
Before Harlem
Description
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Before Harlem reveals how black migrants and immigrants to New York entered a world far less welcoming than the one they had expected to find. White police officers, urban reformers, and neighbors faced off in a hostile environment that threatened black families in multiple ways. Unlike European immigrants, who typically struggled with low-paying jobs but who often saw their children move up the economic ladder, black people had limited employment opportunities that left them with almost no prospects of upward mobility. Their poverty and the vagaries of a restrictive job market forced unprecedented numbers of black women into the labor force, fundamentally affecting child-rearing practices and marital relationships.
Despite hostile conditions, black people nevertheless claimed New York City as their own. Within their neighborhoods and their churches, their night clubs and their fraternal organizations, they forged discrete ethnic, regional, and religious communities. Diverse in their backgrounds, languages, and customs, black New Yorkers cultivated connections to others similar to themselves, forming organizations, support networks, and bonds of friendship with former strangers. In doing so, Marcy S. Sacks argues, they established a dynamic world that eventually sparked the Harlem Renaissance. By the 1920s, Harlem had become both a tragedy and a triumph-undeniably a ghetto replete with problems of poverty, overcrowding, and crime, but also a refuge and a haven, a physical place whose very name became legendary.
Reviews / Votes
"Sachs systematically analyzes the extent of racial prejudice in New York, describing in detail its impact on African Americans. She examines the breakdown of the city's commitment to democracy and equality, . . . focusing on residential and job discrimination, the segregation of schools, and systematic police brutality. The results were devastating." (Choice) "An important contribution to a new approach to African American history." (Journal of American History)More details
Other editions
Additional editions

Person
Content
1. The Most Fatally Fascinating Thing in America
2. Purged of the Vicious Classes
3. To Check the Menacing Black Hordes
4. Jobs Are Just Chances
5. The Anxiety of Keeping the Home Together
6. Negro Metropolis
Notes
Index
Acknowledgments
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