Current Issues in U.S.-European Relations
Published on 11. May 2021
350 pages
978-1-5361-9699-3 (ISBN)
Description
Since the end of the Second World War, successive U.S. administrations and many members of Congress have supported a close U.S. partnership with Europe. Often termed the transatlantic relationship, the U.S.-European partnership encompasses the NATO alliance, relations with the European Union (EU), and extensive bilateral political and economic ties. Despite periodic tensions over the past 70 years, U.S. and European policymakers have valued the transatlantic partnership as serving their respective geostrategic and economic interests. This book discusses U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest including U.S.-European cooperation on challenges such as managing a resurgent Russia, proposed new U.S.-EU trade agreement negotiations, trade and tariff policies and the U.S.-EU economic relationship.
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Richard Sanders
Current Issues in U.S.-European Relations
Book
06/2021
Nova Science Publishers Inc
€303.05
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1
- U.S.-European Relations in the 117th Congress(
- A Relationship in Flux?
- Transatlantic Relations and U.S. Interests
- Europe and the Trump Administration
- The Biden Administration and Future Prospects
- Issues for Congress
- Chapter 2
- The European Union: Questions and Answers(
- Abstract
- How the EU Works
- Challenges Facing the EU
- U.S.-EU Relations
- What Is the European Union?
- How Does the EU Work?
- How Is the EU Governed?
- What Is the Lisbon Treaty?
- What Are the Euro and the Eurozone?
- Why and How Is the EU Enlarging?
- Does the EU Have a Foreign Policy?
- Does the EU Have a Defense Policy?
- What Is the Relationship of the EU to NATO?
- What Is Justice and Home Affairs?
- What Is the Schengen Area?
- Does the EU Have a Trade Policy and Process?
- How Do EU Countries and Citizens View the EU?
- What Does the UK's Withdrawal Mean for the EU?
- Does the United States Have a Formal Relationship with the EU?
- Who Are U.S. Officials' Counterparts in the EU?
- How Are U.S.-EU Relations?
- Appendix. Map of the European Union and Aspirant Countries
- Chapter 3
- The European Parliament and U.S. Interests(
- A Key EU Institution
- Role and Responsibilities
- Structure and Organization
- Political Groups
- EP Leadership, Committees, and Delegations
- Location and Administration
- 2019 Elections
- The United States, Congress, and the EP
- Chapter 4
- Europe, COVID-19, and U.S. Relations(
- COVID-19 in Europe
- Statistics
- European Responses
- EU Actions
- NATO's Role
- Impact on U.S.-European Relations
- Relations with China
- Congressional Interests
- Chapter 5
- Transatlantic Relations: U.S. Interests and Key Issues(
- Abstract
- Transatlantic Relations and the Trump Administration
- Congressional Interests
- A Relationship in Flux?
- Long-Standing U.S. and Congressional Engagement
- The Trump Administration and Heightened Tensions
- A Challenging Political Context and Shifting Policy Priorities
- The Transatlantic Partnership and U.S. Interests
- NATO
- Benefits, Costs, and Burdensharing
- Tensions in the Alliance and Ongoing Challenges
- The European Union
- Evolution of U.S.-EU Relations
- The EU and the Trump Administration
- A More Independent EU?
- Possible Implications of Brexit
- Selected Foreign Policy and Security Challenges
- Russia
- Arms Control and the INF Treaty
- China
- Iran
- Syria and Countering the Islamic State
- EU Defense Initiatives
- Climate Policies
- COVID-19
- Trade and Economic Issues
- Current Trade and Investment Relations
- Trade Disputes
- U.S.-EU Trade Negotiations
- Implications for the United States
- Trump Administration Views
- Potential Damage?
