
Bioengineering and Biomedical Signal and Image Processing
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The 41 full and 5 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 121 submissions. The papers are grouped in topical issues on biomedical applications in molecular, structural, and functional imaging; biomedical computing; biomedical signal measurement, acquisition and processing; computerized medical imaging and graphics; disease control and diagnosis; neuroimaging; pattern recognition and machine learning for biosignal data; personalized medicine; and COVID-19.
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Content
- Intro
- Preface
- Organization
- Contents
- Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging
- Image Motion Correction of GATE Simulation in Dedicated PET Scanner with Open Geometry
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 PET System and GATE Simulation
- 2.2 XCAT Phantom
- 2.3 EMAF Algorithm
- 2.4 Parameter Settings
- 2.5 Performance Metrics
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 4 Conclusions
- 5 Acronyms
- References
- Optimizing Photoacoustic Tomography: Lymphatic Drainage from the Brain in Pigmented Mice
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Animal Model
- 2.2 Contrast Agent
- 2.3 Photoacoustic Imaging System
- 2.4 Multispectral Unmixing of Chromophore Distributions
- 3 Results
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Biomedical Computing
- Relationships Between Vertical Jump and Composite Indices of Femoral Neck Strength in a Group of Young Women
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Material and Methods
- 2.1 Subjects and Study Design
- 2.2 Anthropometrics
- 2.3 Bone Variables
- 2.4 Vertical Jump
- 2.5 Statistical Analysis
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Clinical Characteristics and Bone Data of the Study Population
- 3.2 Correlations Between Clinical Characteristics and Bone Variables
- 3.3 Multiple Linear Regressions
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Automatic Classification of Valve Diseases Through Natural Language Processing in Spanish and Active Learning
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Corpus
- 2.2 Development of the Natural Language Processing System
- 2.3 Evaluation Metrics
- 2.4 Software and Open Source.
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Frequency of Valvulopathies in Echocardiographic Reports
- 3.2 Model Adjustment
- 3.3 Model Performance (External Validation)
- 3.4 Deployment of the System in a Free Demo and Active Learning
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Biomedical Signal Measurement, Acquisition and Processing
- Automated Annotation of Valence and Arousal During Cognitive Activity
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Method
- 2.1 Overall Concept
- 2.2 Resources Required
- 2.3 Implementation
- 3 Experimental Setup
- 3.1 Feature Set
- 3.2 Detection
- 3.3 Performance Metrics
- 4 Results
- 4.1 Detection Performance Evaluation
- 4.2 Automatically Generated Tags
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Focal and Generalized Seizures Distinction by Rebalancing Class Data and Random Forest Classification
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Database
- 2.2 The Proposed Method
- 3 Experimental Results
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Event Related Potential Analysis Using Machine Learning to Predict Diagnostic Outcome of Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods and Materials
- 2.1 Participants
- 2.2 ERP Procedure
- 2.3 ERP Pre-processing
- 2.4 ERP Features Extraction and Selection
- 2.5 Classification Procedure
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion and Limitation
- References
- Natural Cellulosic Fiber Reinforced Bio-Epoxy Based Composites and Their Mechanical Properties
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Materials
- 2.2 Methods
- 3 Results and Discussion
- 3.1 Morphological Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
- 3.2 Mechanical Properties
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- Modelling Brain Connectivity Networks by Graph Embedding for Dyslexia Diagnosis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Database and Stimulus
- 2.2 Signal Prepocessing
- 2.3 Phase-Amplitude Coupling (PAC)
- 2.4 Connectivity Estimation by Phase-Amplitude Coupling
- 2.5 Graph Embedding
- 2.6 Classification
- 3 Results
- 4 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Causal Coupling of Low Frequency Oscillations During Movement Imagination - A Multimodal Study
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Material and Methods
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- References
- Methodological Approaches to the Comparison of Left Ventricular Stroke Volume Values Measured by Ultrasonic Technique or Estimated via Transfer Functions
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 LVSV and Arterial Pressure Data Obtaining
