Rural Social Work
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"There are so few texts on rural social work it is exciting tosee this excellent update. It fills an important niche for ruralpractitioners, helping social workers creatively recognize andbuild on the unique set of assets that can be found in ruralcommunities. It's just what I want for my students. Congratulationsto Drs. Scales, Streeter & Cooper on theiraccomplishment." --Linda Hillemann, MSW, LCSW, Coordinator, UM School ofSocial Work Off-Campus MSW Program "As the social work profession has evolved we have learned thevalue of identifying social problems while simultaneouslyrefocusing on the qualities that empower people and move themthrough their hardships. Rural Social Work: Building andSustaining Community Capacity, does a masterful job ofcapturing this professional growth. It demonstrates movement awayfrom our disillusionment about what cannot be done and insteadfocuses on our sanguine assessment of community possibilities. Theeditors, Scales, Streeter and Cooper, have selected contributorswho understand the myriad qualities inherent to rural communities,embrace possibilities, and skillfully discuss ways and means ofrural policy practice." --Iris Carlton-LaNey, Ph.D., Professor, University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Social Work "Whether at the individual, family, group, community ororganizational levels, rural social work practice requires aspecific body of knowledge and a unique skill set. Since much ofsocial work education assumes practice will occur in anresource-rich urban area, social workers are often perplexed whenthe knowledge, values and skills they have learned do noteffectively translate to a rural setting. This book takes thereader from a thorough history of social welfare in rural settingsto practice with diverse rural populations rarely covered in theliterature (e.g., rural African Americans, Latinos, GBLTpopulations, rural children and adolescents, the homeless, etc.).Both the beginning and advanced practitioner will learn how to workeffectively with rural congregations, formal and informal helpingnetworks, and mapping frameworks to address capacity building inrural mental health services, schools, hospice centers, AIDSservices, and community development. The authors have richly addedto the body of knowledge on rural social work practice from a "downhome," multisystem perspective. Social workers, both urban andrural, must have this practical "how to" on their shelves. It willbe required reading in our social work practice classes." --Barbara J. Nowak, Ph.D., LCSW/MSW, Program Director,Department of Social Work, Albany State University "Rural Social Work: Building and Sustaining CommunityCapacity, Second Edition is a wonderful update to a major textin the rural social work literature. Scales, Streeter, and Cooper,along with the chapter authors, expertly explain and demonstrate astrengths-based, asset and capacity building approach to ruralsocial work practice. Engagingly written, this text includes usefuldiscussion topics and activities. It will continue to be a mustread text in rural social work." --Barbara Pierce, PHD, LMSW, ACSW, Associate Professor,Indiana University, School of Social WorkMore details
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Content
Preface, xv
Acknowledgments, xxiii
About the Editors xxv
About the Contributors xxvii
PART ONE CONCEPTUAL AND HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RURAL SOCIAL WELFARE 1
Paul H. Stuart
Chapter 1 Down-Home Social Work: A Strengths-Based Model for Rural Practice 5
Michael R. Daley and Freddie L. Avant
Defining Rural 6
Rurality and Social Work Practice 7
A Multisystem Model for Down-Home (Rural) Social Work 9
Rationale for the Down-Home Model of Rural Social Work 10
Implications for Rural Social Work 13
Discussion Questions 15
Classroom Activities and Assignments 16
References 16
Chapter 2 Rural Is Real: History of the National Rural Social Work Caucus and the NASW Professional Policy Statement on Rural Social Work 19
Samuel A. Hickman
The Rural Social Work Caucus and the National Institute on Social Work and Human Services in Rural Areas 21
