
European Retail Research
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Steve Burt, Leigh Sparks and Christoph Teller
Abstract
This paper illustrates the structure of, and trends in, the retail market of the United Kingdom (UK). This industry analysis describes the retail environment compared to continental Europe and considers the regulatory issues which have helped form this retail environment. By using secondary data we describe concentration and consolidation tendencies and explain specific features of the UK retail market. Major trends are identified and discussed, concluding with an outlook on future developments.
1. Introduction
1.1. Retailing in the United Kingdom and Europe
In a number of ways retailing in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [in the following United Kingdom (UK)] appears to operate differently from the general pattern in continental Europe. Some may see this as yet another example of UK’s unwillingness to embrace the European Union, but as with all retailing, the sector merely reflects the context within which it operates and the norms of behaviour that have developed in the domestic market. In this brief paper we highlight the distinctive features of the UK’s retail market and illustrate how these have shaped the nature of competition in the sector.
Any attempt to understand the UK retail scene should start by recognising the distinctive features of this market (Mintel 2010). The United Kingdom is a compact island market of more than 60 m people living in circa 25 m households and with the third highest density of population in Europe after Belgium and the Netherlands. It is the sixth largest economy (Gross domestic product 1,808 bn EUR) worldwide and third largest in Europe after Germany and France. The total consumer expenditures are the second highest in Europe (1,096 bn EUR) after Germany (1,367 EUR) and 7th highest per capita in Europe (17,851 EUR in 2008).
The UK is ranked 4th in terms of total retail sales (318 bn EUR) and 12th in terms of retail sales per capita (5,184 EUR). Urban centres are relatively close together and although decentralisation of large retail stores to the urban periphery has occurred, planning policy has attempted to maintain a strong retail presence in the urban core of most major towns and cities (BCSC 2006; Guy 2007). As occupants of mainland Europe know all too well, Britain can perhaps best be described as “in Europe, but not European”! General attitudes towards the European Union amongst the majority of the population can be described as ambivalent, as illustrated in the strong desire to retain the national currency.
Despite this somewhat ethnocentric view, the UK market is an open economy, and a large number of non-national retailers operate in the market. At the same time, UK retailers are increasing their presence outside the domestic market.
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