
Constitutional Law in Germany
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Content
- Front Cover
- Half Title
- Title
- Copyright
- The Author
- Table of Contents
- List of Abbreviations
- General Introduction
- §1. THE IMPACT OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
- §2. AN OUTLINE OF GERMAN CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
- I. General Structures
- II. The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
- III. The Nineteenth Century
- IV. The Twentieth Century
- V. Constitutional Principles
- §3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GERMAN STATE
- §4. POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
- Part I. Constitutional Law of the Federation
- Chapter 1. General Structures
- §1. CONCEPT, NATURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CONSTITUTION
- I. The Constitutional Document
- II. Amendments to the Constitution
- III. Substitution of the Basic Law
- IV. Underlying Concepts
- §2. TERRITORIAL AND PERSONAL APPLICABILITY
- I. Territorial Applicability
- II. Personal Applicability
- §3. A GENERAL FEATURE: THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY
- §4. THE PREAMBLE
- Chapter 2. Basic Rights
- §1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- I. The Structure of the Basic Law
- II. Freedom Rights and Equality Rights
- III. The Negative Right
- IV. Dimensions of Basic Rights
- A. Value Deciding Fundamental Norms
- B. Functions of Basic Rights
- C. Subjective Rights and Institutional Guarantees
- V. Subjects of Basic Rights
- A. Human Rights and Germans' Rights
- B. Basic Rights of Legal Persons
- C. Basic Rights and the Age of Persons
- D. Basic Rights in Special Status Relationships
- E. Rights of Public Entities
- VI. Those Bound by Basic Rights
- A. Entities Bound by Basic Rights
- B. Horizontal Effect of Basic Rights
- VII. Limitations to Basic Rights
- A. General Structures
- B. Basic Rights-Immanent Limitations
- C. Statute Limitation Clause
- D. Constitution-Immanent Limitations
- E. Limits to Limitations
- VIII. The Structure of Basic Rights Protection
- §2. THE VARIOUS BASIC RIGHTS
- I. Human Dignity
- II. Personal Freedom
- A. General Structure
- B. The Freedom of Action and the Personality Right
- C. Limitations
- III. Right to Life and Physical Integrity
- IV. Freedom of Physical Movement
- V. Equal Treatment
- VI. Freedom of Faith and Conscience
- VII. Freedom of Expression, Media, Arts and Sciences
- A. General Protection
- B. Limitation Clause
- C. Arts, Sciences, Research and Teaching
- VIII. Marriage and Family
- A. The Protection of Marriage
- B. The Protection of the Family
- C. Parents and Their Children
- D. Protection of Motherhood
- E. Children Born Outside of Marriage
- IX. The School System
- A. State Supervision
- B. Religious Instruction in Public Schools
- C. Private Schools
- D. Preparatory Schools
- X. Freedom of Assembly
- XI. Freedom of Association
- A. The General Freedom of Association
- B. The Freedom of Coalition
- XII. Privacy of Correspondence, Posts and Telecommunications
- XIII. Freedom of Movement
- XIV. Occupational Freedom
- XV. Compulsory Military and Alternative Civilian Service
- XVI. Inviolability of the Home
- XVII. Property, Inheritance, Expropriation
- A. Protection of Property
- B. Protection of Inheritance
- C. Limitations and Expropriation
- XVIII. Socialization
- XIX. Citizenship, Extradition
- XX. Right of Asylum
- XXI. Right of Petition
- XXII. Restrictions of Basic Rights in Specific Situations
- XXIII. Limitations of Basic Rights, Artificial Persons, Legal Remedies
- A. General Structures
- B. Limitations
- C. Artificial Persons
- D. Legal Remedies
- §3. QUASI-BASIC RIGHTS
- I. Meaning of Quasi-Basic Rights
- II. Right of Resistance
- III. Equal Citizenship, Public Service
- A. The Variety of Guarantees
- B. Equal Treatment in Public Office
- C. Exercise of Sovereign Authority
- D. Principles of Public Service
- E. State Liability
- IV. Electoral Rights
- V. Ban on Extraordinary Courts
- VI. Fair Trial
- A. General Structures
- B. The Right to be Heard in Court
- C. Definition of Crime
- D. Multiple Punishment
- VII. Deprivation of Liberty
- Chapter 3. Fundamental Constitutional Principles
- §1. GENERAL STRUCTURES
- §2. DEMOCRACY
- I. Basic Approaches
- II. Representative Democracy
- III. Direct Democracy
- §3. RULE OF LAW
- I. General Significance
- II. Supremacy of the Law
- III. Necessity of Law
- IV. The Hierarchy of Norms
- A. General Structures
- B. Constitution, Parliamentary and Administrative Rules
- C. Public International Law
- D. European Union law
- E. Judge-Made Law
- F. Custom
