List of Abbreviations

1G 1st Generation of wireless telephone technology 2G 2nd Generation of wireless telephone technology 3G 3rd Generation of mobile telecommunications 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 4G 4th Generation of mobile telecommunications 5G 5th Generation of mobile telecommunications AAA Authentication Authorization Accounting AC-DC Alternating Current -Direct Current ACI Adjacent Channel Interference ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ADC Analogue to- digital converter ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line A-ESR Ant colony based-Energy Saving Routing AF Amplify-and-Forward ALR Adaptive Link Rate ALTO Application Layer Transport Optimization AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding AMR Automatic Meter Reader AON Active Optical (access) Network AP Access Point API Application Program Interface APP Application ARP Address Resolution Protocol ARPU Average Revenue Per User ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode AUC Authentication Centre AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BAN Body Area Network BB Baseband BBF Broadband Forum, BCCH Broadcast Control Channel BBU Baseband Unit BLE Bluetooth Low Energy BS Base Stations BSC Base Station Controller BER Bit Error Rate BSS Basic Service Set BTS Base Station Sites CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate CAPM Context-Aware Power Management CAPEX Capital Expenditure CCN Content-Centric Networking CDF Cumulative Distribution Function CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CDN Content Distribution Network CLI Convergence Layer Interface CN Core Network CO Central Offices CoC Code-of-Conduct CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point COPSS Content-Oriented Publish/Subscribe System CPE Customer Premises Equipment CPRI Common Public Radio Interface CPU Central Processing Unit CR Cognitive Radio CR mode Continuous Reception mode CS Cell zooming Server CSI Channel State Information CTMC Continuous-Time Markov Chain CUBS Coordinated Upload Bandwidth Sharing D2D Device-to-Device DA Dynamic Adaptation DC Data Center DAC Digital-to-Analogue Converter DAG Data Acquisition and Generation DAISIES Distributed and Adaptive Interface Switch off for Internet Energy Saving DDoS Distributed Denial-of-Service attack DE Deployment Efficiency DER Distributed Energy Resource DF Decode-and-Forward DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DiR Differentiated Reliability DLC Digital Loop Carrier DNS Domain Name Systems DP Dynamic Programming DPA Doherty Power Amplifiers DPD Digital Pre-Distortion DR Demand Response DRAM Dynamic Random-Access Memory DRX Discontinuous Reception DSP Digital Signal Processing DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexer DTIM Delivery Traffic Indication Message DTN Delay Tolerant Network DTX Discontinuous Transmission DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing EASes Energy-Aware States EAT Energy-Aware Traffic engineering EA-RWA Energy-Aware RWA EC European Commission ECI Energy Consumption Index ECR Energy Consumption Ratio EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EE Energy Efficiency EEE Energy-Efficient Ethernet EEF Energy Efficiency Factor EEER Equipment Energy Efficiency Ration EIA-RWA Energy and Impairment aware RWA EIR Equipment Identity Register EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EMAN Energy Management eNB evolved Node B EPAR Energy Profile Aware Routing EPC Evolved Packet Core EPON Ethernet passive optical network ERG Energy Reduction Gain ES Energy Saving ESACON Energy Saving based on Algebraic Connectivity ESIR Energy-Saving IP Routing Strategy ES-TE Energy-Saving Traffic Engineering ESM Energy Saving Management ETG Energy Throughput Gain ETSI European Telecommunication Standardization Institute eUTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network EV-DO Evolution-Data Optimized FE Forwarding Element FIB Forwarding Information Base FTP File Transfer Protocol FFT/iFFT Fast Fourier Transform/inverse Fast Fourier Transform FTTH Fiber To The Home FSU Femto SU FWM Four Wave Mixing GABS Gradient Assisted Binary Search GAL Green Abstraction Layer GBNB Green Backbone Networks with Bundled links GEPON Gigabit Ethernet PON GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access...