
Migration Law in Germany
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Content
- Intro
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- The Author
- Table of Contents
- List of Abbreviations
- Preface
- General Introduction
- §1. Immigration History and Statistical Information
- I. Immigration History
- II. Statistical Information
- §2. Overview of National Legal Instruments
- I. Historical Overview
- A. Federal Republic of Germany
- B. German Democratic Republic
- II. Current Applicable Legislation
- A. Federal Laws
- 1. General Legal Structure
- 2. The Basic Law
- 3. The Residence Act
- 4. The Asylum Act
- 5. The Freedom of Movement Act/EU
- 6. Other Laws and Rules
- B. European Union Law
- C. Laws of the Länder
- D. Transitional Rules
- III. Administrative and Judicial Authorities
- A. Foreigners Authorities
- B. The Federal Foreign Office
- C. The Authorities Charged with Policing Cross-Border Traffic
- D. Police Forces of the Länder
- E. Federal Office for Migration and Refugees
- F. Commissioner for Migration, Refugees and Integration
- G. The Federal Employment Agency
- H. Parallel Competencies
- I. Head Judicial Authorities
- §3. Overview of Applicable International Legal Instruments
- §4. Legal Position of Foreigners in General
- I. Cooperation with Authorities
- A. Presentation of Documents
- B. Furnishing of Information
- C. Personal Appearance
- D. Identification Measures
- E. Notification Requirements
- F. Data Collection
- 1. Data Carriers
- 2. Data Collection at Third Persons
- 3. Data Collection in Specific Circumstances
- G. Establishing Identity
- II. Decision on Residence
- III. Legal Capacity
- IV. Data Protection
- V. Political Activities
- VI. Economic Activity
- A. General Definition
- B. Exceptions
- C. Documents
- VII. Illegally Staying Foreigners
- §5. Basic Principles of German Migration Law
- I. Open-Mindedness and Well-Functioning of the System
- II. Integration
- III. Secure Subsistence
- IV. Health Insurance
- V. Sufficient Living Space
- VI. Language Proficiency
- VII. Integration Measures
- Part I. Border Control and Entrance
- Chapter 1. Organization of Border Control
- §1. Authorities
- §2. Cooperation and Information
- Chapter 2. Right to Enter the Country
- §1. Conditions for the Right to Enter
- I. Passport Requirement
- II. Residence Title Requirement
- A. General Requirement
- B. Forms of Residence Titles
- C. Residence Purposes
- D. Conditions
- §2. Administrative Procedures and Documents
- I. Residence Title Application
- II. Entry Procedure
- III. Costs, Accommodation and Transport Obligations
- IV. Letter of Commitment by Third Persons
- Chapter 3. Refusal of Entry
- §1. Reasons for Refusal
- §2. Ban on Entry and Residence
- Part II. Right of Residence: General Provisions
- Chapter 1. Short Stay
- §1. Conditions for Short Stay
- I. Schengen Visa
- A. General Requirement
- B. Scope of Entitlement
- C. Extension
- D. Discretion
- II. Airport Transit Visa
- III. Short-Term Mobility Schemes
- IV. Transit
- §2. Administrative Procedures and Documents for Short Stay
- §3. Legal Position in the Event of a Short Stay
- §4. Position of Family Members
- Chapter 2. Residence
- §1. Conditions for Residence
- I. Temporary Residence Permit
- II. EU Blue Card
- A. Scope
- B. Refusal
- C. Permanent Settlement Permit for EU Blue Card Holders
- III. Intra-corporate Transfers
- A. ICT Card
- B. Short-Term Mobility
- C. Mobile ICT Card
- §2. Administrative Procedures and Documents for Residence
- §3. Legal Position of Residents
- I. Scope and Conditions
- II. Integration Courses
- A. Structure
- B. Entitlement to Attend an Integration Course
- C. Obligation to Attend an Integration Course
- D. Cessation of the Obligation to Attend an Integration Course
- E. Failure to Duly Attend an Integration Course
- III. Other Integration Measures
- A. Integration Programme
- B. Job-Related Language Training
- §4. Position of Family Members of Residents
- I. Subsequent Immigration of Dependants (Family Reunion)
- A. General Principles
