
The Law of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
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With details of developments affecting countries in every continent, including Antarctica, the authors delve into the ways regulation of UAS is affected by such aviation law elements as the following:
- - insurance;
- - criminal and civil liability;
- - role of international and supranational agencies - International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), European Union (EU), European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN);
- - privacy and cyber security; and
- - civil UAS markets.
Following detailed investigations of international and regional developments, the third section of the book covers a cross-section of national laws (Antarctica, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, China, Cyprus, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, The Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, South Africa, Suriname, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States).
The authors' approaches throughout are both introductory, allowing those unfamiliar with the field to gain valuable insight into this fascinating and dynamic area, and also critical and focused, so that those more involved in the legal dimension of aviation law can further their knowledge.
Without a doubt this work enriches the legal literature and encourages stakeholders in this burgeoning field of aviation law to further examine and challenge developments and trends in regulation and of practice. Lawyers, law firms, academics, governments, relevant governmental and non-governmental agencies, and strategic planners in the UAS industry will all welcome this ground-breaking resource.
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Content
- Intro
- Halftitle Page
- Volume
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Editor and Contributors
- Summary_of_Contents
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- List of Abbreviations
- Acknowledgements
- PART I Introduction
- CHAPTER 1 Overview-Benjamyn I. Scott
- PART II International Issues
- CHAPTER 2 Terminology, Definitions and Classifications-Benjamyn I. Scott
- §2.01 Introduction
- §2.02 Aircraft Specific Terms
- §2.03 Whole System Terms
- §2.04 Remotely Control or Not
- §2.05 Aircraft Types
- §2.06 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 3 Small and Micro Unmanned Aircraft-Stefan A. Kaiser
- §3.01 Introduction
- §3.02 Definition of Small and Micro UA
- §3.03 Why Regulate Small and Micro UA?
- §3.04 Flight Vehicle
- §3.05 Operations
- §3.06 Pilot Qualification and Competency
- §3.07 Liability and Insurance
- §3.08 Payload
- §3.09 Compliance and Enforcement
- §3.10 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 4 The Applicability of the Public International Air Law Regime to the Operation of UAS-Fernando Fiallos
- §4.01 Introduction
- §4.02 Foundations of the International Regulatory Framework Pertaining to UAS
- [A] The Paris Convention 1919 and Its Protocol 1929
- [B] The Chicago Convention 1944
- §4.03 The Work of ICAO
- §4.04 Aircraft Legal Regime and Its Applicability to UAS
- §4.05 The Pilotless Clause
- §4.06 Rules of the Air
- §4.07 Documents Carried in Aircraft
- §4.08 Certificate of Airworthiness
- §4.09 Licensing of Personnel
- §4.10 Recognition of Certificates and Licenses
- §4.11 Concluding Remarks
- CHAPTER 5 Civil Liability Issues in International Transport-Charlotte Thijssen
- §5.01 Introduction
- §5.02 Contractual Liability
- [A] The Montreal Convention on the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air 1999
- [1] Passenger Transport
- [2] Cargo
- [3] Suitable Liability Limits
- [4] Insurance
- [5] Conclusions
- §5.03 Liability towards Third Parties
- [A] The Rome Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface 1953
- [B] Inflight Collision and Interference with Commercial Air Transport
- [C] Ground-Based Liability
- [D] A Future Regime?
- §5.04 General Tort Law
- §5.05 Product Liability
- §5.06 Other Potential Bases for Liability: Human Rights
- §5.07 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 6 Privacy-Merinda E. Stewart
- §6.01 Introduction
- §6.02 Government Searches under the US Fourth Amendment
- [A] A Search within the Meaning of the Fourth Amendment: Jones or Katz?
