
Innovations in Computational Intelligence and Computer Vision
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This book presents high-quality, peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on "Innovations in Computational Intelligence and Computer Vision (ICICV 2021)," hosted by Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 5-6, 2021. Offering a collection of innovative ideas from researchers, scientists, academics, industry professionals and students, the book covers a variety of topics, such as artificial intelligence and computer vision, image processing and video analysis, applications and services of artificial intelligence and computer vision, interdisciplinary areas combining artificial intelligence and computer vision, and other innovative practices.
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Dr. Satyabrata Roy is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Computing & Information Technology at Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. He received his Ph.D and M. Tech (with honors) degrees in Computer Science and Engineering in 2020 and 2014 respectively; and B. Tech in Information Technology in 2009. His research interests include Cryptography, Internet of Things, Cellular Automata, Computer Networks, Computational Intelligence, Machine Learning and Formal Languages. He is an enthusiastic and motivating technocrat with more than 10 years of research and academic experience. He has served as resource person of many FDPs and seminars. He is a member of ACM and senior member of IEEE.
Dr. Deepak Sinwar is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, School of Computing & Information Technology at Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. He received his Ph.D and M.Tech degrees in Computer Science and Engineering in 2016 and 2010 respectively; and B.Tech (with honors) in Information Technology in 2008. His research interests include Computational Intelligence, Data Mining, Machine Learning, Reliability Theory, Computer Networks and Pattern Recognition. He is an enthusiastic and motivating technocrat with more than 11 years of research and academic experience. He is a life member of Indian Society for Technical Education (India), and member of ACM and IEEE.
Thinagaran Perumal is currently a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is also currently appointed as Head of Cyber-Physical Systems in the university and been elected as Chair of IEEE Consumer Electronics Society Malaysia Chapter. He is the recipient of 2014 Early Career Award from IEEE Consumer Electronics Society for his pioneering contribution in the field of consumer electronics. He completed his PhD at Universiti Putra Malaysia, in smart technology and robotics. His research interests are towards interoperability aspects of smart homes and Internet of Things (IoT), wearable computing, and cyber-physical systems. He is also heading the National Committee on Standardization for IoT (IEC/ISO TC / G/16) as Chairman since 2018. Some of the eminent works include proactive architecture for IoT systems; development of the cognitive IoT frameworks for smart homes and wearable devices for rehabilitation purposes. He is an active member of IEEE Consumer Electronics Society and its Future Directions Committee on Internet of Things. He has been invited to give several keynote lectures and plenary talk on Internet of Things in various institutions and organizations internationally. He has published several papers in IEEE Conferences and Journals and is serving as TPC member for several reputed IEEE conferences. He is an active reviewer for IEEE Internet of Things Journal, IEEE Communication Magazine, IEEE Sensors Journal, and IEEE Transaction for Automation Science and Engineering, to name a few.
Adam Slowik (IEEE Member 2007; IEEE Senior Member 2012) received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in computer engineering and electronics in 2001 and the Ph.D. degree with distinction in 2007 from the Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland. He received the Dr. habil. degree in computer science (Intelligent Systems) in 2013 from the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland. Since October 2013, he has been an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Koszalin University of Technology. His research interests include Soft Computing, Computational Intelligence, and, particularly, Bio-inspired Optimization algorithms and their engineering applications. He is a reviewer for many international scientific journals. He is an author or co-author of over 100 refereed articles in international journals, two books, and conference proceedings, including one invited talk. He is an editor of two books "Swarm Intelligence Algorithms" published in 2020 by Taylor and Francis Group (CRC Press). He was a Program Chair during International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics (2020). Many times, he was a Guest Editor in Special Issues which were organized in such journals as IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. Dr. Slowik is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. He is a member of the program committees of several important international conferences in the area of Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Computation. He was a recipient of one Best Paper Award (IEEE Conference on Human System Interaction - HSI 2008). Dr. Slowik is a Head of the Department of Computer Engineering at Koszalin University of Technology.
