Professor, PhD is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
Mingxi Liu, PhD from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; is an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow with the Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley.
Fang Fang, Professor, PhD is with the School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
Content
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xvii
Series Preface xix
Preface xxi
Acknowledgment xxiii
Acronyms xxv
Symbols xxvii
Introduction xxxiii
1 State-of-the-Art of Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) Systems 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Prime Movers 4
1.3 Thermally Activated Technologies 11
1.4 System Configuration 17
1.5 System Management, Optimization, and Sizing 25
1.6 Development and Barriers of CHP/CCHP Systems in Representative Countries 32
1.7 Summary 37
References 38
2 An Optimal Switching Strategy for Operating CCHP Systems 49
2.1 Introduction and Related Work 49
2.2 Conventional Operation Strategies of CCHP Systems 51
2.3 EC Function and The Optimal Switching Operation Strategy 54
2.4 Analysis and Discussion 57
2.5 Case Study 60
2.6 Summary 67
References 67
3 A Balance-Space-Based Operation Strategy for CCHP Systems 69
3.1 Introduction and Related Work 69
3.2 Optimal Operation Strategy 70
3.3 EC Function Construction 78
3.4 Case Study 80
3.5 Summary 85
References 85
4 Energy Hub Modeling and Optimization-Based Operation Strategy for CCHP Systems 87
4.1 Introduction and Related Work 87
4.2 System Matrix Modeling 88
4.3 Optimal Control Design 92
4.4 Case Study 97
4.5 Summary 102
4.A Non-convex Optimization Algorithm 103
References 112
5 Short-Term Load Forecasting and Post-Strategy Design for CCHP Systems 113
5.1 Introduction and Related Work 113
5.2 Estimation Model and Load Forecasting 115
5.3 Operation Strategy Design 119
5.4 Case Study 124
5.5 Summary 134
5.A Closed-Form Identification Solution of Quadratic ARMAX Model 134
References 138
6 Complementary Configuration and Operation of a CCHP-ORC System 140
6.1 Introduction and Related Work 140
6.2 System Configuration and Formulation 141
6.3 Optimal Operation Strategy for Normal Load Cases 146
6.4 Operation Strategy for Over load Cases 148
6.5 EC Function of the CCHP-ORC System 152
6.6 Case Study 152
6.7 Summary 155
References 157
Index 159
The th equality constraint of variable ATC Annual total cost ATCS Annual total cost savings Unit price of the absorption chiller Unit price of the boiler Carbon tax rate Electricity rate Unit price of the electric chiller Natural gas rate Unit price of the heating unit The th inequality constraint of variable Unit price of the PGU Electricity sold-back rates CDE Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon dioxide emissions of the CCHP system Carbon dioxide emissions of the CCHP system under FEL Carbon dioxide emissions of the CCHP system under FTL Carbon dioxide emissions of the SP system CDER Carbon dioxide emissions reductions Coefficient of performance of the absorption chiller Coefficient of performance of the electric chiller COST Operational cost Operational cost of the CCHP system under FEL Operational cost of the CCHP system under FTL Operational cost of the SP system Covariance of variables and Expectation of variable Electricity consumed by the electric chiller in the CCHP system Electricity consumed by the electric chiller in the SP system Excess electricity Purchased electricity from the grid by the CCHP system Purchased electricity for compensating for the cooling gap Purchased electricity from the grid by the SP system Standard basis vector with the th element being 1 Electricity input of component Electricity output of component Maximum electricity generated by the PGU Electricity output of the ORC Parasitic electricity Electricity generated from the PGU Maximum electricity generated by the PGU Electricity generated from the PGU under FEL Electricity generated from the PGU under FTL Electricity generated by the PGU Electricity required by building users and the electric chiller Electricity required by building users Lower bound of electricity required by building users Upper bound of electricity required by building users EC Evaluation criteria function value Annual evaluation criteria function value Evaluation criteria function value of the CCHP system under FEL Evaluation criteria function value of the CCHP system under FTL Hourly evaluation criteria function value Hourly evaluation criteria function value of day , hour Fuel consumed by the boiler in the CCHP system Fuel consumed by the boiler in the SP system Fuel consumed by the boiler in the CCHP system under FEL Fuel consumed by the boiler in the CCHP system under FTL Fuel consumed by the CCHP system Fuel input ofcomponent Total fuel consumption Additionally purchased fuel Total fuel consumption of the CCHP system under FEL Total fuel consumption of the CCHP system under FTL Fuel output of component Fuel consumed by the PGU Fuel consumed by the PGU in the CCHP system under FEL Fuel consumed by the PGU in the CCHP system under FTL Maximum fuel consumption of the PGU Optimal PGU capacity Reduced fuel consumption Fuel consumed by the SP system Energy conversion matrix of component Enthalpy of organic fluid at the inlet of pump Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of pump Enthalpy at the outlet of pump for the isentropic case Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of the evaporator Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of the pump Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of the turbine for the isentropic case HTC Hourly total cost Hourly total cost of the CCHP system Hourly total cost of the SP system HTCS Hourly total cost savings K Power to heat ratio Site-to-primary energy conversion factor for electricity Site-to-primary energy conversion factor for natural gas L Facility's life Maximize the function value of Minimize the function value of Maximum value between and Minimum value between and Organic fluid mass flow rate PEC Primary energy consumption Primary energy consumption of the CCHP system Primary energy consumption of the CCHP system under FEL Primary energy consumption of the CCHP system under FTL Primary energy consumption of the SP system PES Primary energy savings Cooling energy provided by the absorption chiller Total cooling demand Heat exchange of the condenser Cooling energy provided by the electric chiller Obtained heat by evaporator Equivalent total thermal requirement at the output of the heat recovery system Thermal energy provided by the boiler in the CCHP system Thermal energy provided by the boiler in the SP system Thermal energy gap Total heating demand Heating input of component Heating output of component Thermal energy from the heat recovery system for the use of cooling Thermal energy from the heat recovery system for the use of heating Thermal energy provided by the PGU Thermal energy provided by the heat recovery system Thermal energy required by building users...
