Research Methods in the Study of L2 Writing Processes
1st Edition
Published on 15. October 2023
394 pages
978-90-272-4948-7 (ISBN)
Description
This volume brings together the perspectives of new and established scholars who have connected with the broad fields of first language (L1) and second language (L2) writing to discuss critically key methodological developments and challenges in the study of L2 writing processes. The focus is on studies of composing and of engagement with feedback on written drafts, with particular attention to methods of process-tracing through data such as concurrent or stimulated verbal reports, interviews, diaries, digital recording, visual screen capture, eye tracking, keystroke logging, questionnaires, and/or ethnographic observation. The chapters in the book illustrate how progress has been made in developing research methods and empirical understandings of writing processes, in introducing methodological innovations, and in pointing to future methodological directions. It will be an essential methodological guide for novice and experienced researchers, senior students, and educators investigating the processes of writing in additional languages.
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Rosa M. Manchon | Julio Roca de Larios
Research Methods in the Study of L2 Writing Processes
Book
10/2023
John Benjamins Publishing Co
€130.73
Shipment within 10-15 days
Content
- Intro
- Research Methods in the Study of L2 Writing Processes
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Foreword
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 The study of L2 writing processes
- Introduction
- Writing processes in L2 writing research
- Theoretical approaches and main research directions in the study of L2 writing processes
- Writing processes
- Cognitively-oriented studies of writing processes
- Socio-cultural, ethnographically-oriented studies of writing processes and text production processes
- Feedback processing
- Methodological considerations in the study of L2 writing processes and feedback processing
- Writing and text production processes
- Feedback processing
- The present book
- Aims and scope
- Structure and contents
- Final comments
- Funding
- References
- Part I Investigating writing processes
- Chapter 2 Writing process studies. Struggling with complexities
- Introduction
- Research in L2 writing processes
- L2 writing processes
- Basic parameter 1. Structure
- Basic parameter 2. Goal
- Conclusion
- Writing processes
- Unit of observation
- Direction and domain
- Understanding and being understood
- L2 writing studies
- Observation 1
- Observation 2
- The ideal study
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Appendix A. Issues with regard to internal and statistical validity in a sample of eight frequently cited studies (see Table 1)
- Chapter 3 Overview of methodological procedures in research on written corrective feedback processing
- Introduction
- Overview and assessment of methodological procedures
- Methodological approaches in WCF processing research
- Research designs
- Research designs in interventionist studies
- Research designs in naturalistic studies
- Populations studied
- Data collection procedures
- Concurrent data collection procedures
- Think-aloud
- Oral languaging
- Note-taking
- Eye tracking, digital screen capture, and keystroke logging
- Nonconcurrent data collection procedures
- Stimulated recall
- Written languaging
- Questionnaires and interview data
- Data analysis procedures
- Operationalization and coding of WCF processing
- Conclusions and future directions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Part II Critical reflections on the affordances of data collection instruments and procedures
- Chapter 4 Survey data
- Characteristics of survey data elicitation procedures
- Writing processes through the lens of questionnaires
- Writing processes through the lens of interviews
- Writing processes through the lens of process logs
- Research questions addressed with questionnaires, interviews, and process logs
- Methodological considerations when using self-report instruments
- Avenues for further research
- References
- Chapter 5 Verbally mediated data
- Introduction
- Research questions addressed with verbal reports
- Validity issues with verbal reports
- Validity issues with verbal reports in ISLA
- Validity issues with verbal reports in writing research
- Reactivity in writing tasks
- Reactivity in writing tasks
- Validity issues with stimulated recalls in writing research
- Summary of reactivity in writing research
- Robustness of writing studies employing verbal reports
- Future directions
- References
- Chapter 6 Verbally mediated data
- Introduction
- Methodological procedures of written verbalizations
- General description
- Written verbalization prompts
- Language of reporting
- Research questions that can be answered using written verbalizations
- Methodological challenges
- Best practices in using written verbalizations
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 7 Direct observation of writing activity
- Introducing screen capture technologies
- Research questions SCT has helped investigate
- Exploring pedagogic applications of SCT
- Exploring writing in action
- Examining the visuospatial dimensions of writing
- Exploring online resources
- Methodological challenges and potential solutions in using SCT for writing process research
- Research design
- Research design
- Data collection
- Developing a framework for data analysis
- Choosing a unit of analysis and criteria for data segmentation
- Using software for the transcription and analysis of SCT data
- Triangulating and integrating data
- Data reporting and presentation
- Ethical issues
- Avenues for future writing process research
- References
- Chapter 8 Using keystroke logging for studying L2 writing processes
- Introduction
- Introducing keystroke logging
- How does keystroke logging work?