- G. Interpretation
- V. Separation of Powers
- VI. Legal Protection and Fair Trial
- VII. Legal Certainty
- VIII. Protection of Legitimate Expectations
- A. General Structure
- B. Retroactive Legislation
- IX. Principle of Proportionality
- §4. SOCIAL STATE
- §5. REPUBLIC
- §6. FEDERATION
- I. General Structures
- II. Distribution of Legislation
- III. Administrative Powers
- IV. Joint Tasks
- V. Structure of the Judiciary
- VI. Reorganization of the Federal Territory
- §7. EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
- §8. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
- §9. CULTURAL STATE
- Chapter 4. Constitutional Organs
- §1. GENERAL STRUCTURES
- §2. THE FEDERAL PRESIDENT
- §3. THE GERMAN BUNDESTAG
- I. General Significance
- II. Composition and Elections
- III. Status of Members of the German Bundestag
- IV. Rules of Procedure
- V. The President of the German Bundestag
- §4. THE BUNDESRAT
- I. General Significance
- II. Composition and Decisions
- III. The President of the Bundesrat
- §5. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
- I. General Significance
- II. The Federal Chancellor
- III. The Federal Ministers
- IV. The Cabinet-Principle
- V. Work and Stability of the Federal Government
- §6. THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
- I. General Significance
- II. Composition
- III. Procedures
- §7. THE FEDERAL CONVENTION
- §8. THE JOINT COMMITTEE
- §9. THE MEDIATION COMMITTEE
- Chapter 5. The Lawmaking Process
- §1. GENERAL STRUCTURES
- §2. LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVE
- §3. PROCEDURE BETWEEN BUNDESTAG, BUNDESRAT AND MEDIATION COMMITTEE
- §4. COUNTERSIGNATURE, CERTIFICATION, PROMULGATION AND ENTRY INTO FORCE
- §5. AMENDMENTS TO THE BASIC LAW
- §6. LEGISLATIVE EMERGENCY
- §7. STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS
- Chapter 6. The Judiciary
- §1. INDEPENDENCE
- §2. PROCEEDINGS
- §3. STRUCTURES
- §4. PENAL SANCTIONS
- Chapter 7. The Administration
- §1. DUTIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- §2. THE LAW OF COMMUNAL ADMINISTRATION
- Chapter 8. State Symbols
- Chapter 9. Political Parties
- Chapter 10. The Financial Constitution
- §1. REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES
- §2. FINANCIAL EQUALIZATION AMONG THE LÄNDER
- §3. FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION
- §4. EXTRAORDINARY SITUATIONS
- §5. LIMITS OF BORROWING
- §6. THE GERMAN FEDERAL BANK
- §7. THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUDIT
- Chapter 11. The Economic System
- Chapter 12. European Union Relations
- §1. OPENNESS TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
- §2. COOPERATION OF STATE ORGANS
- §3. LIMITATIONS TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
- Chapter 13. International Relations
- §1. THE PRINCIPLE OF OPENNESS TO PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
- §2. ADMINISTRATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- §3. TRANSFER OF POWERS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
- §4. THE LÄNDER AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- §5. THE MERCHANT FLEET
- Chapter 14. Religious Communities
- §1. BASIC PRINCIPLES
- §2. ORGANIZATIONAL STATUS
- §3. SPECIFIC RIGHTS AND DUTIES
- §4. RELIGIOUS AUTONOMY
- Chapter 15. Environmental Protection
- Chapter 16. Military Defence
- §1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- §2. COMPULSORY MILITARY AND ALTERNATIVE CIVILIAN SERVICE
- Chapter 17. Emergency Situations
- §1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- §2. GRAVE THREATS TO PUBLIC SAFETY OR ORDER
- §3. ASSISTANCE DURING DISASTERS
- §4. INTERNAL EMERGENCY
- §5. STATE OF DEFENCE
- §6. STATE OF TENSION
- Chapter 18. Protection of the Constitution
- §1. BASIC PRINCIPLES
- §2. AUTHORITIES, OFFICES AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF COMPETENCIES
- §3. FORFEITURE OF BASIC RIGHTS
- §4. PROHIBITION OF ASSOCIATIONS
- §5. PROHIBITION OF POLITICAL PARTIES
- §6. RIGHT OF RESISTANCE
- §7. FEDERAL EXECUTION
- Part II. Constitutional Law of the Länder
- Chapter 1. General Structures
- Chapter 2. Baden-Wuerttemberg
- Chapter 3. Bavaria
- Chapter 4. Berlin
- Chapter 5. Brandenburg
- Chapter 6. Bremen
- Chapter 7. Hamburg
- Chapter 8. Hesse
- Chapter 9. Lower Saxony
- Chapter 10. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Chapter 11. North Rhine-Westfalia
- Chapter 12. Rhineland-Palatinate
- Chapter 13. Saarland
- Chapter 14. Saxony
- Chapter 15. Saxony-Anhalt
- Chapter 16. Schleswig-Holstein
- Chapter 17. Thuringia
- Selected Bibliography
- Index
- Back Cover
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