- Future Prospects
- Issues for Congress
- Chapter 6
- Europe's Refugee and Migration Flows(
- Mixed Migration to Europe
- Routes, Flows, and Arrival Profiles
- Asylum Claims
- EU Responses and Challenges
- International Humanitarian Response
- Issues for the United States
- Chapter 7
- Terrorism in Europe(
- Current Trends
- The Islamic State and Europe
- Selected Terrorism Incidents
- 2018
- 2019
- 2020
- European Responses and Challenges
- Chapter 8
- The European Union: Ongoing Challenges and Future Prospects(
- Abstract
- Overview
- Evolution of the European Integration Project and Internal Dynamics
- The Past as Prologue
- Inherent Differences and Persistent Tensions
- Current Political and Economic Context
- Improving Economies but Lingering Concerns
- Rise of Anti-EU or "Euroskeptic" Political Parties
- Lack of Strong Leadership and Decreased Solidarity
- Simultaneous Challenges
- The UK Decision to Leave the EU
- Democracy and Rule-of-Law Concerns
- Migratory Pressures and Societal Integration Challenges
- European Security Concerns
- Managing a Resurgent Russia
- Countering Terrorism
- Possible Future Scenarios for the EU and Next Steps
- Issues for the United States
- U.S. Policy Considerations
- Does the United States Pose a Challenge for the EU?
- Appendix. Map of the EU and Candidate Countries
- Chapter 9
- U.S.-EU Data Privacy: From Safe Harbor to Privacy Shield(
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Data Privacy and Protection in the EU and the United States
- The EU Approach and the 1995 Data Protection Directive (DPD)
- The U.S. Approach
- Transatlantic Data Flows
- The Safe Harbor Agreement
- The CJEU Decision
- U.S. and European Responses
- The New EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Agreement
- Next Steps
- Future Prospects
- Options for Affected Companies in the Interim
- Issues for Congress
- Chapter 10
- EU Data Protection Rules and U.S. Implications(
- Data Privacy and Protection in the United States and Europe
- What Is the GDPR?
- GDPR Implementation
- Two-Year Anniversary
- GDPR and COVID-19
- Policy Implications
- Chapter 11
- U.S.-EU Privacy Shield(
- Data Transfers and Surveillance Issues
- EU Court Invalidates Privacy Shield
- U.S. and Congressional Interests
- Transatlantic Data Flows
- Privacy Shield Framework
- Joining Privacy Shield and Program Enforcement
- Future Prospects
- Options for Congress
- Chapter 12
- U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Issues(
- Introduction
- Selected Issues
- Trade Balance and Trade Practices
- Trade Frictions
- WTO and Multilateralism
- U.S.-EU Trade Negotiations
- Brexit
- Issues for Congress
- Chapter 13
- U.S.-EU Trade Agreement Negotiations: Issues and Prospects(
- Previous Trade Negotiation Efforts
- Selected Issues and Sectors
- Industrial Tariffs
- Services
- Agriculture
- Government Procurement
- Regulatory Cooperation
- Sectoral Cooperation
- Rules
- Issues for Congress
- Outlook
- Economic Implications
- U.S.-EU Trade Relations
- Chapter 14
- U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Ties: Magnitude and Scope(
- EU Economy
- U.S.-EU Trade
- Goods
- Services
- U.S.-EU Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Issues for Congress
- Chapter 15
- U.S. Trade Concerns Regarding the EU's Farm to Fork Strategy(
- U.S.-EU Agricultural Trade Overview
- Overview of EU's Proposed Strategies
- Reactions in the European Union
- Reactions in the United States
- Considerations for Congress
- Chapter 16
- EU-Japan FTA: Implications for U.S. Trade Policy(
- Overview
- Trade and Investment Ties
- Key Elements of the EU-Japan FTA
- Market Access
- Standards and Regulatory Cooperation
- Rules
- Potential Issues for Congress
- Commercial Impact
- Objectives in Trade Talks
- Leadership in Global Trade Rules
- Chapter 17
- EU Climate Action and Implications for the United States(
- European Union: A Key Actor
- EU Climate Policies and Challenges
- EU Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Efforts
- The European Green Deal
- Implications for U.S.-EU Relations
- Chapter 18
- European Energy Security: Options for EU Natural Gas Diversification(
- Abstract
- Introduction
- U.S. Perspective and Related Issues
- Congressional Interest
- Sanctions-Related Issues
- Main Sources of EU Natural Gas
- Natural Gas Production in the EU and Norway
- Natural Gas Imports from Russia
- Russia's Reliability as a Supplier: European Debate
- Russian Natural Gas Routes to the EU
- Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2
- TurkStream
- Natural Gas Contracts
- Natural Gas Storage
- Developments in EU Energy Policy
- Liberalization and Integration
- EU Support for Energy Projects
- From the "European Energy Union" to the "European Green Deal"
- Alternatives to Russian Natural Gas Imports
- Expanding EU Production
- Opportunities for Shale?