Content
- Intro
- ICICV 2021 Committees
- Preface
- Contents
- About the Editors
- An Efficient Self-embedding Fragile Watermarking Scheme Based on Neighborhood Relationship
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review
- 3 Proposed Scheme
- 4 Experimental Result and Analysis
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- GeoCloud4EduNet: Geospatial Cloud Computing Model for Visualization and Analysis of Educational Information Network
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 2.1 Cloud Computing
- 2.2 Geospatial Big Data
- 2.3 Educational Information Network
- 3 Proposed Work
- 4 Result and Discussion
- 4.1 Dataset Preparation
- 4.2 Data Visualization
- 4.3 Analysis of Test Case
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Political Polarity Classification Using NLP
- 1 Introduction and Problem Understanding
- 2 Previous Works
- 3 Proposed Algorithm
- 4 Experimental Setup
- 5 Results and Discussion
- 5.1 Bag-Of-Words
- 5.2 Bigrams
- 5.3 Word2Vec
- 5.4 Word2Vec + BOW
- 5.5 Word2Vec + Bigrams
- 5.6 BOW + Bigrams
- 5.7 Mixed Features (BOW + W2V + BIG)
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Robust Segmentation of Nodules in Ultrasound-B Thyroid Images Through Deep Model-Based Features
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 3 Data
- 3.1 Dataset Description
- 3.2 Ground Truth Mask Generation
- 4 Proposed Methodology
- 4.1 Model Architecture
- 4.2 Experimental Setup
- 5 Training and Results
- 5.1 Verification
- 5.2 Additional Features
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Image Compression Using Histogram Equalization
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Research Work
- 3 Proposed Model
- 3.1 Histogram Equalization (HE)
- 3.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
- 3.3 Quantization
- 3.4 Huffman Encoding (HC)
- 3.5 Models Description
- 4 Experimental Result Analysis
- 4.1 Performance Parameters
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Violence Detection in Video Footages Using I3D ConvNet
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Architecture
- 4 Implementation
- 4.1 Data Pre-processing
- 4.2 Training the I3D Model
- 4.3 Testing the I3D Model
- 5 Results and Discussion
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Performance Analysis of Gradient Descent and Backpropagation Algorithms in Classifying Areas under Community Quarantine in the Philippines
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Literature and Studies
- 3 Methods and Procedure
- 3.1 Multilayer Perceptron
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Least Mean Square Algorithm for Identifying High-risk Areas Vulnerable to Man-Made Disasters: A Philippine Perspective
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Literature and Studies
- 3 Experiment and Methodologies
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Finding Numbers of Occurrences and Duration of a Particular Face in Video Stream
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Survey
- 3 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
- 4 Proposed System
- 4.1 Training Phase
- 4.2 Testing Phase
- 4.3 Count and Duration Phase
- 5 Results and Discussion
- 5.1 Testing
- 5.2 Confusion Matrix (CM)
- 5.3 Report Metric Analysis
- 6 Conclusion and Future Enhancement
- References
- Dynamic Tuning of Fuzzy Membership Function for an Application of Soil Nutrient Recommendation
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 3 Proposed Method
- 3.1 Fuzzy System for Soil Nutrient Recommendation System
- 3.2 Fuzzy PSO Technique and Model Formation
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Representative-Based Cluster Undersampling Technique for Imbalanced Credit Scoring Datasets
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review
- 3 Proposed Model
- 3.1 K-means Clustering
- 3.2 Compute the Representativeness of Majority Class Instances
- 3.3 Selecting the Expected Number of Representative Majority Class Instances
- 4 Experimental Setup
- 4.1 Credit Scoring Dataset
- 4.2 Performance Metrics
- 4.3 Parameter Settings
- 5 Results Analysis
- 6 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Automatic Road Network Extraction from High-Resolution Images using Fast Fuzzy C-Means
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methodology
- 2.1 Image Preprocessing using the Median Filter
- 2.2 Road Network Segmentation using FFCM
- 2.3 Shape Feature Analysis
- 3 Experimental Results and Analysis
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Analysis of Approaches for Irony Detection in Tweets for Online Products
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 3 Proposed Methodology
- 3.1 Data Sanitization
- 3.2 Lexicon-Based Feature Selection
- 3.3 Deep Learning Classification Model Construction
- 3.4 Classification and Prediction
- 3.5 Performance Analysis
- 3.6 Comparison of Results with Basic Models
- 4 Experimental Analysis
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- An Efficient Gabor Scale Average (GSA) based PCA to LDA Feature Extraction of Face and Gait Cues for Multimodal Classifier
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Method
- 2.1 Gabor Wavelets
- 2.2 Gabor Scale Average (GSA) Feature Vectors
- 2.3 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
- 2.4 Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