Activities of the National Rural Social Work Caucus 22
Achievements of the National Rural Social Work Caucus 23
A Generalist Approach 24
Including Rural Social Work in Educational Curricula 24
A Brief History of the Rural Social Work Professional Policy Statement 25
The 2002 and 2011 Rural SocialWork Professional Policy Statements 26
Discussion Questions 27
Classroom Activities and Assignments 27
Internet Resources 27
References 27
Chapter 3 Social Welfare and Rural People: From the Colonial Era to the Present 29
Paul H. Stuart
Colonial Period 30
Early National Period 31
The Civil War and After 33
The Progressive Era 35
World Wars Prosperity Depression and Prosperity Again 37
Recent Developments 38
Discussion Questions 40
Classroom Activities and Assignments 41
References 41
Chapter 4 Out of Sight Out of Mind: Rural Social Work and African American Women at Efland Home for Girls 1920-1938 45
Tanya Smith Brice
Female Delinquency 46
Girl-Saving Efforts 47
Efland Home as an Asset 50
Conclusion 52
Discussion Questions 53
Classroom Activities and Assignments 53
References 54
PART TWO HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND RURAL ENVIRONMENTS 57
Freddie L. Avant
Chapter 5 Accomplishing the Four Essential Tasks for Higher Education Access: The Role of Natural Helping Networks in Rural Virginia 59
Nathan F. Alleman and L. Neal Holly
Making Sense of Social Networks 60
Understanding College Access: Four Essential Tasks 62
Natural Helping Networks and School-Community Partnerships 67
Conclusion 70
Discussion Questions 71
Classroom Activities and Assignments 71
References 72
Chapter 6 African Americans Living in Rural Community: Building Assets from an Afrocentric Perspective 75
Freddie L. Avant
Diversity and Social Work Practice 76
Afrocentric Perspective 77
Using an Afrocentric Perspective to Build Assets 79
African Americans in Rural Areas 81
Understanding Human Behavior of African Americans in Rural Environments 82
Conclusion 83
Discussion Questions 84
Classroom Activities and Assignments 84
References 85
Chapter 7 Latino Populations in Rural America: Using Strengths to Build Capacity 87
Griselda Villalobos
New Immigration Patterns 87
Needs of Latino Populations in Rural America 88
Cultural Characteristics of Latino Populations 88
Acculturation 89
Strategies for Building Capacity 92
Conclusion 95
Discussion Questions 95
Classroom Activities and Assignments 95
References 96
Chapter 8 Building Community Among Rural Gay Lesbian Bisexual and Transgendered Persons: Connecting Community Through Families of Choice 99
Amy C. Russell
Challenges for Rural GLBT Individuals and Communities 100
Three-Stage Process for Building Community 102
Conclusion 110
Discussion Questions 110
Classroom Activities and Assignments 111
References 111
Chapter 9 Rural Children and Adolescents: Building Capacities Within Public Schools 113
Linda Openshaw
Consultation and Advocacy 114
Assessment 115
Direct Interventions and Program Development 116
Academic Help: Alternative Schools 118
Social Skills and Independent Living Skills 120
Mentoring 122
After-School Programs 124
Conclusion 125
Discussion Questions 125
Classroom Activities and Assignments 125
References 126
PART THREE PRACTICE ISSUES IN RURAL CONTEXTS 129
Susan A. Murty
Chapter 10 Evidence-Based Practice in the Rural Context 131
Danielle E. Parrish and Kathi R. Trawver
What Is Evidence-Based Practice? 132
Evidence-Based Practice and the Rural Social Work Practice Setting 135
Real-World Example: Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in a Rural Setting 136
What Are the Challenges and Possibilities for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Rural Settings? 137
Conclusion 140
Discussion Questions 141
Classroom Activities and Assignments 141
References 142
Chapter 11 Wraparound in Rural Child and Youth Mental Health: Coalescing Family-Community Capacities 145
Tamara S. Davis
Mental Health Prevalence and Risk Factors of Rural Children and Youth 146
Mental Health Service Delivery to Children Youth and Families in Rural Communities 147
Wraparound Service Delivery in Systems of Care 150
Conclusion 156
Discussion Questions 157
Classroom Activities and Assignments 157
References 158