- [B] The Nature of and Altitude from Which the Observation Is Conducted
- [C] The Complexity of the Device
- §6.03 Respect for Private Life in the European Union
- §6.04 The European Union Data Protection Framework
- [A] Directive 95/46/EC
- [B] The General Data Protection Regulation
- [C] Framework Decision 2008/977/EC
- §6.05 The Protection of Privacy through Non-Privacy Laws
- [A] Aviation Safety Regulations
- [B] Tort Law: Trespass and Private Nuisance
- §6.06 Freedom of Speech: Achieving a Balance
- §6.07 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 7 Cyber Security-Deepika Jeyakodi
- §7.01 Introduction
- §7.02 Cyber Vulnerability
- §7.03 Legal and Regulatory Framework for Aviation Cyber Security
- [A] International Civil Aviation Organization
- [B] International and Regional Organisations
- [C] National Efforts
- [D] Guidelines and Good Practices
- [E] Other
- §7.04 Suggestions
- §7.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 8 Criminal Liability-Yasmin Bhatti
- §8.01 Introduction
- §8.02 General Principles of Public International Law
- [A] Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and Ne Bis in Idem
- [B] Jurisdiction and Extradition
- §8.03 Aviation Specific Conventions and Their Applicability to UAS
- [A] Applicable to Aircraft
- [B] Conventions That Do Not Apply to UAS: Tokyo (1963) and The Hague Convention (1971)
- [C] Convention That Applies to UAS: Montreal Convention 1971
- [D] Convention That Could Apply, but Has Not Yet Entered into Force: Beijing Convention
- §8.04 Criminal Law Aspects at a National Level
- §8.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 9 Aspects of Insurance for Unmanned Aircraft Systems-Nicholas Medniuk
- §9.01 Introduction and Context
- §9.02 Terminology and Definitions
- [A] Insurance
- [B] UAS
- §9.03 UAS Regulation and Roadmap
- §9.04 The Insurance Market and Conflict of Laws
- §9.05 Compulsory Insurance
- §9.06 Underwriting Considerations
- §9.07 The Insurance Contract
- [A] Hull Cover
- [B] Third Party Legal liability
- [C] Exclusions, Conditions and Warranties
- [1] Exclusions
- [2] Conditions and Warranties
- §9.08 Concluding Note
- PART III Regional Developments
- CHAPTER 10 Small Drones in Europe: Business as Usual?-Roderick D. van Dam
- §10.01 Introduction
- §10.02 An Overview of Current Discussions in Europe
- §10.03 Small Drones Business
- §10.04 Safety First
- §10.05 Risk Assessment
- §10.06 Protection and Privacy
- §10.07 Trends and Issues
- CHAPTER 11 The European Union and Civil Drones: The Riga Declaration and the Future of the European RPAS Industry-Vincent Correia & Noura Rouissi
- §11.01 Introduction
- §11.02 The Need for EU-Wide Rules on RPAS
- §11.03 The Safety and Security Concerns
- §11.04 Challenges Linked to Data Protection and Privacy
- §11.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 12 European Aviation Safety Agency-Gustavo Boccardo
- §12.01 Introduction
- §12.02 The Agency's Current Competences
- §12.03 Need to Amend the Basic Regulation
- §12.04 The Agency and the Basic Regulation
- §12.05 The Agency's International Harmonisation Efforts
- §12.06 Amending the Basic Regulation
- [A] The Riga Declaration
- [B] Concept of Operations of Drones
- [C] Advanced Notice of Proposed Amendment
- [D] Technical Opinion and Amendment Proposal to the Basic Regulation
- §12.07 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 13 Overview of the ASEAN and Its UAS Regulation: The Uneven Road of Harmonisation-Anggia Rukmasari
- §13.01 Introduction to ASEAN
- §13.02 Snapshot of UAS Regulation in ASEAN Member States
- [A] Thailand
- [B] Singapore
- [C] Indonesia
- [D] The Philippines
- [E] Malaysia
- [F] Vietnam
- [G] Remaining Member States
- §13.03 UAS Regulation Harmonisation in ASEAN
- §13.04 Conclusion
- PART IV National Law
- CHAPTER 14 Antarctica-Benjamyn I. Scott
- §14.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §14.02 Case Law
- §14.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §14.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 15 Australia-Merinda E. Stewart
- §15.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Introduction
- [B] Current Law
- §15.02 Case Law
- §15.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §15.04 Points of Interest
- [A] Proposed Reforms
- [B] Third Party Liability
- §15.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 16 Austria-Florian Wallner
- §16.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Implementation: Airworthiness and Operational Notice(s)
- [B] Classification of UAS
- [1] Model Aircraft
- [2] 79 Joule Rule
- [3] Unmanned Aircraft Class 1
- [4] Unmanned Aircraft Class 2
- §16.02 Case Law
- §16.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §16.04 Other Points of Interest
- [A] Costs and Procedure
