Quantum Image Watermarking

Name: Quantum Image Watermarking
Brand: Nova Science Publishers Inc
Price: 241.99 EUR
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Zhou Ri-Gui(Author)

Nova Science Publishers Inc

Published on 20. September 2019

252 pages

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978-1-5361-6183-0 (ISBN)

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Content

Intro
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1. Quantum Computation
1.2. Quantum Image Representation
1.3. Quantum Image Watermarking
1.3.1. Quantum Watermarking Based on FRQI
1.3.2. Quantum Watermarking Based on NEQR
1.4. Structure of the Book
References
Chapter 2
Basic Knowledge of Quantum Computation
2.1. Quantum Bits
2.2. Quantum Gates
2.2.1. Single Qubit Gates
2.2.2. Multiple Qubit Gates
2.3. Quantum Circuits
2.3.1. Reversible Parallel Adder (RPA)
2.3.1.1. Reversible Half Adder (RHA)
2.3.1.2. Reversible Full adder (RFA)
2.3.2. Reversible Parallel Subtractor (RPS)
2.3.2.1. Reversible Half Subtractor (RHS)
2.3.2.2. Reversible Full Subtractor (RFS)
2.3.3. Calculate Absolute Value (CAV)
2.3.4. Quantum Equal (QE)
2.3.5. Quantum Comparator (QC)
References
Chapter 3
Quantum Image Watermarking Schemes Based on Arnold Scrambling and LSBs Steganography
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Related Works
3.2.1. Arnold Scramble and Least Significant Bit (LSB)
3.2.1.1. Principle of Arnold Scrambling
3.2.1.2. Least Significant Bit (LSB)
3.2.2. NCQI
3.2.3. Parallel Adder and Subtractor Mod N
3.2.3.1. Parallel Adder Mod N Module
3.2.3.2. Parallel Subtractor Mod N Module
3.3. Grayscale Image Watermarking
3.3.1. Watermark Image Embedding
3.3.1.1. Proposed Quantum Watermarking Scheme
3.3.1.2. Embedding Procedure
3.3.1.3. Quantum Image Preparing Works
3.3.1.4. Arnold Scrambling
3.3.1.5. Implement Embedding
3.3.2. Watermark Image Extraction
3.3.2.1. Implement Extracting
3.3.2.2. Inverse Arnold Scrambling
3.3.3. Circuit Complexity
3.3.3.1. Time Complexity of Embedding Procedure
3.3.3.2. Time Complexity of Extracting Procedure
3.3.4. Simulation and Analysis
3.4. Color Image Watermarking
3.4.1. Arnold Twice-Scrambling
3.4.2. Watermark Image Embedding
3.4.2.1. Embedding Procedure
3.4.2.2. Circuit for Watermark Image Scrambling
3.4.2.3. Circuit for Embedding Watermark Image
3.4.3. Watermark Image Extraction
3.4.3.1. Circuit for Extracting Watermark
3.4.3.2. Inverse Expanding of Watermark Image
3.4.4. Circuit Complexity
3.4.4.1. Complexity for Embedding Watermark
3.4.4.2. Complexity for Extracting Watermark
3.4.5. Simulation and Analysis
3.4.5.1. Visual Quality PSNR
3.4.5.2. Robustness
3.4.5.3. Steganography Capacity
3.5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 4
Quantum Watermarking Algorithms Using the Edge Areas of Image
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Enhanced Quantum Watermarking for Grayscale Images
4.2.1. Preparation
4.2.2. Embedding Procedure
4.2.2.1. Preprocessing
4.2.2.2. Selection of the Edge Region of a Carrier Image
4.2.2.3. Watermark Image Scaling
4.2.2.4. Implementation of Embedding
4.2.3. Extraction Procedure
4.2.3.1. Implementation of Extraction
4.2.3.2. Watermark Image Inverse Scaling
4.2.4. Circuit Complexity
4.2.5. Simulation Experiments and Analysis
4.2.5.1. Visual Quality
4.2.5.2. Robustness Performance under Noises
4.3. LSBs-Based Quantum Color Images Watermarking
4.3.1. Gray Code
4.3.2. Watermark Image Embedding
4.3.2.1. The Selection of Embedding Regions
4.3.2.2. Procedures of Quantum Watermarking
4.3.2.3. Watermarking Embedding
4.3.2.3.1. Image Expansion Operation
4.3.2.3.2. Gray Code Transform
4.3.2.3.3. Embedding Process
4.3.3. Watermark Image Extraction
4.3.3.1. Extraction Process
4.3.3.2. Inverse Gray Code Transform
4.3.3.3. Inverse Image Expansion Operation
4.3.4. Simulation and Analysis
4.3.4.1. Imperceptibility
4.3.4.1.1. Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR)
4.3.4.1.2. Histogram Analysis
4.3.4.1.3. Steganography Capacity
4.4. Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
Quantum Watermarking Schemes Based on Interpolation Method
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Related Works
5.2.1. Neighbor Mean Interpolation (NMI)
5.2.2. Modules Used in Proposed Watermarking Scheme
