Polymer Rheology

1. Introduction to Rheology 1.1 The Field of Rheology 1.2 Viscous Liquids or the Newtonian Fluid 1.3 Linear Elasticity or the Hookean Spring 1.4 Viscoelasticity and the Maxwell Model 1.5 Time Scale and the Deborah Number 1.6 Deformation, Rate of Deformation and Deviatoric Stress Tensors 1.7 Book Guide 2. Structure and Properties of Deforming Polymers 2.1 Molecular Structure of Polymers 2.2 Stress Relaxation Behavior 2.3 Shear Thinning Behavior 2.4 Normal Stresses in Shear Flow 2.5 Stress Overshoot during Start-up Flow 2.6 Melt Strength or Melt Fracture 2.7 Dynamic Response 3. Generalized Newtonian Fluid Models (GNF) 3.1 Viscosity Temperature Dependence 3.2 Viscous Flow Models 3.2.1 The Power Law Model 3.2.2 The Bird-Carreau-Yasuda Model 3.2.3 The Cross-WLF Model 3.2.4 The Bingham Model 3.2.5 The Herschel Bulkley Model 3.2.6 Accounting for Pressure Dependence in Viscous Flow Models 3.3 Elongational Viscosity 3.4 Suspension Rheology 3.5 Chemo-Rheology 4. Transport Phenomena 4.1 Dimensionless Groups 4.2 Balance Equations 4.2.1 The Mass Balance or Continuity Equation 4.2.2 The Material or Substantial Derivative 4.2.3 The Momentum Balance or Equation of Motion 4.2.4 The Energy Balance or Equation of Energy 4.3 Model Simplification 4.3.1 Reduction in Dimensionality 4.3.2 Lubrication Approximation 4.4 Viscometric Flows 4.4.1 Pressure Driven Flow of a Newtonian Fluid through a Slit 4.4.2 Flow of a Power Law Fluid in a Straight Circular Tube (Hagen-Poiseuille Equation) 4.4.3 Volumetric Flow Rate of a Power Law Fluid in Axial Annular Flow 4.4.4 Circular Annular Couette Flow of a Power-Law Fluid 4.4.5 Squeezing flow of a Newtownian Fluid between Two Parallel Circular Discs 4.4.6 Flow of a Power-Law Fluid Between Two Parallel Circular Discs 5. Viscoelasticity 5.1 Linear Viscoelasticity 5.1.1 Relaxation Modulus 5.1.2 The Boltzmann Superposition Principle 5.1.3 The Maxwell Model - Relaxation 5.1.4 Kelvin Model 5.1.5 Jeffreys Model 5.1.6 Standard Linear Solid Model 5.1.7 The Generalized Maxwell Model 5.1.8 Dynamic Tests 5.2 Non-Linear Viscoelasticity 5.2.1 Objectivity 5.2.2 Differential Viscoelastic Models 5.2.3 Integral Viscoelastic Models 6. Rheometry 6.1 The Sliding Plate Rheometer 6.2 The Cone-Plate-Rheometer 6.3 The Parallel-Plate Rheometer 6.4 The Capillary Rheometer 6.4.1 Computing Viscisty 6.4.2 Viscosity Approximation 6.5 The Melt Flow INdexer 6.6 Extensional Rheometry 6.7 High Pressure Rheometers 6.8 Integrated Mold Sensors1 Introduction