- 2.2 Calculation of TF
- 2.3 Statistical Analysis
- 3 Results
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- Investigation of Gastroparesis Using Multichannel Electro Gastro Gram - A Study
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Histroy
- 3 Procedures for Diagnosis of Gastroparesis
- 3.1 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- 3.2 GI Radiography
- 3.3 Gastric Myo - Electrical Activity
- 4 Methodology
- 5 Study of Electrogastrography
- 5.1 Electrogastrography - Recording
- 5.2 Patient Preparation
- 5.3 Placement of Electrodes
- 5.4 Patient State of Recording Signal
- 5.5 Recording Duration
- 5.6 Gastric Signals
- 5.7 Flaws in EGG Recording
- 5.8 EGG Signal Analysis
- 6 Other Disorders
- 7 Summary
- 8 Conclusion
- References
- Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
- 3D Tomosynthesis Evaluation of Pixel Intensity Values of Breast Masses
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methodology
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion and Recommendations
- 6 Limitations of Study
- References
- Trident U-Net: An Encoder Fusion for Improved Biomedical Image Segmentation
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Motivation
- 1.2 Contribution
- 1.3 Organization
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Background Concepts
- 3.1 ResNet50
- 3.2 MobileNetV2
- 3.3 EffcicientNetB0
- 3.4 Evaluation Matrices
- 4 Proposed Model
- 5 Experiments and Results Analysis
- 5.1 Used Dataset
- 5.2 System
- 5.3 Results Analysis and Discussion
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- COVID-19 Detection Method from Chest CT Scans via the Fusion of Slice Information and Lung Segmentation
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Materials and Methods
- 3.1 Dataset
- 3.2 Pre-processing Step
- 3.3 Classification Slices and Final Patient Prediction
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- DenseNet for Breast Tumor Classification in Mammographic Images
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methodology
- 2.1 Dataset
- 2.2 Segmentation
- 2.3 Feature Extraction and Classification: DenseNet Architecture
- 2.4 Evaluation Metrics
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Breast DenseNet
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Disease Control and Diagnosis
- Analysing Large Repositories of Medical Images
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Making Sense Out of the Data
- 2.1 Deep Learning
- 2.2 Transfer Learning
- 2.3 Nooks and Crannies of Model Learning
- 3 Using Available Data Sources for Mining PACS Repositories
- 3.1 Analysing Individual Data Sources
- 3.2 Fusing Multimodal Data Sources
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Fat Mass is Negatively Associated with Composite Indices of Femoral Neck Strength in Elderly Lebanese Subjects
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Material and Methods
- 2.1 Subjects and Study Design
- 2.2 Anthropometrics and Bone Measurements
- 2.3 Handgrip Measurements
- 2.4 Statistical Analysis
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Clinical Characteristics and Bone Variables of the Study Population
- 3.2 Correlations and Multiple Linear Regressions in Women
- 3.3 Correlations and Multiple Linear Regressions in Men
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Neuroimaging
- Image Fusion to Guide Decision-Making Towards Minimally Invasive Epilepsy Treatment
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Application Database
- 2.2 Pre-processing
- 2.3 Detection Depth Electrodes
- 2.4 Exploration and Visualization of the Images
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Output of the Applications
- 4 Discussion
- 4.1 Limitations
- 4.2 Conclusions
- References
- Data-Driven EEG Informed Functional MRI Combined with Network Analysis Successfully Identifies the Seizure Onset Zone
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Subjects
- 2.2 Data Acquisition
- 2.3 Data Analysis
- 2.4 Comparison with Healthy Control Networks
- 3 Results
- 3.1 The Epileptic Independent Component
- 3.2 Epileptic Versus Resting State Networks
- 4 Discussion
- 4.1 Analysis Strategy
- 4.2 Clinical Evaluation
- 4.3 Limitations and Future Directions
- 4.4 Conclusions
- References
- Modern Neurophysiological Research of the Human Brain in Clinic and Psychophysiology
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Electroencephalography. Neurophysiological Basis
- 3 Brain Evoked Potentials
- 3.1 Evoked Potentials and Perception
- 3.2 Registration of Magnetic Fields
- 3.3 Systems "Brain-Computer Interface" Based on P300
- 4 Electrodermal Reactions. Super-Slow Physiological Processes
- 5 Other Methods in Clinical Neurophysiology and Applied Psychophysiology (USDG, PET-Scan, NIRs)
- References
- Application of Resting Brain Frontal Lobe Complexity in Depression Screening
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Datasets
- 2.2 EEG Preprocessing
- 2.3 Feature Extraction