- 2.5 GSA Based PCA to LDA Feature Extraction of Face and Gait Cues for Multimodal Classifier
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Stroke-Based Handwritten Gujarati Font Synthesis in Personal Handwriting Style via Shape Simulation Approach
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Proposed Work
- 3.1 Learning Phase
- 3.2 Generation Phase
- 4 Font Generation
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Kids View-A Parents Companion
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Dataset
- 4 Methodology
- 4.1 Activity Recognition
- 4.2 Emotion Recognition
- 4.3 Child Abuse Detection
- 5 Result and Analysis
- 5.1 Activity Recognition
- 5.2 Child Abuse Detection
- 5.3 Emotion Recognition
- 6 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Computational Operations and Hardware Resource Estimation in a Convolutional Neural Network Architecture
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background and Related Work
- 3 Experimental Studies
- 3.1 Design an Optimized CNN Model with a Good Accuracy
- 3.2 Computation of Number of Operations in CNN Layers
- 3.3 Suitable Hardware Implementation Process
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Load Balancing in Multiprocessor Systems Using Modified Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Proposed Algorithm for Load Balancing and Minimizing Makespan
- 3 Implementation of the Proposed Algorithm
- 4 Analysis of the Results
- 5 Conclusions and Future Scope
- References
- Robust Image Tampering Detection Technique Using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Classifier
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Existing Image Tampering Detection Schemes
- 3 Proposed Image Tampering Detection Scheme
- 3.1 Preprocessing
- 3.2 Block Tiling
- 3.3 Feature Acquisition and Dimensionality Reduction
- 3.4 Formation of Feature Descriptor Matrix
- 3.5 Image Tampering Prediction Using KNN Classifier
- 4 Experimental Setup and Result Analysis
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- LIARx: A Partial Fact Fake News Data Set with Label Distribution Approach for Fake News Detection
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 LIARx Data Set
- 3.1 Extending LIAR Data Set
- 3.2 Preprocessing
- 3.3 Creating Partial Fact Data Set
- 3.4 Label Distribution
- 4 Implementation
- 4.1 Label Distribution Learning
- 4.2 Pre-trained Embeddings
- 4.3 Architecture
- 5 Evaluation
- 6 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- A Block-Based Data Hiding Technique Using Convolutional Neural Network
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Proposed Method
- 3 Experimental Results
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- Energy-Efficient Adaptive Sensing Technique for Smart Healthcare in Connected Healthcare Systems
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Literature
- 3 Proposed Work
- 3.1 Early Warning Score
- 3.2 Emergency Detection of the Patient
- 3.3 Adapting Sensing Frequency
- 4 Results and Discussions
- 4.1 Adaptation of Sensing Rate Versus Data Reduction
- 4.2 Energy Consumption
- 4.3 Data Integrity
- 5 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Transfer Learning Approach for Analyzing Attentiveness of Students in an Online Classroom Environment with Emotion Detection
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review
- 3 Dataset
- 4 Method and Implementation
- 5 Result and Discussion
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Prediction of COVID-19 Cases and Attribution to Various Factors Across Different Geographical Regions
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 SHIRD Model
- 2.2 Factor Attribution
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Emotion Enhanced Domain Adaptation for Propaganda Detection in Indian Social Media
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Survey
- 2.1 Content-Based Propaganda Detection
- 2.2 Emotion in Propaganda
- 2.3 Domain Adaptation
- 3 Data Set
- 3.1 Background
- 3.2 Source Data Set
- 3.3 Target Data Set
- 4 Methodology
- 4.1 Data Preparation
- 4.2 Model
- 5 Results
- 6 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Target Identification and Detection on SAR Imagery Using Deep Convolution Network
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Survey
- 3 Real-Time Target Detection for SAR Imagery
- 3.1 Dataset
- 3.2 Dataset Annotation
- 3.3 Anchors Selection
- 3.4 One-Stage Detector
- 4 Experimental Results
- 4.1 Performance Analysis of the Deep Convolution Model
- 4.2 Faster Training of the Model on GPU Architecture
- 4.3 Testing of the Model with Validation Images
- 5 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Lung Cancer Detection by Classifying CT Scan Images Using Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and K-Nearest Neighbours
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Survey
- 3 Proposed Methodology
- 3.1 Problem Definition
- 3.2 Proposed System
- 4 Experimental Results and Analysis
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Real-Time Translation of Indian Sign Language to Assist the Hearing and Speech Impaired
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background
- 3 Main Focus of the Article
- 3.1 Issues, Controversies, Problems
- 3.2 Methodology
- 4 Results
- 4.1 Performance Analysis on the CNN Model Comparing the 2 Modes