- B. Subsequent Immigration of Dependants to a Foreigner
- C. Subsequent Immigration of Spouses
- 1. Conditions
- 2. Exceptions to Conditions
- 3. Particular Hardship
- 4. Extension
- 5. Polygamous Marriage
- 6. Short-Term Mobility for Researchers
- D. Independent Right of Residence of Spouses
- 1. Termination of Marital Cohabitation
- 2. Particular Hardship
- 3. Extension
- 4. Permanent Settlement Permit
- E. Subsequent Immigration of Children
- F. Children Born in Germany
- G. Right of Residence of Children
- 1. Extension
- 2. Permanent Residence Permit
- H. Subsequent Immigration of Parents
- I. Subsequent Immigration of Other Dependants
- 1. Particular Hardship
- 2. Temporary Protection
- J. Subsequent Immigration to Persons with Subsidiary Protection Status
- K. Subsequent Immigration to a German National
- 1. Conditions
- 2. Permanent Settlement Permit
- II. Other Residence Rights for Family Reasons
- Chapter 3. Long-Term Residence
- §1. Conditions for Long-Term Residence
- I. Permanent Settlement Permit
- II. EU Long-Term Residence Permit
- §2. Administrative Procedures and Documents for Long-Term Residence
- §3. Legal Position of Long-Term Residents
- §4. Position of Family Members of Long-Term Residents
- Part III. Right of Residence for Specific Categories of Persons
- Chapter 1. Nationals with Preferential Treatment
- §1. EU Citizens
- I. Freedom of Movement
- II. Dependants of EU Citizens
- III. Permanent Residence
- IV. Documents and Data Protection
- V. Loss of the Right to Freedom of Movement
- VI. Sanctions
- VII. Relation to the Residence Act
- VIII. Political Rights of EU Citizens
- §2. EEA States and Switzerland
- §3. Turkish Citizens
- §4. Other Nationals
- Chapter 2. Students
- §1. Further Education
- I. Studies
- II. Conditions
- §2. Student Mobility
- §3. Language Courses and Schools
- §4. Other Educational Purposes
- I. Vocational Training
- II. Recognition of Professional Qualifications
- III. Study-Related Training Programme EU
- §5. Denial
- §6. Permanent Settlement Permit
- Chapter 3. Researchers
- §1. Research Purpose
- §2. Short-Term Mobility for Researchers
- §3. Temporary Residence of Mobile Researchers
- §4. Denial
- Chapter 4. Labour and Economic Migration
- §1. Labour Employment
- I. Amendment and General Requirements
- A. Outline of Changes Applicable from 1 March 2020 Onwards
- 1. Basic Development
- 2. Simplification
- 3. Skilled Workers
- 4. No Examination of Priority
- 5. No Limitation to Shortage Occupations
- 6. Seeking Employment
- 7. Determination of Equivalence
- B. Requirements
- II. Conditions
- III. Foreigners Whose Deportation Has Been Suspended
- IV. Seeking Employment
- V. European Voluntary Service
- VI. Permanent Residence Permit for Highly Qualified Foreigners
- §2. Seasonal Workers and Temporary Workers
- I. Seasonal Workers
- A. Conditions
- B. Denial
- II. Temporary Workers
- III. Showman's Assistants
- §3. Independent Economic Activities
- §4. Investment Activities
- Chapter 5. Humanitarian Reasons
- §1. Humanitarian Grounds
- I. Scope of Application
- II. General Provisions
- III. Admission from Abroad
- IV. Land Order on Humanitarian Grounds
- V. Land Order in Cases of Hardship
- VI. Deportation Ban
- VII. Impossibility of Departure
- §2. Unaccompanied Minor Children
- §3. Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings
- §4. Others
- I. Well-Integrated Juveniles and Young Adults
- II. Lasting Integration
- A. Scope
- B. Dependants
- C. Denial
- III. Personal Grounds
- IV. Resettlement
- V. Jewish Immigrants
- Chapter 6. Asylum
- §1. Conditions
- I. Refugee Status
- A. Asylum Act: Scope of Application
- B. Political Asylum
- C. Refugee Status
- 1. Refugee
- 2. Acts of Persecution
- 3. Lack of Protection
- 4. Agents of Persecution
- 5. Protection Against Persecution
- II. Subsidiary Protection Status
- III. Temporary Protection
- IV. Other
- A. Displaced Foreigners
- B. Diplomatic Asylum
- C. Church Asylum
- V. Refusal of Asylum
- A. Internal Protection
- B. Self-Created Grounds Subsequent to Fleeing
