
Surface and Defect Properties of Solids
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Content
- Surface and Defect Properties of Solids
- Contents
- Chapter 1 Recent Trends in the Application of Low-energy Electron Diffraction
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Theory of Surface Structure Analysis by Low-energy Electron Diffraction
- Ion-core Potentials and Energy-dependent Phase Shifts
- The Effect of including Various Numbers of Layers Parallel to the Surface in the Calculation
- Multiple Scattering: Order and Temperature Effects
- Sensitivity of Calculations to the Incident Beam Angle
- Inner Potential and Inelastic Damping Factor
- Sensitivity of Calculations to Changes in the Positions of Atoms in the Surface Layer
- Results of Calculation
- 3 Surface Phase Transformations: Order?Order Transformations
- 4 The Application of LEED to the Study of Stepped Surfaces
- 5 Studies of Thin Films and Liquids by LEED
- 6 Adsorption on Metals
- Adsorption of Complex Molecules
- Adsorption on Metals: Physical Adsorption
- 7 Epitaxy and Metal?Metal Adsorption
- 8 LEED Studies at High Pressures
- 9 The Application of LEED in Studies of Catalysis
- 10 Application of LEED to Studies of Electrode Surfaces
- 11 Trends in Techniques Associated with LEED
- 12 Conclusion
- Chapter 2 Some Developments in Field Ion Microscopy and its Applications
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Principles of Operation
- 3 Developments in Technique
- 4 Image Foundation
- Field-stabilized Adsorption
- Field Ionization
- Image Contrast
- Image Resolution
- 5 Field Evaporation
- 6 Applications in Surface Science
- Chemisorption of Gases on Metals
- Surface Reactions
- Vapour-deposited Metals
- Single Adatom Behaviour
- Interaction between Adatoms
- Growth and Structure of Thin Films
- 7 Metallurgical Applications
- Alloys
- Precipitation Reactions
- Interfaces
- Dislocations
- Points Defects and Radiation Damage
- 8 Conclusions
- Chapter 3 Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Adsorbed Species
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Principles of E.S.R.
- 3 Adsorbed Species
- Atoms and Monatomic Ions
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Inorganic Radicals and Ion-radicals
- Molecular Oxygen Ion
- Ozone Ion
- Nitric Oxide
- Nitrogen Dioxide
- Chlorine Dioxide
- Nitrogen Dioxide Ion
- Carbon Dioxide Ion
- Sulphur Dioxide Ion
- Chlorine Ion
- Organic Radicals and Ion-radicals
- Methyl Radicals
- Oxy-hydrocarbon Radicals
- Radicals derived from Benzene and its Methyl-substituted Derivatives
- Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Radicals
- Nitrogen-containing Radicals
- Sulphur-containing Radicals
- Alkene Radicals
- Phenoxyl Radicals
- DPPH
- Adsorbed Quinones
- Chapter 4 Reactions of Saturated Hydrocarbons with Hydrogen on Metals
- 1 Introduction
- Types of Reaction on Metals
- Types of Metal Catalysts
- 2 Exchange Reactions
- Reactions as a Function of Temperature
- Temperature Regions on Various Metals
- Nickel
- Platinum
- Tungsten
- Iron
- Interpretation of Temperature Regions
- 3 Hydrogenolysis Reactions
- Ethane Hydrogenolysis
- Hydrogenolysis of Larger Hydrocarbons
- Simultaneous Exchange and Hydrogenolysis
- Experimental Techniques
- Results over Nickel, Iron, and Cobalt
- Chapter 5 Infrared Studies of Species Adsorbed on Oxide Surfaces
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Oxides of Elements in Group II
- Beryllium Oxide
- Magnesium Oxide
- Calcium Oxide
- 3 Oxides of Elements in Group III
- Boria (Impregnated in Silica Glasses)
- Alumina
- Gallium Oxide and Indium Oxide
- 4 Oxides of Elements in Group IV
- Silica
- Germanium Dioxide
- Tin(IV) Oxide
- 5 Oxides of First-row Transition Metals
- Titanium Dioxide
- Vanadium Pentoxide
- Oxides of Chromium
- Manganese Dioxide
- Iron (III) Oxide
- Cobalt(II) Oxide
- Nickel(II) Oxide and Mixed Oxides containing Nickel
- Copper(II) Oxide
- Zinc Oxide
- 6 Oxides of Second-row Transition Metals
- Yttrium(III) Oxide
- Zirconium Dioxide
- Mixed Oxides of Molybdenum with Bismuth
- 7 Oxides of Third-row Transition Metals
- Hafnium Dioxide
- Tantalum(V) Oxide
- Platinum(IV) Oxide
- 8 Oxides of the Lanthanides and Actinides
- 9 Silica-aluminas
- 10 Aluminium Phosphate (a Mixed Oxide of Aluminium and Phosphorus)
- 11 Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Oxide Surfaces
- Chapter 6 Orientational Order and Disorder in the Solid Isotopic Methanes
- 1 General Introduction
- 2 Molecular Reorientation in Solid Hydrogen
- 3 Thermodynamic Properties of the Solid Methanes
- 4 The Problem of the Structure of the Solid Phase
- 5 Energy States of Methane Molecules in Solids
- 6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements on the Solid Methanes
- A Nuclear Magnetization
- B Spin-Lattice Relaxation
- C Level Crossing as a Probe of Spin-isomer Interconversion
- 7 Summary
- Chapter 7 Point Defects in Ionic Crystals
- 1 Nature and Occurrence of Point Defects
- Highly Defective Materials
- 2 Number of Point Defects
- 3 Distribution of Point Defects
- 4 Evidence for Point Defects
- Nominally Pure Crystals
- Doped Crystals
- 5 Aggregates of Impurity Ions
- 6 Defect Interactions
- Debye-Hückel Model
- Statistical Mechanical Theories
- 7 Mobility of Point Defects
- 8 Ionic Conductivity
- 9 Diffusion
- Correlation Effects
- Comparison with Ionic Conductivity
- Isotope Effects
- Diffusion of Impurities
- 10 Relaxation Phenomena
- Dielectric Loss and Internal Friction
- Ionic Thermoconductivity
- 11 Magnetic Resonance Techniques
- N.M.R.
- E.S.R.
- 12 Numerical Values of Parameters
- For the Host Crystal (Mostly Halides)
- For Oxides
- For Impurity Ions
- 13 Theoretrical Calculation of Defect Parameters
- Energies of Defect Formation
- Binding Energies
- Defect Migration Energies
- Entropies of Defect Formation and Migration
- Volume Changes Associated with Defect Formation and Migration
- Solubility of impurity Ions
- Chapter 8 The Role of Structural Defects in the Luminescence of Organic Molecular Crystals
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Basic Concepts
- 3 Direct and Defect Fluorescence
- Spectral Characteristics
- Fluorescence Lifetimes
- 4 Delayed Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
- 5 Electroluminescence and Charge-carrier Modulation of Luminescence
- 6 Thermoluminescence
- Chapter 9 Diffusion in Molecular Solids
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mass-transport Experiments
- Self-diffusion
- Radiotracer Studies
- Plastic-deformation Studies
- Radical-recombination Studies
- Pulsed Field Gradient Measurements
- Summary
- Impurity Diffusion and Diffusion in Impure Solids
- Mechanistic Studies
- 3 Relaxation-time Experiments
- N.M.R. Studies
- Self-diffusion
- Diffusion in Impure Systems
- Mechanistic Studies
- 4 Evaluation of Point-defect Properties
- Theoretical Calculations
- Noble-gas Solids
- Experimental Determinations
- Noble-gas Solids
- Organic Solids
- Author Index
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