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- EYE4U-Multifold Protection Monitor
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Drawbacks in the Existing System
- 3 Proposed System
- 4 System Description
- 4.1 System Architecture
- 4.2 System Explanation
- 5 Implementation
- 5.1 Room Temperature Sensor
- 5.2 Face Mask Detection
- 5.3 Temperature Detection of People
- 5.4 Sanitization Process
- 5.5 Motor Rotation
- 6 Result
- 7 Conclusion
- 8 Future Work
- References
- A Comprehensive Source Code Plagiarism Detection Software
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Approach
- 2.1 Four-Phased Approach
- 2.2 Preprocessing
- 2.3 Tokenization
- 2.4 Similarity Detection and Measurement
- 2.5 Final Similarity Detection
- 3 Weight Calculation
- 4 Results
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Path Planning of Mobile Robot Using Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Problem Formulation
- 3 Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO)
- 4 Proposed Methodology for Robot Path Planning Using APSO
- 4.1 Minimizing the Distance Between the Robot Initial and the Goal Position
- 4.2 Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance
- 5 Simulation Results
- 5.1 Implementation on Different Environmental Conditions
- 5.2 Representation on Webots Platform
- 5.3 Comparative Study
- 6 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Impact on Mental Health of Youth in Punjab State of India Amid COVID-19-A Survey-Based Analysis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Survey
- 3 Materials and Method
- 4 Results
- 4.1 Demographic Characteristics
- 4.2 Psychological Impact of COVID-19
- 5 Statistical Analysis
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- SmartACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Detection by Analyzing MRI Scans
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Overview
- 2.1 Related Works
- 3 Proposed System
- 4 Design
- 4.1 Dataset
- 4.2 System Overview
- 5 Implementation
- 5.1 CNN Model for Axial, Coronal, and Sagittal Plane
- 5.2 Softmax Regression Model
- 5.3 Results
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- Building a Neural Network for Identification and Localization of Diseases from Images of Eye Sonography
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review
- 3 Implementation Details
- 3.1 Methodology
- 3.2 Algorithm
- 4 System Architecture
- 5 Disease Analysis
- 6 Result Analysis
- 7 Conclusion
- References
- A Quick Dynamic Attribute Subset Method for High Dimensional Data Using Correlation-Guided Cluster Analysis and Genetic Algorithm
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 2.1 Issues with Feature Selection
- 2.2 Genetic Algorithm
- 2.3 Approaches of Feature Selection that Are Still in Use
- 3 Proposed Algorithm
- 3.1 Framework in General and Key Definitions
- 3.2 Key Definitions
- 4 Experimental Analysis
- 4.1 Datasets
- 4.2 Performance of Classifiers for Calculating the Correlation
- 4.3 Performance of Classifiers with Grouping of Clusters
- 4.4 Calculating the Accuracy of Individual Dataset Using Genetic Algorithm with All Features
- 4.5 Calculating the Accuracy of All Features of 3 Datasets Using Genetic Algorithm
- 4.6 Algorithms and Parameter Settings for Comparison
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using BEBLID Features and DCT
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 3 Proposed Methodology
- 4 Result
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Engineering Design Optimization Using Memorized Differential Evolution
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Speed Reducer Design (SRD) Problem
- 3 Proposed Methodology
- 3.1 DE Outline
- 3.2 Suggested Technology mbDE
- 4 Computational Results
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Image Forgery Detection Using CNN and Local Binary Pattern-Based Patch Descriptor
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 3 Materials and Methods
- 3.1 Local Binary Pattern (LBP)
- 3.2 Dataset
- 3.3 Feature Extraction
- 3.4 Designing Custom CNN Architecture (LBPNet)
- 3.5 Training Environment
- 3.6 Model Training
- 4 Experimental Results
- 5 Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Extracting and Developing Spectral Indices for Soil Using Sentinel-2A to Investigate the Association of Soil NPK
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Study Area Description
- 2.2 Field Soil Sampling and Laboratory Analysis
- 2.3 Remote Sensing Data
- 2.4 Statistical Interpretation
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 3.1 In Situ Laboratory Soil Spectra Curve
- 3.2 Sentinel-2A Soil Spectra Curve
- 3.3 R2 Value
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Flood Mapping Using Sentinel-1 GRD SAR Images and Google Earth Engine: Case Study of Odisha State, India
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Study Area
- 3 Methodology
- 4 Results
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Remote Sensing Image Captioning via Multilevel Attention-Based Visual Question Answering
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review
- 3 Proposed Image Captioning Model
- 3.1 System Overview
- 3.2 Feature Extraction
- 3.3 Visual Question Answering
- 3.4 Caption Generation
- 4 Results
- 4.1 Data Set
- 4.2 Experimental Results
- 4.3 Discussion
- 4.4 Evaluation Metrics