- C. Refugee
- D. Subsidiary Protection
- E. Temporary Protection
- §2. Procedures
- I. Asylum Procedure
- A. Form, Scope, Legal Capacity, Contacts and Language
- 1. Form
- 2. Scope
- 3. Legal Capacity
- 4. Contacts and Counselling
- 5. Language
- B. Cooperation Obligations
- 1. Communications
- 2. Facts
- C. Competent Authorities
- D. Data Protection and Information Procedures
- 1. Personal Data
- 2. Data Carriers
- 3. Identity
- E. Place of Application
- 1. Filing Asylum Application
- 2. Requesting Asylum
- 3. Border Procedure
- 4. Entry by Air
- F. Procedure Before the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees
- 1. Procedure
- 2. Hearing
- 3. Hearing Procedures
- 4. Decision
- G. Inadmissible and Manifestly Unfounded Applications
- 1. Inadmissibility
- 2. Manifest Unfoundedness
- H. Fast-Track Procedure
- I. Termination of Proceedings
- 1. Content of Decision
- 2. Decision in Case of Withdrawal or Abandonment
- 3. Suspension of Proceedings
- 4. Abandonment
- 5. Follow-Up Application
- 6. Secondary Application
- II. Review of a Decision Rejecting an Application for Asylum
- A. Administrative Appeals
- B. Appeals of Airport Decisions
- C. Court Proceedings
- 1. Time Limits
- 2. Limited Suspensory Effect
- 3. Single Judge and Chamber
- 4. Decision of the Court
- 5. Legal Remedy
- 6. Special Provisions Governing Appeals
- 7. Inadmissibility of Complaints
- 8. Suspension and Withdrawal
- 9. Inspection of Files
- 10. Special Panels
- 11. Notification
- 12. Costs
- 13. Entry and Residence Bans
- III. Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Claimants
- IV. Safe Country of Origin and Safe Third Country
- A. Safe Country of Origin
- B. Safe Third Countries
- §3. Legal Position
- I. Asylum Seekers
- A. Residence
- 1. Permission to Remain Pending the Asylum Decision
- 2. Registration Certificate
- 3. Arrival Certificate
- 4. Identification Documents
- 5. Alert
- 6. Expiry
- 7. Residence Title
- B. Allocation
- 1. Reception Centre
- 2. Residence Obligation
- 3. Documents
- 4. Registration
- 5. Admitted Persons
- 6. Filing an Application at the Reception Centre
- 7. Setting Up and Maintaining a Reception Centre
- 8. Admission Quota
- 9. Responsible Reception Centre
- 10. Residence
- 11. Prolonged Residence
- 12. Children's Residence
- 13. Contacts
- 14. Information
- 15. Termination of Residence Obligation
- 16. Allocation Decision
- 17. Collective Accommodation
- 18. Notification
- 19. Geographic Restrictions
- 20. Enforcement of Geographic Restrictions
- 21. Expiry of Geographic Restrictions
- 22. Special Reasons for Geographic Restrictions
- 23. Residence Restrictions
- C. Economic Activity
- D. Social and Health Benefits
- 1. Medical Examination
- 2. Benefits
- 3. Limitations to Benefits
- 4. Kinds of Benefits
- 5. Medical Benefits
- 6. Working Opportunities
- 7. Labour Market Programme Refugees Integration Measures
- 8. Further Integration Measures
- 9. Other Benefits
- 10. Income and Assets
- 11. Liability of Third Persons
- 12. Notification
- 13. Relationship with Other Benefit Provisions
- 14. Supplementary Provisions
- E. Sanctions
- 1. Fines
- 2. Limitation of Benefits
- II. Persons Granted Asylum Status
- A. Status in General
- B. Residence Title
- C. Allocation
- 1. Residence
- 2. Temporary Protection
- D. Economic Activity
- §4. Position of Family Members
- I. Scope of Asylum Application
- II. Asylum Status for Family Members
- III. Subsequent immigration to Persons Granted Subsidiary Protection Status
- Chapter 7. Others Grounds
- §1. Right of Return
- A. General Approach
- B. Young Foreigners
- C. Victims of Forced Marriage
- D. Pensioners
- §2. Former Germans
- §3. Long-Term Residents in Other EU Member States
- §4. Public Interests
- §5. Political Grounds
- §6. International Law
- Part IV. Loss of Right of Residence
- Chapter 1. Conditions under Which the Right of Residence Might Be Lost
- §1. Requirement to Leave Germany
- §2. Termination of Lawful Stay
- I. Expiry of Residence Title
- II. Exceptions from Expiry