- Research questions addressed in keystroke logging L2 writing studies
- Research questions focusing on factors moderating pausing behavior
- Research questions focusing on revision
- Research questions focusing on writing fluency
- Research questions with an educational focus
- Methodological challenges
- Challenge 1
- Challenge 2
- Challenge 3
- Challenge 4
- Challenge 5
- Best practices
- Explore writing processes
- Choose a program that suits your needs
- Consider orthography
- Keep variables constant and include baseline tasks
- Future avenues
- References
- Chapter 9 Using eye tracking to study digital writing processes
- Introduction
- Introducing eye tracking technology
- How does eye tracking work?
- Eye tracking and writing research
- Research questions addressed in eye tracking writing studies
- Theoretical frameworks as a source for research questions
- Research questions addressing reading during writing
- Methodological challenges
- Challenge 1
- Challenge 2
- Challenge 3
- Challenge 4
- Best practices in using eye tracking in writing studies
- Future avenues
- References
- Part III Critical reflections on the implementation of data collection instruments and procedures and on data analysis procedures
- Chapter 10 Exploring the generation, development, and integration of argumentative goals in L1 and L2 composition processes
- Introduction
- Overview of the research programme
- Methodological decisions, challenges, and solutions
- A taxonomy of argumentative moves
- Coding the initial representation of the task
- Identification of goal networks throughout the composition
- Integration of conflicting goals
- Methodological conclusions and implications for future studies
- Funding
- References
- Chapter 11 Affordances and limitations when using Inputlog to study young learners' pausing behavior in L2 writing
- Overview of the study
- Rationale
- Aims and design overview
- Operationalization of pausing behavior
- Challenges when analyzing Inputlog data
- Analyzing pause location
- Analyzing pause frequency
- Analyzing pause duration
- Conclusion
- Funding
- References
- Chapter 12 Investigating cognitive processes during writing tests
- Introduction
- Rationales and aims of process-tracing methods in language testing research
- Overview of research programme
- Methodological decisions taken, challenges experienced, and solutions adopted
- Systematising elicitation procedures for stimulated recalls
- Defining pause length thresholds
- Interpreting keystroke-logging data
- Interpreting stimulated recall data
- Comparing writing processes across languages
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13 Methodology and multimodality
- Introduction
- The research landscape
- Multimodal codemeshing and the "My Hero Multimodal Project"
- Challenges in capturing composing processes
- Challenges in understanding relationships between products and perspectives in retrospective design interviews
- Challenges in representing composing processes with multimodal timescapes
- Conclusions and implications
- References
- Chapter 14 Setting up a coding scheme for the analysis of the dynamics of children's engagement with written corrective feedback
- Introduction
- Overview of the research programme
- Coding scheme of children's writing and WCF trajectories
- Uncovering children's strategic problem-solving while writing
- Coding the written texts of very low proficiency learners
- Accounting for children's noticing from model texts
- Tracing children's problem-solving trajectories across the multi-stage task
- Determining the language learning potential of the trajectories
- Verifying the connection between the trajectories and L2 writing development
- Conclusion
- Funding
- References
- Chapter 15 Methodological considerations in the analysis of synchronous and asynchronous written corrective feedback
- Introduction
- Overview of the research in focus
- Methodological decisions, challenges, and solutions
- Operationalization of SCF and ACF
- Eliciting the target grammatical feature
- Designing the treatment procedures
- Random assignment
- Dealing with on-site problems during data collection
- Assessing learners' grammatical knowledge
- Analyzing writing outcomes
- Analyzing writing processes
- Methodological conclusions and implications for future studies
- References
- Appendix. Instruction in text reconstruction test
- Chapter 16 Analysing L2 writers' processing of written corrective feedback via written languaging and think-aloud protocols
- Introduction
- Overview of the global research program and of the study
- Rationale
- Research questions
- Methods
- Participants and context
- Tasks and procedures
- The writing task
- Data coding considerations
- Operationalizing DoP
- Setting up a coding scheme of DoP
- Data and unit of analysis
- Analysis of the think-aloud protocols
- Analysis of the written languaging tables
- Setting up a coding scheme for the global data
- Nature of the data provided in different processing conditions and affordances for inspecting DoP
- Relevant methodological conclusions and implications for future studies
- Funding
- References
- Appendix 1
- Appendix 2
- Afterword
- Introduction
- Factors affecting choice of method (and vice versa)
- Writing conditions and prompts
- Participant characteristics
- Focus of the research
- One-shot or longitudinal research
- Summary of major themes addressed in the book
- Ecological validity, external validity, and authenticity
- Reductionism, triangulation, and the relationship between the parts and the whole
- Population variability and expansion to non-WEIRD populations
- Data reduction/presentation/coding
- Themes needing more attention
- Theoretical bases for studying the writing process
- The learning potential of research methods
- How understanding the writing process has or has not improved teaching
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