Chapter 12 Help-Seeking Pathways to Care: Culturally Competent Practice With Rural Hispanics With High Migratory Traditions to the United States 163
Dennis L. Poole and Alex Espadas
Case Illustration 164
Help-Seeking Theory 165
Cultural Pathways to Care Model 166
Guidelines for Interventions Along Cultural Pathways to Care 168
Conclusion 172
Discussion Questions 173
Classroom Activities and Assignments 173
References 174
Chapter 13 Social Workers and Rural Congregations: Partnering to Build Community Capacity 175
T. Laine Scales and Jon E. Singletary
Characteristics of Rural Congregations 176
Communicating With Rural Congregations 179
Rural Congregations as Community Partners 181
Social Workers and Rural Congregations 182
Discussion Questions 183
Classroom Activities and Assignments 183
References 184
Chapter 14 Working Together to Improve Services for People Living With HIV/AIDS: An Example of Service Delivery Network Development From Rural Northeast Texas 187
H. Stephen Cooper Freddie L. Avant and Wilma Cordova
Context for Practice: Northeast Texas 188
Service Delivery Networks 190
The SHRT Network Development Project 194
Discussion 201
Conclusion 203
Discussion Questions 204
Classroom Activities and Assignments 204
References 204
Chapter 15 Building Capacity to Overcome Challenges in the Delivery of Hospice and Palliative Care in Rural Communities 207
Amy Z. Boelk and Jessica H. Retrum
Reviewing the Literature: Challenges for Hospice and Palliative Care in Rural Communities 208
Building Capacity: Insights From Rural Hospice SocialWorkers 212
Conclusion 218
Discussion Questions 218
Classroom Activities and Assignments 219
Internet Resources 220
References 220
PART FOUR POLICY ISSUES AFFECTING RURAL POPULATIONS 223
F. Ellen Netting
Chapter 16 Capacity for Conservation: Rural Communities Address Sustainability for Global Impact 227
Kathleen Belanger
Overview of Sustainability 228
Importance of Sustainability to Rural Communities and to Populations at Risk 230
Conclusion 233
Discussion Questions 233
Classroom Activities and Assignments 233
Internet Resources 234
References 234
Chapter 17 Living in Limbo: Homeless Families in Rural America 237
Jim Winship
Understanding Rural Homelessness 238
Reasons for the Growth in Homelessness 240
Recognizing the Assets of Those Experiencing Homelessness 246
Discussion Questions 248
Classroom Activities and Assignments 248
References 248
Chapter 18 Location Matters: Using GIS Mapping to Address Policy Issues in Rural Areas 251
Donna M. Aguiniga and Amanda M. Davis
History of GIS 252
Rural Issues 253
Tracking Service Utilization and Changes 257
GIS and Policy 258
Participatory GIS 260
Challenges with GIS 261
Conclusion 262
Discussion Questions 263
Classroom Activities and Assignments 263
References 264
PART FIVE USING RESEARCH TO EVALUATE PRACTICE IN RURAL SETTINGS 267
Dennis L. Poole
Chapter 19 Using an Assessment Framework for Research in a Rural Context 269
Susan A. Murty
Rural Research Literature 269
Rural Research Methods 271
Mapping the Assets of a Rural Community 273
Examples of Research Studies 275
Conclusion 277
Discussion Questions 277
Classroom Activities and Assignments 278
References 279
Chapter 20 Using Concept Mapping for Assessment and Planning in Rural Communities: Identifying Capacities Through Participation 281
Tamara S. Davis and H. Stephen Cooper
Community Assessment and Planning Approaches 281
Overview of Concept Mapping 282
Rural East Texas Health Network (RETHN) 285
Assessing Cultural Competence in a Rural System of Care for Children's Mental Health 292
Conclusion 298
Discussion Questions 299
Classroom Activities and Assignments 299
References 299
Chapter 21 Rural Networks: Using Social Network Analysis to Understand Communities 303
Calvin L. Streeter and H. Stephen Cooper
Social Network Analysis 304
The Safe Schools/Healthy Student (SS/HS) Collaboration 308
Conclusion 314
Discussion Questions 315
Classroom Activities and Assignments 315
References 316
Appendix A NASW Rural Policy Statement 317
Appendix B Online Training and Resources on the EBP Process and Practice Issues for Rural Settings 325
Appendix C Ideas Ratings for Service Providers and Consumers (Mean Scores) 329
Author Index 335
Subject Index 343
