
Advances in Digital Human Modeling
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This book reports on advances in human modeling techniques, covering cutting-edge algorithms and their practical implementation in health and medicine, automotive, clothing, virtual reality simulations, robotics, and assistive technologies. Gathering the proceedings of the 8th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium, held on September 4-6, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, it offers a timely snapshot on interdisciplinary, applied research, at the interface between computer science, ergonomics, engineering, design, health and technologies.
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Content
- Intro
- Preface
- Organization
- Contents
- Finite Element Analysis of the Donning Phase of a Prosthetic Socket for Transfemoral Amputees
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Joint-Based Metabolic Energy Expenditure for Physiology Simulation in Digital Human Avatars
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Joint-Based Metabolic Energy Expenditure
- 2.2 Motion Data Collection
- 2.3 Motion Data Export to OpenSim
- 2.4 Simulating Ground Reaction Forces
- 2.5 Joint Torque and MEE Calculations
- 2.6 Analysis
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Effectiveness of the Exo4work Shoulder Exoskeleton on Full-Body Musculoskeletal Loading - A Case Study in the Workplace
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- 6 Supplementary
- References
- Bridging the Gap Between Body Scanning and Ergonomic Simulation of Human Body Interaction in Autonomous Car Interiors
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Experimental Study
- 2.2 Data Processing
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- Towards Enhanced Functionality and Usability of Giving Manikin Task Instructions in a DHM Tool
- 1 Introduction
- 2 IPS IMMA
- 3 Improving the Instruction Language
- 3.1 Improving the High-Level Instructions Language
- 3.2 Automatic Inclusion of Realistic Acting in DHM Simulations
- 3.3 Improving Time Estimation of High-Level Instructions
- 4 Research Questions
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Automated Investigation of the Breast - Bra Interaction Using 4D Scan Data and Oscillation Analysis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 4D Scan Data Acquisition
- 2.2 Development of an Automated 4D Scan Data Analysis Using Python and the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT)
- 2.3 Oscillation Analysis of the Breast
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Oscillation Analysis: Frequencies and Local Maxima/Minima
- 3.2 Oscillation Analysis: Amplification Factor
- 4 Conclusion and Discussion
- References
- Classification Models in Post-stroke Patients Based in Human Hand Motion
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Data Source
- 2.2 Hyperparameters Selection
- 2.3 Random Forest
- 2.4 K-Nearest Neighbor
- 2.5 Support Vector Machine
- 2.6 Borderline-SMOTE Data Balancing
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Performance Comparison Between Classifiers After Borderline-SMOTE
- 3.2 Performance Comparison of the Classifiers Before and After Data Balancing
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Estimation of Upper-Limb Joint Torques in Static and Dynamic Phases for Lifting Tasks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Overview
- 3 Data Collection and Preparation
- 3.1 Experimental Data and Biomechanical Model
- 3.2 Joint Centers Estimation and Data Normalization
- 4 Joint Torque Estimation
- 4.1 Static Phases
- 4.2 Dynamic Phases
- 4.3 Learning and Evaluation
- 5 Results and Discussion
- References
- Comparing Weighting Algorithms for Anthropometric Datasets to Enable the Generation of Representative Digital Human Models
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Anthropometric Data
- 2.2 Weighting Algorithms
- 2.3 Evaluation Parameters
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- References
- Workwear with Loosely Coupled IMU Sensors for Posture Classification During Assembly Tasks: A Pilot Study
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Participants
- 2.2 Data Acquisition
- 2.3 Assembly Tasks
- 2.4 Data Analysis
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Time-Series
- 3.2 Discrete Data
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Applications of Using 4D Scanning Technologies in Biomechanics
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Data Samples
- 2.2 Analysis of Body Segment Asymmetries
- 2.3 Kinematic Analysis of Pelvic Tilt
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Asymmetry of Body Segments
- 3.2 Influence of Anatomical Landmark Definitions on Pelvic Tilt
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of Peak Expiratory-Inspiratory Flow in a Stented Upper Airway Using Experimental Data
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Research Methods
- 2.1 Geometry of the Model
- 2.2 Governing Equations of the Fluid-Solid Field
- 2.3 Boundary Conditions and Validation
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- Validation of Computationally Estimated Human Body-Seat Contact Forces During Sitting
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Experimental Data
- 2.2 Data Reduction
- 2.3 Computed Contact Forces
- 2.4 Data Analysis
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- References
- Does the Initial Guess Affect the Estimations of Knee Ligaments Properties via Optimization Procedures?
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Experimental Data
- 2.2 Data Reduction
- 2.3 Computational Model
- 2.4 Experimental Laxity Profiles
- 2.5 Ligament Properties Prediction
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- References
- Influence of the Experimental Protocol and the Optimization Method on the Noninvasive Estimation of Knee Ligaments Properties
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Experimental Data
- 2.2 Computational Model
- 2.3 Ground Truth Simulations
- 2.4 Ligament Properties Prediction
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- References
- Augmented Operators and Virtual User Manuals for Complex Industrial Systems: User Research and Scenario-Building Activities
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methodology
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Critical Appraisal of Using Digital Human Model, Virtual Human, Human Digital Twin and Digital Twin
- 1 Why We Need a Critical Appraisal?
- 1.1 What is the Difference Between a Model and a Twin?
- 1.2 Twinning Between Physical and Virtual
- 1.3 What is the Difference Between Virtual human, Human Digital Twins, Digital Twin, and Digital Human Models?