- North Sea Future
- North Africa: Diminished but Consistent Suppliers
- Qatar and Other Liquefied Natural Gas Exporters
- Rising U.S. LNG
- EU LNG Importers
- Azerbaijan and the Southern Gas Corridor
- Central Asia and the Caspian Sea
- Eastern Mediterranean and the Arctic: On the Horizon
- Conclusion: Prospects for Diversification
- Chapter 19
- TurkStream: Russia's Newest Gas Pipeline to Europe(
- Background
- Project Status
- Southeastern European Market Impact
- Relations Between Russia and Turkey
- U.S. Policy Considerations
- U.S. LNG Exports
- Chapter 20
- Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe(
- Abstract
- Recent Developments
- Historical Background
- The Obama Administration
- The Threat
- The Bush-Proposed System
- The Location
- Poland
- Czech Republic
- Policy Issues
- Debate in Poland and the Czech Republic
- European/Russian Response
- Europe
- NATO
- Russia
- Congressional Actions
- Fiscal Year 2010
- Fiscal Year 2009
- Fiscal Year 2008
- Chapter 21
- The European Deterrence Initiative: A Budgetary Overview(
- Background
- FY 2021 Budget Request and Funding Levels
- EDI Focus Areas
- Considerations for Congress
- Chapter 22
- United States European Command: Overview and Key Issues(
- History
- USEUCOM's Current Geopolitical Challenges
- U.S. Forces in Europe Today
- Rotational Forces
- Posture Changes?
- European Command and NATO
- Burdensharing?
- EUCOM Funding
- European Deterrence Initiative: Funding?
- Chapter 23
- Defender Europe 20 Military Exercise, Historical (REFORGER) Exercises, and U.S. Force Posture in Europe(
- Defender Europe 20
- What Was REFORGER?
- U.S. Military in Europe During the Cold War
- The Evolution of REFORGER
- From 1993 to 2014
- USEUCOM's Current Geopolitical Challenges
- The European Deterrence Initiative and Operation Atlantic Resolve
- Chapter 24
- The U.S.-EU Beef Hormone Dispute(
- Abstract
- Background
- Use of Hormones in Meat Production
- The EU Beef Hormone Ban
- Hormone Dispute in the WTO
- Overview of WTO Proceedings
- Role of Scientific Reviews in the Dispute
- EU Reviews
- U.S. Response to EU Reviews
- U.S. Trade Sanctions and Retaliation
- Initial 1999 Retaliatory Action
- Revised 2009 Retaliatory Action
- 2009 Memorandum of Understanding
- Recent Developments in 2016
- Role of Ongoing Trade Negotiations between the U.S. and EU
- Opposition by U.S. Importers
- Trade Effects for Selected Products
- U.S. Exports to the EU
- Recent Trends
- USDA's Non-Hormone Treated Cattle (NHTC) Program
- Other Compensation Efforts
- U.S. Imports from the EU
- Congressional Interest
- Appendix A. Initial Retaliation List (July 1999)
- Appendix B. Revised Retaliation List (January 2009)
- Appendix C. "Reduced" Product List (March 2009)
- Appendix D. Chronology of the U.S.-EU Beef Hormone Dispute
- Index
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