- III. Long-Term Residents/EU
- IV. EU Blue Card
- V. Permanent Settlement Permit
- §3. Revocation of Residence Titles
- §4. Loss of Asylum
- I. Asylum Status and Refugee Status
- II. Subsidiary Protection Status
- §5. Cessation of Deportation Bans
- §6. Expulsion
- I. Weighing of Interests
- II. Particularly Serious Interest in Expulsion
- III. Serious Interest in Expulsion
- IV. Particularly Serious Interest in Remaining
- V. Serious Interest in Remaining
- VI. Pending Application Procedures
- Chapter 2. Legal and Administrative Procedures
- §1. Procedures
- §2. Costs
- Part V. Sanctions
- Chapter 1. Sanctions
- §1. Administrative Sanctions
- I. The Basic Structure
- II. Administrative Offences in the Residence Act
- A. General Rules
- B. Specific Administrative Offences
- III. Administrative Offences in the Asylum Act
- §2. Penal Sanctions
- I. Penal Sanctions in the Residence Act
- II. Penal Sanctions in the Asylum Act
- §3. Detention, Custody, Allocation and Restrictions
- I. Detention and Custody
- A. Detention Pending Exit from the Federal Territory
- B. Custody Awaiting Deportation
- 1. Principle of Proportionality
- 2. Custody to Prepare Deportation
- 3. Custody to Secure Deportation
- 4. Enforcement
- C. Custody to Secure Departure
- II. Allocation
- III. Territorial Restrictions
- §4. Expulsion, Deportation and Removal
- I. Legal System and Terminology
- II. Removal
- III. Deportation
- A. Conditions for Deportation
- B. Deportation Order
- C. Deportation Warning
- IV. Prohibition of Deportation
- V. Suspension of Deportation
- VI. Deportation in Cases of Refusal of Asylum
- A. Asylum Application
- 1. Deportation Order
- 2. Application of Temporary Relief
- 3. Safe Third Countries
- 4. Rejection of Asylum
- 5. Notification
- 6. Reasons Precluding Deportation
- 7. Deportation Warning
- B. Follow-Up and Secondary Application
- 1. Follow-Up Application
- 2. Secondary Applications
- §5. Monitoring
- I. Measures
- II. Electronic Location Monitoring
- Chapter 2. Sanctions Against Persons Helping Illegal Entry and Residence
- §1. Human Smuggling
- I. Inciting or Assisting Unlawful Entry
- II. Inciting or Assisting Unlawful Residence
- III. Aggravating Circumstances
- §2. Human Trafficking
- I. Measures
- II. Forms of Human Trafficking
- III. Forced Prostitution
- IV. Forced Labour
- V. Work Exploitation
- VI. Exploitation Through Deprivation of Freedom
- Part VI. Legal Remedies and Procedural Safeguards
- Chapter 1. Legal Remedies in Case of Refusal of Right to Enter, Stay or Reside
- Chapter 2. Legal Remedies in Detention Cases
- Chapter 3. Other Legal Remedies
- Part VII. Access to the Labour Market
- Chapter 1. Overview of Applicable Legislation
- Chapter 2. Conditions to Work as an Employed Person
- §1. Conditions
- §2. Denial
- Chapter 3. Sanctions Against Illegal Participation in the Labour Market
- §1. Sanctions Against Employers
- I. Payment Obligations
- II. Administrative Offences
- A. Residence Act
- B. Social Code
- C. Act on Temporary Employment Businesses
- III. Criminal Offences
- A. Act to Combat Clandestine Employment
- B. Act on Temporary Employment Businesses
- IV. Exclusion from Public Subsidies and Contracts
- V. Liability for Costs
- §2. Sanctions Against Workers
- I. Administrative Offences
- II. Criminal Offences
- A. Residence Act
- B. Act to Combat Clandestine Employment
- Chapter 4. Legal Remedies and Procedural Safeguards
- Part VIII. Access to Self-Employed Activities
- Chapter 1. Overview of Applicable Legislation
- Chapter 2. Conditions for Entitlement to Work in the Country as a Self-Employed
- §1. General Conditions
- §2. Administrative Rules and Procedures
- §3. Conditions for Special Categories of Self-Employed
- Chapter 3. Sanctions Against Illegal Exercise of Self-Employment
- §1. Administrative Offences
- §2. Criminal Offences
- I. Residence Act
- II. Act to Combat Clandestine Employment
- Chapter 4. Legal Remedies and Procedural Safeguards
- Selected Bibliography
- Index
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