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Auto Target Moving Object with Spy BOT
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Block Diagram
- 3 Implementation of BOT
- 3.1 Design and Requirements
- 3.2 MIT App Inventor
- 3.3 Construction of BOT
- 4 Image Processing
- 4.1 Face Detection
- 4.2 Face Recognition
- 4.3 Motion Detection
- 5 Installation of Dummy Weapon
- 5.1 Reciprocating Motion
- 5.2 Gun Triggering
- 6 Comparison with Existing Systems
- 7 Results
- 8 Conclusion and Future Scope
- References
- Power System Restoration at Short Period of Time During Blackout by Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicle Station Using Artificial Intelligence
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Accumulation
- 3 Materials and Methods
- 4 Problem Formulation
- 4.1 Objective Function 1: Pick up the Critical Load
- 4.2 Objective Function 2: Improvement of Generation Capability During Restoration Period
- 4.3 System Constraints
- 5 Fuzzy Logic Controller Development System
- 6 Parallel Power System Restoration (PPSR)-Conventional Method
- 7 Results and Discussion
- 8 Conclusion
- References
- Robust Adversarial Training for Detection of Adversarial Samples
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background
- 2.1 Adversarial Examples
- 2.2 Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) Attack
- 2.3 Basic Iterative Method (BIM) Attack
- 3 Literature Review
- 4 Proposed Method
- 5 Experiment and Results
- 6 Conclusion and Future Scope
- References
- Performance Evaluation of Shallow and Deep Neural Networks for Dementia Detection
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Material and Method
- 2.1 Dataset
- 2.2 Data Preprocessing
- 2.3 Classification Framework
- 3 Experimental Results
- 3.1 Performance of the First Framework
- 3.2 Performance of the Second Framework
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Computer Vision Based Roadside Traffic Convex Mirror Validation for Driver Assistance System
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Survey
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Algorithms for Validity Check
- 4 Experimental Setup
- 5 Results Analysis and Discussion
- 6 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Feature Extraction Using Autoencoders: A Case Study with Parkinson's Disease
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Materials and Method
- 3.1 Dataset
- 3.2 Preprocessing
- 3.3 Methodology
- 4 Experimental Setup and Results
- 4.1 Comparison of Performance of Sparse and Convolutional Autoencoders
- 4.2 Variation in Accuracy for Convolutional Autoencoder
- 4.3 Comparative Study of Parkinson's Disease Using MRI Images
- 4.4 Comparison Concerning the Accuracy Obtained
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Combination of Expression Data and Predictive Modelling for Polycystic Ovary Disease and Assessing Risk of Infertility Using Machine Learning Techniques
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Data Collection
- 3.2 Data Normalization
- 3.3 Differential Gene Expression (DGE) Analysis
- 3.4 Gene Ontology (GO)
- 3.5 Machine Learning Techniques
- 3.6 Model Performance Evaluation
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Dematerializing Vehicle Documents with IoT-Effective Solution Using Existing Infrastructure
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Proposed Method
- 2.1 DVD Infrastructure (Module 1)-Check Post Prototype
- 2.2 DVD Infrastructure (Module 2)-Vehicle Post Prototype
- 2.3 DVD Infrastructure (Module 3)-Website
- 3 Results
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Building NTH: Network Threat Hunter with Deep Learning
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Organization of the Paper
- 3 Overview of Proposed Protocol
- 4 Literature Review
- 5 Data Set
- 6 Environment Setup
- 6.1 Using Cloud Computing Services
- 7 Proposed Implementation
- 7.1 Training and Testing Phase
- 8 Results
- 9 Conclusion
- References
- Future Cases Prediction of COVID-19 Using Deep Learning Models
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Survey
- 3 Methodology
- 4 Model
- 4.1 Long Short-term Memory (LSTM)
- 4.2 Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs)
- 4.3 CONV1D (One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks)
- 5 Implementation
- 5.1 Data and Data Preprocessing
- 5.2 Model Designing
- 5.3 Optimizer (NADAM)
- 5.4 Model Evaluation Metrics
- 6 Comparison of Models
- 7 Results
- 8 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- An Intelligent Species Level Deep Learning-Based Framework in Automatic Classification of Microscopic Bacteria Images
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Material and Methods
- 3.1 Dataset Creation and Preprocessing
- 3.2 Classification Method
- 4 Experiment Results
- 5 Conclusion and Future Scope
- References
- Modeling Daily Pan Evaporation Using Tree-Based Regression Methods
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Data Description
- 3.2 Modeling Strategies
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Optimized Pose-Based Gait Analysis for Surveillance
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Shape Configuration Using Fourier Descriptors
- 3.2 Heel Strike
- 3.3 Moving Joint Derivation
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Author Index
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