- 2 Conclusion
- References
- Joint Movement Assessment Applied to Unilateral Amputee Cycling
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Method
- 2.1 Cycling Prostheses
- 2.2 Experimental Setup
- 2.3 Movement Assessment
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- A Workflow for Deforming External Body Shapes with the Help of an Anatomically Correct Skeletal Model
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Registration (Step I)
- 2.2 Skeleton Definition (Step II)
- 2.3 Postural Change Between Initial and Target Postures (Step III)
- 2.4 Skinning Deformation (Step IV)
- 2.5 Evaluation
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Modelling Neck Postural Stabilization Using Optimal Control Techniques for Dynamic Driving
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 DIPM Setup
- 2.2 MPC Setup
- 2.3 Weight Optimization
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Model Optimized Weights
- 3.2 Model Validation
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Comparison of Wearable Inertial Sensors and RGB-D Cameras for Ergonomic Risk Assessment
- 1 Introduction and Literature Review
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Experimental Settings and Procedure
- 2.2 Data Analysis and Calculation of Joint Angles
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
- References
- Living Space Simulator: Visualizing Estimations of Childhood Injury Risk Based on Geometric Reachability
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Posture Generation for Reachability Check Using a Child Digital Human Model
- 3 Visualizing Plausibly Risky Regions Based on Reachability Using Statistical Behavioral Dimension Values
- 3.1 Reachable Area on the Horizontal Plane
- 3.2 Climbable Region
- 4 Example of Risk Visualization for Indoor Environment Model
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- The Modelling of Bariatric Populations in Digital Human Modelling Systems
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Method
- 2.1 How to Create DHMs for the Bariatric Population Using Anthropometric Data
- 2.2 Testing of the DHMs by the End User
- 3 Results
- 3.1 The Pilot Bariatric DHMs
- 3.2 The Initial Testing of the Bariatric DHMs by the Medical Device Manufacturer Human Factors Team
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Limitations
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- Can a Numerical Digital Human Finger Model Predict Subjective Comfort Rating of Handheld Products?
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Optimal Material Properties Determination Using FEM
- 2.2 Manufacturing of Deformable Handles and Material Properties Measurement
- 2.3 Task Definition and Subjective Comfort Measurement
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Simulation of Ergonomic Assembly Through a Digital Human Modeling Software
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Digital Human Modelling
- 1.2 Ergonomics Assessments
- 2 Methodology
- 2.1 Ergonomics Assessment Method Selection
- 2.2 DHM Implementation
- 2.3 Industry Case Validation
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Ergonomics Assessment Method Evaluation
- 3.2 DHM Integration
- 3.3 Industrial Case
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Towards an Approach for a Holistic Ergonomic Work Design Using Physical and Cognitive Digital Human Models
- 1 Multiple Usage of Digital Human Models
- 2 Physical and Cognitive Digital Human Models
- 2.1 Physical Human Models: Anthropometric and Biomechanical Digital Human Models
- 2.2 First Extension of Physical DHM with Cognitive Analysis
- 2.3 Cognitive Models of Human Behavior
- 2.4 First Extensions of Cognitive Models to Physical Interactions
- 3 Using Physical and Cognitive Digital Human Models
- 3.1 Use Case: Machine Operation Center and Related Work Activities
- 3.2 Analyzing of the Use Case Using Physical Human Models
- 3.3 Analyzing of the Use Case Using Cognitive Human Models
- 4 Benefit of Combination of Physical and Cognitive Systems
- 5 Intersection for a Holistic Human Model Approach
- 6 Summary and Conclusion
- References
- Preferred Postures for Doing Non-driving Related Activities in Reclined Seating Configurations in Highly Automated Vehicles
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Participants
- 2.2 Experimental Seat
- 2.3 Test Conditions and the Experimental Procedure
- 2.4 Data Processing
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Considering Individual Abilities and Age-Related Changes in Digital Production Planning Using Digital Human Models
- 1 Needs for an Ability- and Age-Appropriate Work Design
- 2 Ability- and Age-Appropriate Work Design Using Digital Human Models
- 3 Designing Workplaces for Aging and Performance-Restricted Employees with emaWD
- 3.1 Workflow for Digital Ability-Appropriate Workplace Design
- 3.2 Use Case: Production Area with Production and Logistic Activities
- 4 Results of Digital Work Planning Under Consideration of Age-Related-Changes of Human Abilities
- 4.1 Overall Current Situation of Workplaces in Production and Logistics
- 4.2 Redesign of the Production Workplace WS 1 and WS2
- 4.3 Logistic Activities
- 4.4 Effects of the Design Measures
- 5 Summary and Conclusion
- References
- Analysis of Musculoskeletal Loads During Prolonged Sitting in the Desk Work
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Method
- 2.1 Musculoskeletal Model
- 2.2 Experiment Conditions
- 2.3 Posture Measurements
- 2.4 Estimation of Chair Reaction Forces
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- The Effect of Music-Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Stroke Using Wearable Devices: A Pilot Study
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Subject One
- 3.2 Subject Two
- 3.3 Subject Three
- 3.4 Subject Four
- 3.5 Subject Five
- 3.6 Subject Six
- 4 Discussion
- References
- Analysing Gyroscopic Balance Support in Full-Body Human Models Based on Predictive Simulations
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Upper Body and VSCMG Cluster Models
- 2.2 Full-Body Human Model
- 3 Simulation Studies
- 3.1 Balance of the Upper Body Model
- 3.2 Full-Body Balance During Walking
- 4 Discussion and Conclusions
- References
- Computationally Efficient Human Body Modelling for Real Time Motion Comfort Assessment
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Biomechanical Modelling
- 2.1 Parameter Identification
- 3 Numerical Simulations
- 4 Results
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Author Index
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