- [B] Infringements
- §16.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 17 Belgium-Yasmin Bhatti
- §17.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Air Law
- [B] Proposed Royal Decree
- [1] Applicability
- [2] Requirements regarding the UAS
- [3] Operational Requirements
- [4] Requirements for the Pilot
- [5] Rules of the Air
- §17.02 Case Law
- §17.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Application
- [B] State Application
- §17.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 18 Brazil-Giselle Deiró
- §18.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §18.02 Case Law
- §18.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §18.04 Other Points of Interest
- §18.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 19 Canada-Patrick Vermette
- §19.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Canada's Aviation Code
- [B] Application to UAS
- [C] Specific Regulations Applying to UAS
- §19.02 Case Law
- §19.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §19.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 20 Colombia-José Ignacio García-Arboleda
- §20.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] The Aviation Code of the State
- [B] Application to UAS
- [C] Specific Regulations Applying to UAS
- §20.02 Case Law
- §20.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §20.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 21 China-Pai Zheng
- §21.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Introduction
- [B] Airspace Management
- [C] Certification and License Management of UAS Pilots
- [D] Civil Liability
- [E] Administrative Penalty
- [F] Criminal Responsibility
- §21.02 Case Law
- [A] Incidents
- [B] Criminal Offences
- §21.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §21.04 Other Points of Interest
- [A] Additional Relevant Rules
- [B] Draft Provisions of Low-Altitude Airspace Management
- §21.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 22 Cyprus-Chrystel Erotokritou & Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
- §22.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Historical Considerations
- [B] Current Law
- [1] Less That 2 kg and under 30 m
- [2] Approved Aeromodelling Sites
- [3] Other
- [4] Aerial Photography
- §22.02 Case Law
- §22.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §22.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 23 France-Thomas Leclerc
- §23.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §23.02 Case Law
- §23.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §23.04 Other Point of Interest: Aerial Photography and Videos Using UAS
- §23.05 Conclusions: What Has Changed since 2016
- CHAPTER 24 Germany-Katja Helen Brecke
- §24.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §24.02 Case Law
- §24.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §24.04 Other Points of Interest
- §24.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 25 India-Nitin Sarin
- §25.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] The Aviation Code of India
- [B] Application of the Aviation Code to UAS
- [C] Specific Regulations Applying to UAS
- §25.02 Case Law
- §25.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §25.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 26 Indonesia-Anggia Rukmasari
- §26.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §26.02 Case Law
- §26.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §26.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 27 Italy-Federico Bergamasco
- §27.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Purpose and Scope of Application
- [B] Classification of the RPAV
- [C] RPAS
- [D] Third Party Liability
- [E] Model Aircraft
- [F] Sanctions
- [G] Military RPAV
- §27.02 Case Law
- §27.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §27.04 Other Points of Interest
- §27.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 28 Japan-Momoyo Kinase
- §28.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §28.02 Case Law
- §28.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §28.04 Other Points of Interest
- §28.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 29 Mexico-Yshya de la Peña
- §29.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Mexican Civil Aviation Act
- [B] Mexican Civil Aviation Act Rules
- [C] Specific Regulations Applying to UAS
- §29.02 Case Law
- §29.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §29.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 30 The Netherlands-Wouter Oude Alink
- §30.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] The Situation before 1 July 2015
- [1] Recreational Use
- [2] Professional Use
- [B] New Rules for the Professional Use of UAS per 1 July 2015
- [C] The Future?