Symbols
The th equality constraint of variable ATC Annual total cost ATCS Annual total cost savings Unit price of the absorption chiller Unit price of the boiler Carbon tax rate Electricity rate Unit price of the electric chiller Natural gas rate Unit price of the heating unit The th inequality constraint of variable Unit price of the PGU Electricity sold-back rates CDE Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon dioxide emissions of the CCHP system Carbon dioxide emissions of the CCHP system under FEL Carbon dioxide emissions of the CCHP system under FTL Carbon dioxide emissions of the SP system CDER Carbon dioxide emissions reductions Coefficient of performance of the absorption chiller Coefficient of performance of the electric chiller COST Operational cost Operational cost of the CCHP system under FEL Operational cost of the CCHP system under FTL Operational cost of the SP system Covariance of variables and Expectation of variable Electricity consumed by the electric chiller in the CCHP system Electricity consumed by the electric chiller in the SP system Excess electricity Purchased electricity from the grid by the CCHP system Purchased electricity for compensating for the cooling gap Purchased electricity from the grid by the SP system Standard basis vector with the th element being 1 Electricity input of component Electricity output of component Maximum electricity generated by the PGU Electricity output of the ORC Parasitic electricity Electricity generated from the PGU Maximum electricity generated by the PGU Electricity generated from the PGU under FEL Electricity generated from the PGU under FTL Electricity generated by the PGU Electricity required by building users and the electric chiller Electricity required by building users Lower bound of electricity required by building users Upper bound of electricity required by building users EC Evaluation criteria function value Annual evaluation criteria function value Evaluation criteria function value of the CCHP system under FEL Evaluation criteria function value of the CCHP system under FTL Hourly evaluation criteria function value Hourly evaluation criteria function value of day , hour Fuel consumed by the boiler in the CCHP system Fuel consumed by the boiler in the SP system Fuel consumed by the boiler in the CCHP system under FEL Fuel consumed by the boiler in the CCHP system under FTL Fuel consumed by the CCHP system Fuel input ofcomponent Total fuel consumption Additionally purchased fuel Total fuel consumption of the CCHP system under FEL Total fuel consumption of the CCHP system under FTL Fuel output of component Fuel consumed by the PGU Fuel consumed by the PGU in the CCHP system under FEL Fuel consumed by the PGU in the CCHP system under FTL Maximum fuel consumption of the PGU Optimal PGU capacity Reduced fuel consumption Fuel consumed by the SP system Energy conversion matrix of component Enthalpy of organic fluid at the inlet of pump Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of pump Enthalpy at the outlet of pump for the isentropic case Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of the evaporator Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of the pump Enthalpy of organic fluid at the outlet of the turbine for the isentropic case HTC Hourly total cost Hourly total cost of the CCHP system Hourly total cost of the SP system HTCS Hourly total cost savings K Power to heat ratio Site-to-primary energy conversion factor for electricity Site-to-primary energy conversion factor for natural gas L Facility's life Maximize the function value of Minimize the function value of Maximum value between and Minimum value between and Organic fluid mass flow rate PEC Primary energy consumption Primary energy consumption of the CCHP system Primary energy consumption of the CCHP system under FEL Primary energy consumption of the CCHP system under FTL Primary energy consumption of the SP system PES Primary energy savings Cooling energy provided by the absorption chiller Total cooling demand Heat exchange of the condenser Cooling energy provided by the electric chiller Obtained heat by evaporator Equivalent total thermal requirement at the output of the heat recovery system Thermal energy provided by the boiler in the CCHP system Thermal energy provided by the boiler in the SP system Thermal energy gap Total heating demand Heating input of component Heating output of component Thermal energy from the heat recovery system for the use of cooling Thermal energy from the heat recovery system for the use of heating Thermal energy provided by the PGU Thermal energy provided by the heat recovery system Thermal energy required by building users...