- 2.4 Statistical Analysis
- 2.5 Classification
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Multivariate Multiscale Entropy and Complexity Attenuation Rate
- 3.2 Multiscale Entropy (Sample Entropy)
- 3.3 Traditional Relative Power Spectral Density
- 3.4 Correlation Between Features and Depression Scales
- 3.5 Classification
- 4 Conclusion
- 5 Discussion
- References
- Local Contrast Normalization to Improve Preprocessing in MRI of the Brain
- 1 Introduction
- 2 MRI Preprocessing
- 3 The Proposed Strategy
- 4 Experimental Evaluation
- 4.1 The Used Dataset
- 4.2 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Morphological Characteristics Analysis of Working Memory Tracts Using BOLD-fMRI and HARDI Based Tractography in Healthy Human Brains
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 HCP Database
- 2.2 Processing Pipeline Description
- 3 Results
- 3.1 Comparison Between Local Models
- 3.2 Comparison Between Subjects
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion and Perspectives
- References
- Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning for Biosignal Data
- Analysis of Accuracy and Timing in Decision-Making Tasks
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Works of Human Decision Data Analysis
- 3 Experiments and Data Description
- 4 Methodology
- 5 Data Analysis
- 5.1 Age Grouping Assessment According to RT Data
- 5.2 Age Grouping Assessment According to Ac Data
- 5.3 Age Grouping Assessment According to Joint RT and Ac Data
- 5.4 Gender Grouping Assessment
- 6 Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Recurrent Neural Networks and Efficiency in High-Dimensional EEG Classification
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Datasets Used in This Work
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Recurrent Neural Networks and Model Optimization
- 3.2 Performance Measurement and Estimation
- 3.3 Analysis of Results
- 4 Experimental Results
- 4.1 Experimental Setup
- 4.2 Results
- 5 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Energy-Time Profiling for Machine Learning Methods to EEG Classification
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods Used to EEG Classification
- 2.1 K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
- 2.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
- 2.3 Random Forest
- 2.4 Naive Bayes
- 2.5 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Data Description
- 3.2 Implemented Workflow
- 4 Experimental Work
- 4.1 Setup Used
- 4.2 Results
- 5 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Performance Study of Ant Colony Optimization for Feature Selection in EEG Classification
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Ant Colony Optimization
- 2.1 Probabilistic Function
- 2.2 Pheromones Update Function
- 3 ACO for Feature Selection
- 3.1 Probabilistic Function Applied to FS
- 3.2 Pheromones Update Function Applied to FS
- 3.3 The Proposed ACO-FS Algorithm
- 4 ACO-FS Variants
- 4.1 Elitist
- 4.2 Rank-Based
- 5 Experimental Work
- 5.1 Setup and Methodology
- 5.2 Results
- 6 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Personalized Medicine
- Comparison of Fusion Methodologies Using CNV and RNA-Seq for Cancer Classification: A Case Study on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Materials and Method
- 3.1 Data Acquisition and Models Evaluation
- 3.2 RNA-Seq Pre-processing
- 3.3 Copy Number Variation Pre-processing
- 3.4 Early Fusion
- 3.5 Intermediate Fusion
- 4 Results and Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Artificial Corneal Transplantation and the Safe Recovery of Vision in the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methodology
- 3 Discussion and Results
- 3.1 Corneal Transplantation
- 3.2 Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Corneal Transplants
- 3.3 Artificial Corneal Transplantation
- 4 Final Considerations
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- COVID-19. Disease
- PEAK: A Clever Python Tool for Exploratory, Regression, and Classification Data. A Case Study for COVID-19
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Materials and Methods
- 2.1 Import Parameters
- 2.2 Dataset Preprocessing
- 2.3 Exploratory Data Analysis
- 2.4 Correlation Analysis
- 2.5 Linear Regression Analysis
- 2.6 Classification
- 3 Conclusions
- References
- Prevalence of COVID-19 Amongst Arizona First Responders
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 COVID-19 Antigen Test
- 2.2 Outcomes
- 2.3 Statistical Analysis
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Interpretable COVID-19 Classification Leveraging Ensemble Neural Network and XAI
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background Study
- 2.1 Literature Review
- 2.2 Algorithms and Architectures
- 3 Research Methodology
- 4 Dataset Details and Processing
- 4.1 Data Sample
- 4.2 Data Classification
- 4.3 Data Pre-processing
- 5 Implementation and Result Analysis
- 5.1 Individual Models
