Solar Energy Application in Buildings

List of Contributors Preface Nomenclature 1 The Solar Radiation Spectrum and Its Utilization 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Solar Constant and the Extraterrestrial Solar Spectrum 1.3 Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance at Ground Level 1.4 Direct Solar Radiation 1.5 Diffuse Radiation 1.6 Reflected Radiation 1.7 Total Radiation or Global Radiation 1.8 Effect of Turbidity on Solar Intensity 1.9 The Surface Albedo ag 1.10 Conclusion 2 Materials for Solar Energy Collectors 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Solar Radiation 2.3 Diathermanous Materials 2.4 Energy-Absorbing and -Emitting Materials 2.5 Heat Storage 2.6 Thermal Insulating Materials 3 Systematic Classification of Climate for Solar House Design 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Global Patterns of Solar Irradiation 3.3 The Absorption and Scattering Processes in the Atmosphere 3.4 The Diffuse Radiation Climate 3.5 Hourly Relationships for Average Diffuse Irradiance on Horizontal Surfaces 3.6 Climatological Variations in the Mean Irradiation of Sloping Surfaces 3.7 Climatological Factors Affecting Heat Losses from Flat Plate Solar Collection Systems 3.8 Meteorological Data Needed To Assess Storage Needs 3.9 Summary of Climatological Factors Affecting Space-Heating and Space-Cooling Demands 3.10 Conclusions 4 Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Solar Storage Requirements 4.3 Sensible Heat Storage 4.4 Thermal Energy Storage by Phase Changes 4.5 Other Forms of Energy Storage 4.6 Long-Term Solar Energy Storage 4.7 Conclusions 5 Solar Energy Utilization in Advanced Residential and Commercial Applications through Hydrogen Energy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Solar Production of Hydrogen 5.3 Hydrogen Storage and Distribution in Solar Energy Systems 5.4 Hydrogen as a Fuel 5.5 Hydrogen Heating Units and Appliances 5.6 Hydrogen Air Conditioning and Refrigeration 5.7 Electricity Generation via Hydrogen Energy 6 Passive Solar Heating System 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Some Examples of Passive Solar Heating Systems 7 Passive Cooling of Buildings 7.1 Introduction 7.2 General Remarks 7.3 Psychrometry 7.4 Evaporative Air Coolers 7.5 Evaporative Water Coolers 7.6 Radiative Cooling of Selective Surfaces 7.7 Night Cooling Concept 7.8 Calculations and Cost Analysis 7.9 Conclusions8 Solar Cooling for Buildings 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Conditioning Space for Comfort 8.3 Solar Cooling Systems 8.4 Storage and Performance 8.5 Economic Considerations 8.6 Current Research and Development 8.7 Conclusions 9 Natural Cooling in Hot Arid Regions 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Characteristics of Hot Arid Regions 9.3 Wind Towers 9.4 Air Vents 9.5 Cisterns 9.6 Natural Ice Making 9.7 Conclusions10 Hydronic Solar Heating and Cooling in Georgia 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Solar Heating and Cooling Technology 10.3 Solar Homes and Buildings in Georgia 10.4 Some Solar Systems Used with Georgia Projects11 Some Solar-Heated Buildings in Canada 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Direct Energy Associates Houses 11.3 Hoffman House 11.4 Lorriman House 11.5 La Macaza House 11.6 Pepper House 11.7 Provident House 11.8 Sicotte House 11.9 The Ark-Prince Edward Island 11.10 Recent Solar Energy Heating Demonstration Programs 11.11 Ives House 11.12 Fenco Consultants Limited House 11.13 The Proctor and Redfern Group House 12 Solar House Heating with Heat Pipe Collectors 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Concept 12.3 Solar Collectors 12.4 Energy System 12.5 Operating Experience 12.6 Further Activities13 Solar Houses in Japan 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The Heat Pump in Solar Heating 13.3 Solar Cooling with an Absorption Refrigeration Machine 13.4 Space-Heating System 13.