5.2.2.1. Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT)
5.2.2.2. Cyclic Shift Transformation
5.2.2.3. Parallel Controlled-NOT (P-CNOT)
5.2.2.4. Parallel Swap (P-SWAP)
5.2.2.5. Halving
5.2.2.6. Quantum Adder (ADD)
5.2.2.7. Quantum Subtractor (SUB) Module
5.2.2.8. Divider Module
5.3. Proposed Quantum Watermarking Scheme
5.3.1. Outline of Investigated Quantum Watermarking
5.3.2. Watermarking Process
5.3.2.1. Quantum Image Scaling up
5.3.2.2. LSB Embedding
5.3.2.3. Extraction Process
5.3.2.4. LSB Extraction
5.3.2.5. Retrieving Original Quantum Carrier Image
5.3.3. Circuit Complexity
5.3.3.1. Quantum Watermarking Embedding
5.3.3.2. Quantum Watermarking Extraction
5.3.4 Simulation and Analysis
5.3.4.1. Image Scaling Up
5.3.4.2. Imperceptibility Analysis
5.3.4.3. Detect the Attack
5.4. Dual Embedded Watermarking for Quantum Color Image
5.4.1. Preliminaries
5.4.2. Fast Bit-Plane Scramble Scheme
5.4.3. Watermark Image Embedding and Extraction
5.4.3.1. Quantum Watermark Image Embedding Procedure
5.4.3.2. Quantum Watermark Image Extracting Procedure
5.4.3.3. Quantum Watermark Image Inverse Recovery Procedure
5.4.4. Simulation and Analysis
5.4.4.1. Visual Quality PSNR
5.4.4.2. Histogram Analysis
5.4.4.2.1. Analysis of the Scrambling Effect
5.4.4.2.2. Histogram Analysis of the Embedding Effect
5.5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Optimal LSBs-Based Quantum Watermarking Schemes
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Adaptive Quantum Watermarking Using Tri-Way Pixel Value Differencing
6.2.1. Preparation
6.2.2. Embedding Procedure
6.2.2.1. Watermark Image Expanding and Scrambling
6.2.2.2. Implementation of Embedding
6.2.2.2.1. The Determination of Smooth Areas or Edge Areas
6.2.2.2.2. For Smooth Blocks
6.2.2.2.3. For Edge Blocks
6.2.3. Extraction Procedure
6.2.4. Simulation Experiments and Analysis
6.2.4.1. Visual Quality Analysis
6.2.4.2. Robustness Analysis under Noises
6.2.4.3. Security Analysis
6.3. LSBs-Based Quantum Watermarking with Lower Distortion
6.3.1. Related Works
6.3.1.1. Subtractor Mod Module
6.3.1.2. Absolute Value Module
6.3.2. LSBs-Based Quantum Watermarking with Lower Distortion
6.3.2.1. Preparation
6.3.2.2. Watermark Image Embedding
6.3.2.2.1. Embedding Procedure
6.3.2.3. Circuit for Embedding Watermark Image
6.3.2.4. Watermark Image Extraction Procedure
6.3.2.5. Circuit for Extracting Watermark
6.3.3. Circuit Complexity
6.3.3.1. Embedding Procedure
6.3.3.2. Extracting Procedure
6.3.4. Simulation and Analysis
6.3.4.1. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
6.3.4.2. Histogram Graph
6.3.4.3. Robustness Performance under Noise
6.3.4.4. Steganography Capacity
6.4. Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Quantum Watermarking Schemes in Spatial Domain and Frequency Domain
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Preliminaries
7.2.1. Quantum Multiplier
7.2.2. Affine Scrambling
7.2.2.1. Chaotic Scrambling Based on Affine Transformation
7.2.2.2. Analysis of Experimental Results
7.2.3. Based on Two-Bit Embedding Strategy
7.2.4. The Wavelet Transform
7.3. Two-Bit Quantum Watermarking Strategy Based on Chaotic Scrambling
7.3.1. Quantum Watermark Embedding
7.3.1.1. Embedding Process of Watermark
7.3.1.2. Watermark Scrambling and Expanding
7.3.1.3. Quantum Watermark Extraction
7.3.2. Quantum Watermarking for Extracting the Watermark Image
7.3.2.1. Extracting Process Watermark Image
7.3.2.2. Quantum Circuit for Extracting Watermark
7.3.3.3. Inversing Expanding of Watermark Image
7.3.3. Simulation and Analysis
7.3.3.1. Visual Quality PSNR
7.3.3.2. Robustness Performance under Noises
7.3.3.3. The Bit Error Rate Analysis
7.3.3.4. Histogram Analysis
7.3.3.5. Complexity Analysis
7.3.3.5.1. Complexity for Embedding Watermark
7.3.3.5.2. Complexity for Extracting Watermark
7.4. A Novel Quantum Watermark Based on Spatial Domain and Frequency Domain
7.4.1. Quantum LSB and Wavelet Watermarking
7.4.1.1. Embedding Procedure
7.4.1.2. Extracting Procedure
7.4.2. Simulation and Analysis
7.4.2.1. Invisibility
7.4.2.2. Visual Quality PSNR
7.4.2.3. Robustness
7.4.2.4. Steganography Capacity
7.5. Conclusion
References
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Index
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