- 5.2 COVID-19 Analysis by Ensemble Modelling and Explainable AI Version 1 (COV19EXAI V1)
- 5.3 COVID-19 Analysis by Ensemble Modelling and Explainable AI Version 2 (COV19EXAI V2)
- 5.4 COV19EXI-v1 Vs COV19EXI-v2
- 5.5 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- CoroPy: A Deep Learning Based Comparison Between X-Ray and CT Scan Images in Covid-19 Detection and Classification
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methodology
- 2.1 Generating the Dataset (CovRecker)
- 2.2 Data Labeling
- 2.3 Our Proposed 19-Layer CNN Model (CoroPy) for Detecting Covid-19
- 2.4 Training Our Proposed Model
- 3 Experimental Results and Discussion
- 3.1 Evaluation Metrics
- 3.2 Performance of Our Proposed Model
- 3.3 Comparative Analysis with the Previous Models
- 4 Conclusion
- References
- Tomographic Identification and Evaluation of Pulmonary Involvement Due to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Artificial Intelligence and Image Segmentation Technique
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Revision
- 2.1 AI and Medicine
- 2.2 Convolutional Neural Network
- 2.3 Characterization of COVID-19 in the Lung by Chest CT
- 2.4 Characterization of COVID-19 Severity in the Lung by Chest CT
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Data Base
- 3.2 Machine Learning
- 3.3 Learning Training
- 3.4 Metrics
- 3.5 Automatic Segmentation
- 3.6 Application
- 4 Results
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- COVID-19. General
- Risk Group Determination in Case of COVID-19 Infection
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Prediction of Coronavirus Disease Severity Based on Genetic Mutations
- 3 Preliminary Results
- 4 Summary
- References
- COVID-19 Biomarkers Detection Using `KnowSeq' R Package
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Preprocessing
- 2.2 Differentially Expressed Genes Extraction
- 2.3 Feature Selection
- 2.4 Classification Model
- 2.5 Graphical Plots
- 3 Results and Discussions
- 4 Conclusions
- References
- Exit Strategy from COVID-19: Vaccination and Alternate Solution
- 1 Effects of Lockdown vs. Vaccination vs. Seasonality
- 2 Reporting of Short-Term Adverse Effects After Vaccination
- 3 Importance of Healthy Peer-review and Service to Humanity
- 4 Similarities Between Influenza and COVID-19
- 5 New Variants and Fast Mutation
- 6 Mass Vaccination and Transmission - Trial Experiments
- 7 Seasonality and COVID-19
- 8 Optimism with Alternative Pathways
- References
- COVID-19. Health
- Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Among Participants in a Health-Promotion Program
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 2.1 Participants
- 2.2 Instruments
- 2.3 Procedure
- 2.4 Data Analysis
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- References
- Memory Chains for Optimizing the Table Disposition During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mathematical Model for the Table Location Problem
- 3 MA for the TLP
- 4 Results
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Protected Discharge Model for Mild to Moderate Covid Patients in a North-East Italian Hospital
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 3 Technology Assessment
- 4 Flow-Chart
- 5 Preliminary Results
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- Exploring the Effects of Loneliness and Internet Addiction on Adults' Well-Being During COVID-19 Quarantine
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Literature Review
- 2.1 Mental Health Under COVID-19 Quarantine
- 2.2 Loneliness and PIU Under COVID-19 Quarantine
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Measures
- 3.2 Participants
- 3.3 Analysis Strategy
- 3.4 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion and Future Work
- Appendix
- References
- Short Papers
- Application of Neurometrics to the Assessment of Attention Regulation Skills for Peak Performance in Sports: A Multi-method Neuroassessment Protocol
- Abstract
- 1 Sport Neuroscience and Neuroscientific Devices for Athletes' Assessment
- 2 Assessment of Attention Traits in Sports: A Neurometric Approach
- References
- Electrophysiological Markers of Excessive Internet Use: Evidence from an ERP Study
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Method and Materials
- 2.1 Sample
- 2.2 Experimental Procedure
- 2.3 EEG Acquisition and Analysis
- 3 Results: Correlational Analysis Between IAT and ERP
- 4 Discussion
- References
- A Computational Pipeline to Identify Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Targets
- 1 Extended Abstract
- References
- Neuroscientific Hyperscanning and Digital-Caregiving System for Monitoring and Prevention of Relational Deprivation in Dyad Frail People-Caregiver
- Abstract
- 1 Frailty and Relational Deprivation: The Challenge of Remote Assessment and Monitoring
- 2 Evaluating the Quality of Relations in the Patient-Caregiver Dyad: The Hyperscanning Paradigm
- References
- Author Index
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