- §30.02 Case Law
- §30.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §30.04 Other Points of Interest
- [A] Privacy Issues under Dutch Law
- [B] Third Party Liability
- §30.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 31 Portugal-Maria José Viegas
- §31.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §31.02 Case Law
- §31.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §31.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 32 Republic of Korea-Nicole (Kongmyoung) Oh
- §32.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] The Aviation Act of the Republic of Korea
- [B] Application to UAS
- §32.02 Case Law
- §32.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §32.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 33 Romania-Iulia-Diana Galeriu
- §33.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Introduction
- [B] The Romanian Civil Aviation Code
- [C] CAA Proposal RACR-RPAS
- [1] Background
- [2] Scope
- [3] Certification and Licensing
- [4] Liability
- [5] Current Status
- §33.02 Case Law
- §33.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §33.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 34 Russian Federation-Alexander Batalov
- §34.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Development of Legal Framework
- [B] New Amendments to the Russian Air Code
- §34.02 Case Law
- §34.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §34.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 35 Slovenia-Alexander Uros Kosenina
- §35.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §35.02 Case Law
- §35.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §35.04 Other Points of Interest
- §35.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 36 South Africa-Thomas Lawrenson
- §36.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Application
- [B] Private Operators
- [C] Commercial, Corporate and Non-profit Operations
- [D] Commercial Operators
- [E] Operations
- §36.02 Case Law
- §36.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §36.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 37 Suriname-Clifford Themen
- §37.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] The Aviation Code of the State
- [B] Application to UAS
- [C] Specific Regulations Applying to UAS
- §37.02 Case Law
- §37.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Application
- [B] State Applications
- §37.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 38 Switzerland and Liechtenstein-Florian Wallner
- §38.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Application of Swiss UAS Legislation to the Principality of Liechtenstein
- [B] Swiss Aviation Code
- [1] The Aviation Code's Implementation
- [C] FOCA Permits
- [D] Military UAS
- §38.02 Case Law
- §38.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §38.04 Other Points of Interest
- §38.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 39 Turkey-Resat Volkan Gunel
- §39.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] General View of Turkish Aviation Law
- [B] Specific Regulations Applying to UAS
- [1] Classification
- [2] Compulsory Equipment
- [3] Airworthiness
- [4] Liability and Insurance
- [5] Registration
- [6] Requirements of Flight Permit
- [7] No-Fly Zones
- [8] Unauthorised Operations
- §39.02 Case Law
- §39.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §39.04 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 40 United Kingdom-Benjamyn I. Scott
- §40.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- §40.02 Case Law
- [A] Nuclear Testing Facility Case
- [B] Alton Towers Case
- [C] Football Stadiums and London Landmarks Case
- §40.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §40.04 Additional Comments
- [A] Heathrow
- [B] The Prison
- §40.05 Conclusions
- CHAPTER 41 United States-Fernando Fiallos
- §41.01 Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS
- [A] Authorities and Jurisdiction
- [B] Regulatory Regime on Civil UAS
- [1] Exception under Section 333
- [2] Special Airworthiness Certification (SAC)
- [C] Model Aircraft
- [D] Law Enforcement on Civil UAS
- [E] Aircraft Registration
- [F] Proposed Rules
- §41.02 Case Law
- §41.03 Applications
- [A] Civil Applications
- [B] State Applications
- §41.04 Conclusions
- PART V Conclusions
- CHAPTER 42 Concluding Remarks-Benjamyn I. Scott
- §42.01 Introduction
- §42.02 International Issues
- §42.03 Regional Developments
- §42.04 National Law
- §42.05 Broader Issues
- §42.06 The Next Steps
- Appendices
- APPENDIX I Types of Aircraft
- APPENDIX II Characteristics Table
- Index
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